Alunos canhotos de odontologia da cidade de Uberlândia: perfil, ergonomia e dores osteomusculares / Left-handed dentistry students in the city of Uberlândia: profile, ergonomics and muscular pain

Os dentistas são um grupo de alto risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças de desordens musculoesqueléticas e tendo em vista que o sistema de produção industrial desenvolve produtos que atendem a maioria da população destra, os estudantes canhotos precisam se adequar a uma formação acadêmica, usando instrumentais, cadeiras odontológicas eoutros objetos projetados para destros. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a coletade informações sobre os canhotos nos cursos de Odontologia da cidade de Uberlândia ­Minas Gerais. Foram incluídos todos os alunos canhotos matriculados no ano de 2022 e que estavam cursando ou já cursaram disciplinas com atividades laboratoriais ou clínicas. Questionários foram aplicados para identificação do perfil, das dificuldades, da ergonomia e das dores osteomusculares dos alunos canhotos em suas atividades. Os dados foram em seguida tabulados e passaram por análise estatística. Da quantidade total de alunos das três instituições (n=1.578), foram entrevistados 45 (2,8%) alunos canhotos, sendo a maioria feminina (80%), na qual identificou-se um posicionamento inadequado do operador canhoto quando comparado ao preconizado pela ISO-FDI, além da limitação de movimento na presença de auxiliar (82,2%). Os locais com maior frequência de dor/desconforto foram: pescoço (79%), costas superior esquerda (63%) e inferior esquerda (61%) e punhos/ mãos esquerda (56%). A intensidade da dor variou entre alguma, moderada e bastante. O impedimento de realizar atividades diárias foi relatado por 17% dos alunos (n=7) e destes somente 1 buscou atendimento médico. Não houve diferença estatística na comparação entre instituição pública e privada. Diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que os canhotos representam minoria dos alunos de Odontologia e apresentam várias regiões de dor/ desconforto devido às adaptações e posturas erradas durante os atendimentos. Apesar de grande parte apresentar dor, poucos tiveram impedimento de atividades rotineiras ou procuraram ajuda médica(AU)

Dentists are a high risk group for the development of musculoskeletal disorders and considering that the industrial production system develops products that serve the majority of the right-handed population, lefthanded students need to adapt to an academic training, using instruments, dental chairs and other objects designed for right-handers. This study aimed to collect information about left-handers in Dentistry courses in the city of Uberlândia - Minas Gerais. All left- handed students enrolled in the year 2022 and who were taking or had taken courses with laboratory or clinical activities were included. Questionnaires were applied to identify the profile, difficulties, ergonomics and musculoskeletal pain of left-handed students in their activities. The data were tabulated and then undergo statistical analysis. Of the total number of students from the three institutions (n=1,578), 45 (2.8%) left-handed students were interviewed, the majority being female (80%), in which an inadequate positioning of the left-handed operator was identified when compared to the recommended one by ISO-FDI, in addition to limitation of movement in the presence of an assistant (82.2%). The places with the highest frequency of pain/discomfort were: neck (79%), upper left back (63%) and lower left back (61%) and left wrists/hands (56%). The intensity of pain varied between some, moderate and a lot. The impediment to carrying out daily activities was reported by 17% of the students (n=7) and of these, only 1 sought medical attention. There was no statistical difference when comparing public and private institutions. In view of the results, it was concluded that left-handers represent a minority of dentistry students and have several regions of pain/discomfort due to adaptations and wrong postures during consultations. Although most of them had pain, few were prevented from performing routine activities or sought medical help(AU)

TELEPHYSIOTHERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PHANTOM LIMB PAIN: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY / TELEFISIOTERAPIA PARA O TRATAMENTO DA DOR NO MEMBRO FANTASMA: UM ESTUDO QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL

