Association between severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography.

BACKGROUND: The effect of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) can be influenced by the degree of coronary artery stenosis. However, the association between the severity of NAFLD and MACEs in patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is unclear. METHODS: A total of 341 NAFLD patients who underwent CCTA were enrolled. The severity of NAFLD was divided into mild NAFLD and moderate-severe NAFLD by abdominal CT results. The degree of coronary artery stenosis was evaluated by using Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) category. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to assess poor prognosis. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 45 of 341 NAFLD patients (13.20%) who underwent CCTA occurred MACEs. The severity of NAFLD (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.95[1.54-5.66]; p = 0.001) and CAD-RADS categories 3-5 (HR = 16.31[6.34-41.92]; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for MACEs. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that moderate to severe NAFLD patients had a worsen prognosis than mild NAFLD patients (log-rank p < 0.001). Moreover, the combined receiver operating characteristic curve of the severity of NAFLD and CAD-RADS category showed a good predicting performance for the risk of MACEs, with an area under the curve of 0.849 (95% CI = 0.786-0.911). CONCLUSION: The severity of NAFLD was independent risk factor for MACEs in patients with obstructive CAD, having CAD-RADS 3-5 categories on CCTA.

Development and validation of a CT-based radiomics model for differentiating pneumonia-like primary pulmonary lymphoma from infectious pneumonia: A multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia-like primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) was commonly misdiagnosed as infectious pneumonia, leading to delayed treatment. The purpose of this study was to establish a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics model to differentiate pneumonia-like PPL from infectious pneumonia. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 79 patients with pneumonia-like PPL and 176 patients with infectious pneumonia from 12 medical centers were enrolled. Patients from center 1 to center 7 were assigned to the training or validation cohort, and the remaining patients from other centers were used as the external test cohort. Radiomics features were extracted from CT images. A three-step procedure was applied for radiomics feature selection and radiomics signature building, including the inter- and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the significant clinicoradiological variables and construct a clinical factor model. Two radiologists reviewed the CT images for the external test set. Performance of the radiomics model, clinical factor model, and each radiologist were assessed by receiver operating characteristic, and area under the curve (AUC) was compared. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients (44 with pneumonia-like PPL and 100 infectious pneumonia) were in the training cohort, 38 patients (12 with pneumonia-like PPL and 26 infectious pneumonia) were in the validation cohort, and 73 patients (23 with pneumonia-like PPL and 50 infectious pneumonia) were in the external test cohort. Twenty-three radiomics features were selected to build the radiomics model, which yielded AUCs of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94-0.99), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85-0.98), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87-0.99) in the training, validation, and external test cohort, respectively. The AUCs for the two readers and clinical factor model were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.63-0.83), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.62-0.82), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.62-0.84) in the external test cohort, respectively. The radiomics model outperformed both the readers' interpretation and clinical factor model ( P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CT-based radiomics model may provide an effective and non-invasive tool to differentiate pneumonia-like PPL from infectious pneumonia, which might provide assistance for clinicians in tailoring precise therapy.

MRI-based radiomics nomogram for differentiation of solitary metastasis and solitary primary tumor in the spine.

BACKGROUND: Differentiating between solitary spinal metastasis (SSM) and solitary primary spinal tumor (SPST) is essential for treatment decisions and prognosis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an MRI-based radiomics nomogram for discriminating SSM from SPST. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five patients with solitary spinal tumors were retrospectively studied and the data set was divided into two groups: a training set (n = 98) and a validation set (n = 37). Demographics and MRI characteristic features were evaluated to build a clinical factors model. Radiomics features were extracted from sagittal T1-weighted and fat-saturated T2-weighted images, and a radiomics signature model was constructed. A radiomics nomogram was established by combining radiomics features and significant clinical factors. The diagnostic performance of the three models was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves on the training and validation sets. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was performed to assess the calibration capability of radiomics nomogram, and we used decision curve analysis (DCA) to estimate the clinical usefulness. RESULTS: The age, signal, and boundaries were used to construct the clinical factors model. Twenty-six features from MR images were used to build the radiomics signature. The radiomics nomogram achieved good performance for differentiating SSM from SPST with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.980 in the training set and an AUC of 0.924 in the validation set. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and decision curve analysis demonstrated the radiomics nomogram outperformed the clinical factors model. CONCLUSIONS: A radiomics nomogram as a noninvasive diagnostic method, which combines radiomics features and clinical factors, is helpful in distinguishing between SSM and SPST.

Pneumonic-type invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma and infectious pneumonia: clinical and CT imaging analysis from multiple centers.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonic-type invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) was often misdiagnosed as pneumonia in clinic. However, the treatment of these two diseases is different. METHODS: A total of 341 patients with pneumonic-type IMA (n = 134) and infectious pneumonia (n = 207) were retrospectively enrolled from January 2017 to January 2022 at six centers. Detailed clinical and CT imaging characteristics of two groups were analyzed and the characteristics between the two groups were compared by χ2 test and Student's t test. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic performance of different variables. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in age, fever, no symptoms, elevation of white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level, family history of cancer, air bronchogram, interlobular fissure bulging, satellite lesions, and CT attenuation value (all p < 0.05). Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.034; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008-1.061, p = 0.010), elevation of C-reactive protein level (OR, 0.439; 95% CI 0.217-0.890, p = 0.022), fever (OR, 0.104; 95% CI 0.048-0.229, p < 0.001), family history of cancer (OR, 5.123; 95% CI 1.981-13.245, p = 0.001), air space (OR, 6.587; 95% CI 3.319-13.073, p < 0.001), and CT attenuation value (OR, 0.840; 95% CI 0.796-0.886, p < 0.001) were the independent predictors of pneumonic-type IMA, with an area under the curve of 0.893 (95% CI 0.856-0.924, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Detailed evaluation of clinical and CT imaging characteristics is useful for differentiating pneumonic-type IMA and infectious pneumonia.