Frecuencia de grupos sanguíneos ABO y RhD, en universitarios de El Alto ­ Bolivia / Frequency of ABO and RhD blood groups in university students in El Alto - Bolivia

INTRODUCCIÓN: los sistemas sanguíneos continúan siendo de gran importancia en múltiples disciplinas como la medicina transfusional, genética poblacional, medicina forense, trasplante de órganos entre otras, estas se basan en la determinación de los grupos sanguíneos ABO y Rh. El siguiente trabajo analiza la fenotipificación eritrocitaria en un grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de Bioquímica y Farmacia de 5to, 6to y 7mo semestre, Universidad Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ) sede El Alto - Bolivia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos, determinando los sistemas ABO y RhD, para las pruebas directa e indirecta a fin de evitar discrepancias; utilizando como soporte la técnica de microplaca, regida a controles de calidad en Inmunohematología. RESULTADOS: los resultados mostraron que el 86% eran mujeres, el grupo etario dominante esta entre 18 a 25 años de edad. El sistema ABO determinó el mayor porcentaje al grupo O con un 93%, destacando que no se encontró el grupo AB en el grupo de estudio. El sistema RhD, tuvo 100% de positivos, no encontrándose fenotipos RhD negativo ni variantes ni parciales. CONCLUSIÓN: la fenotipificación de grupos sanguíneos tanto directa e indirecta, a través de la plataforma de microplaca ayuda a evitar errores y discrepancias, tal como lo recomienda el Manual de Inmunohematología en servicios de sangre en Bolivia.

INTRODUCTION Blood systems continue to be of great importance in multiple disciplines such as transfusion medicine, population genetics, forensic medicine and organ transplantation, which are based on the determination of ABO and Rh blood groups. The following work analyzes the erythrocyte phenotyping in a group of students of Biochemistry and Pharmacy of 5th, 6th and 7th semesters, UNIFRANZ, El Alto. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive case series study was carried out, determining the ABO and RhD systems for direct and indirect tests in order to avoid discrepancies; using the microplate technique as support, according to quality controls in Immunohematology. RESULTS The results showed that 86% were women, the dominant age group was between 18 and 25 years of age. The ABO system determined the highest percentage of group O with 93%, highlighting that the AB group was not found in the study group. The RhD system was 100% positive, with no RhD negative phenotypes, neither variant nor partial. CONCLUSION The phenotyping of blood groups, both direct and indirect, through the microplate platform helps to avoid errors and discrepancies, as recommended by the Manual of Immunohematology in blood services in Bolivia.

Estudio de la relación entre el grupo sanguíneo eritrocitario ABO con los niveles del factor von Willebrand en pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad / Study of the relationship between the ABO erythrocyte blood group with the von Willebrand factor levels in patients diagnosed with the disease

Resumen La presencia o ausencia de los antígenos del sistema ABO entre otros factores se han relacionado con los niveles plasmáticos del factor von Willebrand (VWF) debido a su influencia en la proteólisis por la ADAMTS 13; la actividad de este sistema eritrocitario puede incidir en eventos trombóticos o hemorrágicos. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si los pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad de von Willebrand pertenecían al grupo sanguíneo O y si los niveles de VWF y FVIII eran más bajos que los de los grupos no-O. El grupo sanguíneo fue identificado por un método directo en tubo y el VWF y FVIII se midieron mediante ensayos de coagulación. Se analizó un total de 64 pacientes, el 29,4% eran mayores de 40 años, el 100% presentaron valores más bajos del VWF que los grupos no-O, el 64% de los pacientes presentaron una concentración del FVIII de 6-49% inferior al rango normal establecido y el 78,51% fueron tipificados como del grupo sanguíneo O. El análisis estadístico demostró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de VWF y el grupo sanguíneo. Se determinó que existe una relación entre el sistema ABO y el VWF-FVIII (p<0,05); sin embargo, esto no significa que sea la única causa de la existencia de un nivel bajo del factor. Estos datos indican la necesidad de mayores estudios en la población de pacientes con la enfermedad y la necesidad de determinar los tipos de von Willebrand y su relación con el grupo sanguíneo.

Abstract The presence or absence of antigens of the ABO system, among other factors, have been related to plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) due to its influence on proteolysis by ADAMTS 13. The activity of this erythrocyte system may influence on thrombotic or hemorrhagic events. The purpose of this study was to determine if the patients diagnosed with von Willebrand disease belonged to the O blood group and the VWF and FVIII levels were lower than those of the other blood groups. The blood group was identified by direct tube method and the VWF and FVIII were measured by coagulation tests. A total of 64 patients were analised, 29.4% were older than 40, 100% presented lower values of VWF than the non-O groups. A total of 64% of the patients presented a lower concentration of 6-49% in FVIII at the established normal range and 78.51% were typified as blood group O. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between VWF levels and blood group. It was determined that there is a relationship between the ABO system and the VWF-FVIII (p<0.05). However, this does not mean that is the only cause of the existence of a low level of these factors. These data indicate the need for further studies in the population of patients with von Willebrand disease in order to determine the von Willebrand types and their relationship with the blood group.

Resumo A presença ou ausência dos antígenos do sistema ABO, entre outros fatores, tem sido relacionada aos níveis plasmáticos do fator de von Willebrand (VWF) devido à sua influência na proteólise pelo ADAMTS 13; a atividade desse sistema eritrocitário pode afetar eventos trombóticos ou hemorrágicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se os pacientes com diagnóstico de doença de von Willebrand pertenciam ao grupo sanguíneo O e se os níveis de VWF e FVIII eram inferiores aos dos grupos não-0. O grupo sanguíneo foi identificado por um método direto em tubo e o VWF e o FVIII foram medidos por testes de coagulação. Foram analisados 64 pacientes, 29,4% tinham idade superior a 40 anos, 100% apresentaram valores mais baixos do VWF que os grupos não-O e 64% dos pacientes apresentaram concentração de FVIII 6-49% menor à faixa normal estabelecida, e 78,51% foram tipificados como do grupo sanguíneo O. A análise estatística mostrou uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de VWF e o grupo sanguíneo. Foi determinado que existe uma relação entre o sistema ABO e o VWF-FVIII (p<0,05), no entanto, isso não significa que seja a única causa da existência de um baixo nível do fator. Esses dados indicam a necessidade de novos estudos na população de pacientes com a doença e a necessidade de determinar os tipos de von Willebrand e sua relação com o grupo sanguíneo.

Structural diversity and biological importance of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates

ABSTRACT ABO, H, secretor and Lewis histo-blood system genes control the expression of part of the carbohydrate repertoire present in areas of the body occupied by microorganisms. These carbohydrates, besides having great structural diversity, act as potential receptors for pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms influencing susceptibility and resistance to infection and illness. Despite the knowledge of some structural variability of these carbohydrate antigens and their polymorphic levels of expression in tissue and exocrine secretions, little is known about their biological importance and potential applications in medicine. This review highlights the structural diversity, the biological importance and potential applications of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood carbohydrates.

Structural diversity and biological importance of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates.

ABO, H, secretor and Lewis histo-blood system genes control the expression of part of the carbohydrate repertoire present in areas of the body occupied by microorganisms. These carbohydrates, besides having great structural diversity, act as potential receptors for pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms influencing susceptibility and resistance to infection and illness. Despite the knowledge of some structural variability of these carbohydrate antigens and their polymorphic levels of expression in tissue and exocrine secretions, little is known about their biological importance and potential applications in medicine. This review highlights the structural diversity, the biological importance and potential applications of ABO, H, Lewis and secretor histo-blood carbohydrates.