Background and objective: Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) is a common complication of extremity amputation, with a prevalence between 41% and 46% of cases. Despite its uncertain pathophysiology, evidence suggests multifactorial mechanisms to explain the painful phenomenon, which directly affects the individual's quality of life. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of a telephysiotherapy protocol for PLP on the quality of life, intensity and perception of pain in individuals with extremity amputees. Method: Quasi-experimental study with a qualitative-quantitative approach, with a sample consisting of nine individuals. The instruments used were the McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Verbal Pain Scale, the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and an assessment form prepared in an interview format, all applied before and after the treatment protocol. The intervention consisted of an adaptation to the Graduated Motor Imagery (GMI) protocol; held online via the GoogleMeet platform. Quantitative analysis was performed using the paired Wilcoxon test for non-parametric variables and Pearson correlation. The qualitative approach was analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: There was no significant difference in quality of life parameters and pain intensity before and after treatment, but there was a significant decrease in the perception of total pain and emotional components, which was also evidenced in the qualitative reports. Conclusion: The adapted IMG protocol significantly reduced the perception of pain, especially in the emotional aspect, without significant results in the intensity of pain and quality of life of the individual.

Justificativa e objetivo: A dor fantasma (DF) é uma complicação comum da amputação de extremidades, com prevalência entre 41% e 46% dos casos. Apesar de sua fisiopatologia incerta, evidências sugerem mecanismos  multifatoriais para explicar o fenômeno doloroso, que afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida do indivíduo. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito de um protocolo de telefisioterapia para DF na qualidade de vida, intensidade e percepção da dor de indivíduos amputados de extremidades. Método: Estudo quasi-experimental com abordagem quali-quantitativa, com amostra composta por nove indivíduos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de Dor de McGill, a Escala Verbal de Dor (EVD), o Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) e ficha de avaliação elaborada no formato de entrevista, todos aplicados antes e após o protocolo de tratamento. A intervenção constituiu de uma adaptação ao protocolo de Imagens Motoras Graduadas (IMG); realizado de forma on-line pela plataforma GoogleMeet. A análise quantitativa se deu através do teste de Wilcoxon pareado para variáveis não paramétricas e correlação de Pearson. A abordagem qualitativa foi analisada pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros de qualidade de vida e intensidade da dor pré e pós tratamento, porém houve diminuição significativa da percepção de dor total e nos componentes emocionais, o que também foi evidenciado nos relatos qualitativos. Conclusão: O protocolo adaptado de IMG diminuiu significativamente a percepção de dor, especialmente no aspecto emocional, sem resultados significativos na intensidade da dor e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment of the ovaries significantly improves fertility parameters and reproductive outcomes in diminished ovarian reserve patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of infertility caused by diminished ovarian reserve has become a significant problem worldwide. The beneficial effect of PRP treatment of the ovaries has already been described, but the high-level evidence of its effectiveness has not yet been proven. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed in five databases, until March 12th, 2024. Both randomized and non-randomized studies that compared PRP treatment of the ovaries to self-control among women with diminished ovarian reserve were eligible for inclusion. Hormonal levels (Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Estradiol (E2), In-vitro fertilization parameters (Antral follicle count, oocyte, and embryo count), biochemical and spontaneous pregnancy and livebirth were measured. RESULTS: 38 eligible studies were identified reporting on 2256 women. The level of AMH rised, the level of FSH decreased significantly after the PRP treatment. AMH 1 month MD 0.20 (n = 856, p > 0.001, 95% CI: [0.12;0.28]), 2 months MD 0.26 (n = 910, p = 0.013, 95% CI: [0.07;0.44]), 3 months MD 0.36 (n = 881, p = 0.002,95% CI: [0.20;0.52]). FSH 1 month MD -10.20 (n = 796, p > 0.039, 95% CI: [-19.80;-0.61]), 2 months MD -7.02 (n = 910, p = 0.017, 95% CI: [-12.48; -1.57]), 3 months MD -8.87 (n = 809, p = 0.010, 95% CI: [-14.19; -3.55]). The antral follicle count elevated significantly MD 1.60 (n = 1418, p = < 0.001, 95% CI: [0.92; 2.27]). Significant improvement was observed in the number of retrieved oocytes MD 0.81 (n = 802, p = 0.002, 95% CI: [0.36; 1.26]), and embryos created MD 0.91 (n = 616, p = 0.001, 95% CI: [0.45;1.36]). The incidence of spontaneous pregnancy following PRP treatment showed a rate with a proportion of 0.07 (n = 1370, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12), the rate of biochemical pregnancy was 0.18 (n = 1800, 95% CI: 0.15-0.22), livebirth was 0.11 (n = 1482, 95% CI: 0.07-0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed that based on protocolized analysis of the widest scientific literature search to date, containing predominantly observational studies, PRP treatment resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the main fertility parameters of diminished ovarian reserve women. Further multicenter, randomized trials, with large patient numbers and a longer follow-up period are needed to certify our results and develop the most effective treatment protocol.

