Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional laparoscopic gastrectomy in surgical efficacy for gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The surgical efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer remains controversial. A meta-analysis with all eligible studies was conducted to explore the surgical efficacy of 2D versus 3D laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS: A systematic search was performed. The weighted mean difference (WMD) or odds risk (OR) of patients with 2D or 3D laparoscopic gastrectomy were used to calculate surgical efficacy of 3D and 2D laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. RESULTS: Ten studies involving 1478 patients who underwent 2D or 3D laparoscopic gastrectomy were identified. Three-dimensional laparoscopic gastrectomy decreases operation time (WMD: - 16.517, 95% CI - 25.550 to - 7.484, P = 0.000), intraoperative blood loss (WMD: - 21.060, 95% CI - 32.209 to - 9.911, P = 0.000) and number of retrieved lymph nodes (WMD: 3.699, 95% CI 1.838-5.560, P = 0.000) compared with 2D laparoscopic surgery. However, no differences in time to first postoperative flatus (WMD: - 0.119, 95% CI - 0.330 to - 0.092, P = 0.269), perioperative complications (OR: 0.901, 95% CI 0.649-1.251, P = 0.534), or hospital stay (WMD: - 0.624, 95% CI - 1.983 to 0.735, P = 0.368) were noted between 3D and 2D laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: 3D laparoscopic gastrectomy decreases the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and numbers of retrieved lymph nodes compared with 2D laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Design rules of heteroatom-doped graphene to achieve high performance lithium-sulfur batteries: Both strong anchoring and catalysing based on first principles calculation.

A number of observations have been reported on chemical capture and catalysis of anchoring materials for lithium-sulfur batteries. Here, we propose the design principles for the chemical functioned graphene as an anchor material to realize both strong chemical trapping and catalysis. Through the first principle, the periodic law is calculated from the theory. Seven different co-doping series were investigated, e.g. MN4@graphene (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu). From binding energy, partial density of state, and charge density difference analysis, the FeN4 and CrN4 co-doped graphene show good performance for the lithium-sulfur battery from both strong anchoring and catalytic effects. For the most kinds of Li2Sx (x = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8) absorption, two combinations can be achieved, including S-bonding and Li-bonding. The competition between the MS and the NLi shows the main difference of the co-doped configurations. Moreover, the S-bonding systems have better performance for both moderate chemical trapping and strong catalysis. The binding energies of Li2Sx and Li decomposed properties considered as the key descriptors for the rational design of lithium-sulfur battery. Lastly, we offer design rules for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries based on the chemical functional graphene materials.

Impact of clinicopathological parameters on survival after multiorgan resection among patients with T4 gastric carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. The prognostic factors which can improve the overall survival (OS) of patients with T4 gastric carcinoma (GC) are still controversial: a meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of clinicopathological parameters on survival after MOR among patients with T4 GC. Methods. A systematic search was performed. Odd risks (ORs) of patients with T4 GC were used to calculate the relationship between clinicopathological parameters and OS. Results. Nine studies involving 941 patients with T4 GC were identified. Well-moderate differentiation led to increased 1-, 3-, 5-year OS with an OR of 2.63, 1.58 and 1.45. Borrmann type I-II led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 1.67 and 2.08. No lymph node metastasis led to increased 1-, 3-, 5-year OS with an OR of 7.16, 3.18 and 3.71. Total gastrectomy led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 2.01 and 1.79. ≥2 Organs resected led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 2.19 and 2.19. TNM stage II-III led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 3.68 and 5.75. Curative resection led to increased 1-, 3-, 5-year OS with an OR of 4.46, 5.80 and 5.98. Conclusion. Well-moderate differentiation, Borrmann type I-II, no lymph node metastasis, total gastrectomy, ≥2 organs resected, TNM stage II-III and curative resection were positive prognostic factors for OS of patients with T4 GC (AU)

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Impact of clinicopathological parameters on survival after multiorgan resection among patients with T4 gastric carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic factors which can improve the overall survival (OS) of patients with T4 gastric carcinoma (GC) are still controversial: a meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of clinicopathological parameters on survival after MOR among patients with T4 GC. METHODS: A systematic search was performed. Odd risks (ORs) of patients with T4 GC were used to calculate the relationship between clinicopathological parameters and OS. RESULTS: Nine studies involving 941 patients with T4 GC were identified. Well-moderate differentiation led to increased 1-, 3-, 5-year OS with an OR of 2.63, 1.58 and 1.45. Borrmann type I-II led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 1.67 and 2.08. No lymph node metastasis led to increased 1-, 3-, 5-year OS with an OR of 7.16, 3.18 and 3.71. Total gastrectomy led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 2.01 and 1.79. ≥2 Organs resected led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 2.19 and 2.19. TNM stage II-III led to increased 1-, 3-year OS with an OR of 3.68 and 5.75. Curative resection led to increased 1-, 3-, 5-year OS with an OR of 4.46, 5.80 and 5.98. CONCLUSION: Well-moderate differentiation, Borrmann type I-II, no lymph node metastasis, total gastrectomy, ≥2 organs resected, TNM stage II-III and curative resection were positive prognostic factors for OS of patients with T4 GC.