Maternal treatment with a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist during gestation has a sex-specific pro-cognitive action in offspring: mechanisms involved.

Background: There is growing evidence that the treatment of several mental disorders can potentially benefit from activation of delta-opioid receptors. In the future, delta-agonists with a safe pharmacological profile can be used for the treatment of mood disorders in pregnant women. However, the data on prenatal exposure to delta-opioid agonists are missing. The present study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the activation of delta-opioid receptors during gravidity has positive effects on the behaviour accompanied by changes in glutamate and monoamine neurotransmission. Methods: Gestating Wistar rats were chronically treated with a selective delta-agonist SNC80 or vehicle. Adult male and female offspring underwent novel object recognition (for the assessment of cognition) and open field (for the assessment of anxiety and habituation) tests, followed by in vivo electrophysiological examination of the activity of hippocampal glutamate and midbrain serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine neurons. Results: We found that the maternal treatment with SNC80 did not affect the offspring's anxiety, habituation, and 5-HT neuronal firing activity. Female offspring of SNC80-treated dams exhibited improved novelty recognition associated with decreased firing rate and burst activity of glutamate and dopamine neurons. Conclusion: Maternal treatment with delta-opioid agonists during gestation may have a pro-cognitive effect on offspring without any negative effects on anxiety and habituation. The putative pro-cognitive effect might be mediated via mechanism(s) involving the firing activity of hippocampal glutamate and mesolimbic dopamine neurons.

The esophageal pull-down technique improves the outcome of laparoscopic Heller-Dor myotomy in end-stage achalasia.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of patients with end-stage achalasia with a sigmoid-shaped esophagus is particularly challenging. A modified technique (pull-down technique) has been developed to straighten the esophageal axis, but only a limited number of studies on this topic are available in the literature. This study aimed to compare the outcome of patients who underwent the pull-down technique with that of patients who had a classical laparoscopic Heller-Dor (CLHD) myotomy. METHODS: All patients with a radiologic diagnosis of end-stage achalasia who underwent an LHD myotomy between 1995 and 2022 were considered eligible for the study. All patients underwent symptom score, barium swallow, endoscopy, and manometry tests before and after the procedure was performed. Treatment failure was defined as the persistence or reoccurrence of an Eckardt score (ES) of >3 or the need for retreatment. RESULTS: Of the 94 patients who were diagnosed with end-stage achalasia (male-to-female ratio of 52:42), 60 were treated with CLHD myotomy, and 34 were treated with the pull-down technique. Of note, 2 patients (2.1%), both belonging to the CLHD myotomy group, developed a squamous cell carcinoma during the follow-up. The overall success of LHD myotomy was seen in 76 of 92 patients (82.6%). All patients in both groups achieved a lower ES after surgery. The failure rates were 27.6% (16/58) in the CLHD myotomy group and 5.9% (2/34) in the pull-down technique group (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that LHD myotomy is an effective treatment of end-stage achalasia and that the pull-down technique further improves the outcome in patients with end-stage achalasia who are difficult to treat.

Sudden-Onset Back Pain and Intermittent Dyspnea While Eating: A Case of Pediatric Achalasia.

A 14-year-old girl with a history of asthma was hospitalized because of sudden-onset back pain around her thoracic region that spread to her chest and abdomen. She had been experiencing dysphagia and breathing difficulties for two years, especially after overeating, which often resulted in vomiting undigested food. CT imaging revealed a severely dilated esophagus narrowing at the gastroesophageal junction, suggestive of type 1 achalasia. Further testing confirmed the diagnosis, with an esophageal manometry showing a lack of esophageal contractions and sphincter relaxation. She then underwent a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with relief to her symptoms. This case underscores the rarity of pediatric-onset achalasia with significant esophageal dilation and secondary airway compression, presenting with unusual musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent worsening and complications.

Relative Age Effect Analysis in the History of the Ballon d'Or (1956-2023).

Ballon d'Or is the most important individual award in football, and is a significant measure of excellence. From our knowledge, this is the first study that explored the relative age effect (RAE) throughout the history of the Ballon d'Or. A total of 1899 football players nominated for the award from the first edition in 1956 to the most recent edition (2023) were analyzed. To assess the RAE, the birthdate distributions were categorized into four trimesters. The comparison involved correcting for the uniform distribution using chi-square analysis, with Cramer's V serving as a measure of effect size. Standardized residuals were computed to identify quarters that exhibited significant deviation from the expected values. Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals were used to identify discrepancies between trimesters. The results indicated a pronounced presence of an RAE at the global level. However, the longitudinal analysis revealed variations in the behavior of the RAE over time. In the initial decades, there is an overrepresentation of players born in the last months of the year. Subsequently, there is no discernible RAE. In the most recent decades, there has been a clear resurgence of RAE, with an overrepresentation of players born in the first quarters of the year.

Falta de conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco não ocupacionais da dor lombar entre profissionais de saúde ocupacional brasileiros: um estudo observacional transversal / Lack of knowledge about non-occupational low back pain risk factors among brazilian occupational health professionals: a cross-sectional observational study

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor lombar possui alta prevalência, sendo uma das principais causas de incapacidade no Brasil e no mundo. A dor lombar apresenta etiologia multifatorial, sendo extremamente comum em trabalhadores. OBJETIVOS: Verificar o conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco para dor lombar, crenças e atitudes sobre o manejo da dor lombar entre profissionais de saúde (fisioterapeutas e ergonomistas) atuantes na área ocupacional. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com 81 profissionais de saúde ocupacional brasileiros. Os participantes preencheram um questionário eletrônico composto por dados profissionais, sociodemográficos, itens sobre fatores de risco para dor lombar e a Brazilian version of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Conhecimentos, crenças e atitudes foram analisados por meio do teste do qui-quadrado para fatores de risco para dor lombar e um modelo de regressão linear para crenças e atitudes dos profissionais de saúde. RESULTADOS: Obesidade (7,4%), ficar sentado mais de 2 horas (8,6%), atividade física (9,9%), falta de apoio psicossocial no trabalho (11,1%) e consumo de álcool (37,0%), apresentaram os menores índices de conhecimento sobre fatores de risco da dor lombar pelos profissionais. Itens sobre saúde geral apresentaram o menor conhecimento. Uma orientação biomédica e psicossocial equilibrada de crenças e atitudes sobre o manejo da dor lombar foi observada. CONCLUSÃO: Profissionais de saúde ocupacional brasileiros carecem de conhecimento sobre os fatores de risco não ocupacionais da dor lombar, especialmente o estado geral de saúde. Esses profissionais também possuem conceitos biomédicos e psicossociais equilibrados no manejo da dor lombar.

INTRODUCTION: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and is one of the main causes of disability in Brazil and around the world. LBP presents a multifactorial etiology, being extremely common in workers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify the knowledge about the LBP risk factors, beliefs and attitudes about the management of LBP among health professionals (physiotherapists and ergonomists) working in the occupational area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 81 Brazilian occupational health professionals. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire comprising professional data, sociodemographics, items about LBP risk factors, and the Brazilian version of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists. Knowledge, beliefs and attitudes were analyzed using the chi-square test for LBP risk factors and the linear regression model for health professionals' beliefs and attitudes. RESULTS: Obesity (7.4%), sitting for more than 2 hours (8.6%), physical activity (9.9%), lack of psychosocial support at work (11.1%) and consuming alcohol (37.0%) presented the lowest rate of knowledge about LBP risk factors by professionals. Items about general health showed the lowest knowledge. A balanced biomedical and psychosocial orientation of beliefs and attitudes about managing LBP was observed. CONCLUSION: Brazilian occupational health professionals lack knowledge about non-occupational LBP risk factors, especially general health status. These professionals also have balanced biomedical and psychosocial concepts in managing LBP.