Clinicopathological significance of orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 expression in gastric cancer

Background. Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer is characterized by high levels of invasion and metastasis. Increasing attention is being focused on discovering molecular markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and for predicting its prognosis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Nurr1 expression in gastric cancer and to assess its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Methods. Tissue samples were obtained from 120 gastric cancer patients. We investigated Nurr1 expression in human normal and gastric cancer tissues using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. We determined the association between Nurr1 and recurrence, prognosis and patient clinicopathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses with a Cox’s proportional hazards regression model were used to identify independent factors related to recurrence and prognosis. Results. The immunohistochemical, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that Nurr1 expression was increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal gastric tissue (P < 0.05). Nurr1 expression was significantly correlated with the tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and distant metastasis of gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Moreover, Nurr1-high patients also exhibited poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival compared with Nurr1-low patients (P < 0.01). The univariate and multivariate survival analyses suggested that Nurr1 expression (P = 0.011), histology (P = 0.018), depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.037), and presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.031) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. In addition, Nurr1 expression (P = 0.007), depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.014), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.044), distant metastasis (P = 0.023), and recurrence (P = 0.011) were independent prognostic factors of OS in gastric cancer patients. Conclusions. The Nurr1 protein may be useful as a marker of recurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis following curative resection in patients with gastric cancer (AU)

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Clinicopathological significance of orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 expression in gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer is characterized by high levels of invasion and metastasis. Increasing attention is being focused on discovering molecular markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and for predicting its prognosis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate Nurr1 expression in gastric cancer and to assess its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 120 gastric cancer patients. We investigated Nurr1 expression in human normal and gastric cancer tissues using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. We determined the association between Nurr1 and recurrence, prognosis and patient clinicopathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses with a Cox's proportional hazards regression model were used to identify independent factors related to recurrence and prognosis. RESULTS: The immunohistochemical, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that Nurr1 expression was increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal gastric tissue (P < 0.05). Nurr1 expression was significantly correlated with the tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and distant metastasis of gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Moreover, Nurr1-high patients also exhibited poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival compared with Nurr1-low patients (P < 0.01). The univariate and multivariate survival analyses suggested that Nurr1 expression (P = 0.011), histology (P = 0.018), depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.037), and presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.031) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. In addition, Nurr1 expression (P = 0.007), depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.014), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.044), distant metastasis (P = 0.023), and recurrence (P = 0.011) were independent prognostic factors of OS in gastric cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: The Nurr1 protein may be useful as a marker of recurrence, metastasis, and poor prognosis following curative resection in patients with gastric cancer.

The role of ICAM-1 molecule in the migration of Langerhans cells in the skin and regional lymph node.

ICAM-1 (CD54) plays an important role in the cell-cell interaction and migration of leukocytes. Previous studies have shown that ICAM-1 is involved in inflammatory reactions and that a defect in ICAM-1 gene inhibits allergic contact hypersensitivity. This study indicates that the migration of hapten presenting Langerhans cells into the regional lymph nodes was significantly reduced in ICAM-1-deficient mice compared to wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The reduced number of dendritic cells in regional lymph nodes did not result from abnormal migration of Langerhans cells into the skin of ICAM-1-deficient mice. The concentration and distribution of Langerhans cells in the naïve skin of ICAM-1-deficient mice was equal to that of wild-type mice. Following hapten sensitization, Langerhans cell migration out of the skin and recruitment of fresh Langerhans cells back to the epidermis was not affected in ICAM-1-deficient mice. Further experiments demonstrated that ICAM-1 deficiency on lymphatic endothelium rather than on dendritic cells was responsible for the reduced migration of Langerhans cells into draining lymph nodes. This study indicates that ICAM-1 regulates the migration of dendritic cells into regional lymph nodes but not into or out of the skin.

[Introduction of rabbit defensin NP-1 gene into poplar (P. tomentosa) by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation].

Rabbit defensin NP-1 possesses a broad resistant spectrum to pathogens. In this work, we have transferred the NP-1 gene into poplar plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR amplification and Southern analysis showed that rabbit defensin NP-1 gene was integrated into the poplar genome. The transformation efficiency is about 15.6%. Antimicrobial activity test showed that the extract of transgenic plants inhibited the growth of the tested microbes.

[The diagnosis and treatment of intracranial tuberculoma].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of intracranial tuberculoma. METHODS: Fourteen intracranial tuberculoma cases were hospitalized in the past five years, accounting for 0.9 per cent of the intracranial tumors in the same period. Five out of fourteen cases were treated conservatively while other nine were treated surgically. All the cases were received 6-month short-course anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, among which only one case's treatment was prolonged to one year. RESULT: All the cases had good outcome, none of them dead. CONCLUSIONS: Operative indications of intracranial tuberculoma cases should be applied strictly. Good result could be gained via a short-course anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, no matter operation was performed or not.

[Indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique with frozen sections of schistosome for serodiagnosis of latent schistosomiasis].

Indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique using frozen sections of adult worm as antigen (IIP-AWA) was carried out to detect antibodies against schistosome antigens (AWAb) for the diagnosis of existing infection of schistosomiasis in COPT positive cases. Sera from 229 COPT positive and 135 COPT negative cases in Shanghai County, where schistosomiasis had been eradicated for more than 5 years, were tested. Sera from 122 patients with positive stool hatching from an endemic area were served as positive controls. The positive rates of the three groups were 96.9%, 5.2%, and 100% respectively. The staining pattern of the worm sections was mainly diffused at serum dilutions 1:4 to 1:16. 149 sero-positive cases were treated with pyquiton (60 mg/kg.2d) and re-examined 1, 1.5, and 2.5 years post-treatment. The negative conversion rate of IIP-AWA was considerably higher than that of COPT (80% vs. 61.1%) at the first year, but no significant difference was observed after 2.5 years (85.5% vs. 83.6%). With the decreasing antibody titer, the staining pattern of worm sections changed from diffused to focal pattern, mostly in the gut. The results suggest that the presence of detectable AWAb in untreated patients or patients treated 2 years ago with pyquiton possibly indicate latent schistosomiasis. IIP-AWA is of practical value in screening populations for latent schistosomiasis in areas where the disease had been under control.