Efficiency of pulsed electromagnetic field and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on painful shoulder following stroke / Eficiência do campo eletromagnético pulsado e da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em ombro doloroso após acidente vascular cerebral

INTRODUCTION: Shoulder pain after stroke, a complication with a prevalence of up to 16­84% usually occurs after 2­3 months and leads to patients withdrawing from rehabilitation programs, staying in the hospital longer, having less limb function and having a great negative impact on their quality of life. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of PEMF and NMES in reducing shoulder pain in patients with stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized controlled trial included 51 patients with shoulder pain following stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups (17 people in each group): Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF), Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Control group. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Fugl Meyer Assessment­Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Active and Passive Range of Motion (AROM/PROM) assessed at the baseline, six weeks into the intervention, and one week into the follow-up. RESULTS: VAS score for pain showed a mean change of 1.60, 1.60 and 4.94 in PEMF, NMES, and control respectively after 20 sessions. It showed pain was significantly improved in all the groups (p<0.001), but the effectiveness of the PEMF and NMES groups was superior to the control group. CONCLUSION: The current literature showed that PEMF & NMES are effective in improving post-stroke shoulder pain, spasticity, range of motion and motor function and a novel method for stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation.

INTRODUÇÃO: Dor no ombro após acidente vascular cerebral com prevalência de 16­84% geralmente ocorre após 2­3 meses e pode resultar na suspensão de programas de reabilitação, internações hospitalares mais longas e redução da função dos membros, prejudicando qualidade de vida dos pacientes com AVC. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito da PEMF e da EENM na redução da dor no ombro em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Um estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado incluiu 51 pacientes com dor no ombro pós-AVC. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos (17 pessoas em cada grupo): grupo Campo Eletromagnético Pulsado (PEMF), grupo Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM) e grupo Controle. As medidas de resultados foram na Escala Visual Analógica (VAS), Escala de Ashworth Modificada (MAS) e Avaliação de Fugl Meyer ­ Extremidade Superior (FMA-UE), Amplitude de Movimento (AROM/PROM) foram avaliadas no início do estudo, após seis semanas de tratamento, e após um acompanhamento semanal. RESULTADOS: A pontuação VAS para dor mostrada uma alteração média de 1,60, 1,60 e 4,94 na PEMF, EENM e Controle, respectivamente, após 20 sessões. Mostrou melhora significativa entre os três grupos (p<0,001), mas a eficácia do grupo PEMF e EENM foi superior ao grupo Controle. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostrou que PEMF e EENM são eficazes na melhora da dor no ombro pós-AVC, espasticidade, amplitude de movimento e função motora e um novo método para pacientes com AVC em reabilitação. Nossas descobertas indicam que a eficácia da EENM é claramente superior à do PEMF na manutenção da analgesia a longo prazo.

Role of modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in patients with achalasia who underwent laparoscopic Heller-myotomy with Dor-fundoplication.

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammatory response is significant prognostic indicator in patients with various diseases. The relationship between prognostic scoring systems based on the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and achalasia in patients treated with laparoscopic Heller­myotomy with Dor­fundoplication (LHD) remains uninvestigated. This study aimed to examine the role of mGPS in patients with achalasia. METHODS: 457 patients with achalasia who underwent LHD as the primary surgery between September 2005 and December 2020 were included. We divided patients into the mGPS 0 and mGPS 1 or 2 groups and compared the patients' background, pathophysiology, symptoms, surgical outcomes, and postoperative course. RESULTS: mGPS was 0 in 379 patients and 1 or 2 in 78 patients. Preoperative vomiting and pneumonia were more common in patients with mGPS of 1 or 2. There were no differences in surgical outcomes. Postoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed that severe esophagitis was more frequently observed in patients with mGPS of 1 or 2 (P < 0.01). The clinical success was 91% and 99% in the mGPS 0 and mGPS 1 or 2 groups, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although severe reflux esophagitis was more common in patients with achalasia with a high mGPS, good clinical success was obtained regardless of the preoperative mGPS.

Semaphorin 3A Increases in the Plasma of Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve Who Respond Better to Controlled Ovarian Stimulation.

Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) plays a crucial role in the development, differentiation, and plasticity of specific types of neurons that secrete Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and regulates the acquisition and maintenance of reproductive competence in humans and mice. Its insufficient expression has been linked to reproductive disorders in humans, which are characterized by reduced or failed sexual competence. Various mutations, polymorphisms, and alternatively spliced variants of SEMA3A have been associated with infertility. One of the common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age is diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), characterized by a reduced ovarian follicular pool. Despite its clinical significance, there are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria or therapeutic interventions for DOR. In this study, we analyzed the SEMA3A plasma levels in 77 women and investigated their potential role in influencing fertility in patients with DOR. The results revealed that the SEMA3A levels were significantly higher in patients with DOR than in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, the SEMA3A levels were increased in patients who underwent fertility treatment and had positive Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (ßHCG) values (ß+) after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) compared to those who had negative ßHCG values (ß-). These findings may serve as the basis for future investigations into the diagnosis of infertility and emphasize new possibilities for the SEMA3A-related treatment of sexual hormonal dysfunction that leads to infertility.

Analysis of the metabolic profile and comorbidities in women with endometriosis before and after surgical treatment / Análise do perfil metabólico e comorbidades em mulheres com endometriose antes e depois do tratamento cirúrgico

Aim: this study aimed to evaluate the effects of surgical treatment for endometriosis on the metabolic profile of women diagnosed with deep endometriosis. Methods: we conducted a prospective observational study with a sample of 30 women in the menacme diagnosed with deep endometriosis who underwent videolaparoscopic surgery in a reference center in Brazil between October 2020 and December 2021. A total of 30 women performed clinical and laboratory tests regarding their metabolic profile on two occasions, during preoperative tests and six months after video-laparoscopy. Results: patients had lower average levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglycerides (TGC), and Fasting Glycemia (FG) after the surgical procedure. The average TC level was 8.2% lower after surgery, LDL-c was 12.8% lower, TGC was 10.9% lower, and FG was 7.3% lower. The results showed a statistically significant difference for all these parameters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: video-laparoscopy was associated with a favorable lipid profile compared to the preoperative lipid profile, with a significant improvement in the average levels of LDL-c, HDL-c, TC, TGC, and FG. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine whether surgical treatment for endometriosis can improve the metabolic parameters of women with endometriosis and favor a lower predisposition to atherogenesis.

Objetivo: Aeste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento cirúrgico da endometriose no perfil metabólico de mulheres com diagnóstico de endometriose profunda. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional prospectivo com uma amostra de 30 mulheres na menacme, com diagnóstico de endometriose profunda, que foram submetidas à videolaparoscopia em um centro de referência no Brasil, entre outubro de 2020 e dezembro de 2021. As mulheres realizaram exames clínicos e laboratoriais quanto ao seu perfil metabólico em duas ocasiões, durante exames pré-operatórios e seis meses após a videolaparoscopia. Resultados: as pacientes apresentaram níveis médios mais baixos de Colesterol Total (CT), Colesterol de Baixa Densidade (LDL-c), Triglicerídeos (TGC) e Glicemia de Jejum (GJ) após o procedimento cirúrgico. O nível médio de CT foi 8,2% menor após a cirurgia, o LDL-c foi 12,8% menor, o TGC foi 10,9% menor e a GJ foi 7,3% menor. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa para todos esses parâmetros (p < 0,001). Conclusões: a videolaparoscopia foi associada a um perfil lipídico favorável em comparação ao perfil lipídico pré-operatório, com melhora significativa nos níveis médios de LDL-c, HDL-c, CT, TGC e GJ. Estudos de acompanhamento a longo prazo são necessários para determinar se o tratamento cirúrgico da endometriose pode melhorar os parâmetros metabólicos de mulheres com endometriose e favorecer uma menor predisposição à aterogênese.

Understanding the Mechanisms of Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Insights from Genetic Variants and Regulatory Factors.

Delaying childbearing age has become a trend in modern times, but it has also led to a common challenge in clinical reproductive medicine-diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Since the mechanism behind DOR is unknown and its clinical features are complex, physicians find it difficult to provide targeted treatment. Many factors affect ovarian reserve function, and existing studies have shown that genetic variants, upstream regulatory genes, and changes in protein expression levels are present in populations with reduced ovarian reserve function. However, existing therapeutic regimens often do not target the genetic profile for more individualized treatment. In this paper, we review the types of genetic variants, mutations, altered expression levels of microRNAs, and other related factors and their effects on the regulation of follicular development, as well as altered DNA methylation. We hope this review will have significant implications for the future treatment of individuals with reduced ovarian reserve.

Differential expression of follicular fluid exosomal microRNA in women with diminished ovarian reserve.

PURPOSE: Decreased ovarian reserve function is mainly characterized by female endocrine disorders and fertility decline. Follicular fluid (FF) exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate the function of granulosa cells (GCs). The present study explored differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). METHODS: FF was collected from 12 DOR patients and 12 healthy controls. DEmiRNAs between the two groups were identified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology and validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: A total of 592 DEmiRNAs were identified using high-throughput miRNA sequencing, of which 213 were significantly upregulated and 379 were significantly downregulated. The sequencing results were further validated by RT-qPCR. These DEmiRNA target genes were mainly involved in the cancer pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, and biological processes related to protein binding, nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. CONCLUSION: FF exosomal miRNAs are significantly differentially expressed in DOR patients versus non-DOR patients, underscoring their crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis of DOR.

Dolor lumbar crónico y la conducta sedentaria en estudiantes universitarios de medicina / Chronic Low Back Pain and Sedentary Behavior in Medical College Students / Dor lombar crônica e comportamento sedentário em estudantes universitários de medicina

Introducción: el dolor lumbar (dl) es una condición frecuente en los estudiantes de medicina y a partir de ahí se identifican diversos factores de riesgo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de dlen los últimos 12 meses y la conducta sedentaria en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico, prospectivo observacional, en el que participaron 167 encuestados. La conducta sedentaria se evaluó junto con la actividad física, a través del Cuestionario Mundial sobre Actividad Física; mientras que el dlse midió con el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka de Trastornos Musculoesqueléticos. Además, se valoraron variables demográficas y académicas como sexo, edad y ciclo universitario de los participantes. Resultados: se encontró una frecuencia de dldel 67.7 % y una media de conducta sedentaria de 9.5 horas (dt = 3.04). En el análisis mul-tivariado se halló que para cada hora sentado se aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de padecer dl (or = 1.17; p = 0.013). Los estudiantes que permanecen de 10 a más horas sentados/recostados presentan un aumento de riesgo de padecer dl(ora = 4.13; p = 0.001) frente a los que permanecen menos de 10 horas en estas posiciones. Conclusión: por cada hora en posición sedente/recostado, aumenta en 15 % el odds ratio de sufrir dlen los estudiantes, así como que acumular de 10 a más horas al día en posición sedente/recostado aumenta significativamente el padecer dl en los últimos 12 meses.

Introduction: Low back pain is a common condition among medical students, with various risk factors identified. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the presence of low back pain in the last 12 months (lbp) and sedentary behavior in medical students at a private university. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical, prospective observational study was conducted with 167 respon-dents (101 women and 66 men). The main measurements in this study included sedentary behavior and low back pain in the last 12 months. Sedentary behavior was assessed along with physical activity through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (gpaq), while low back pain was measured using the Kuorinka Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. In addition, demographic and academic variables such as gender, age, and academic cycle of the participants were assessed. Results: A frequency of low back pain of 67.7% and an average sedentary behavior of 9.5 hours (sd = 3.04) were found, 70.1% maintain a healthy level of physical activity. Greater sedentary behavior was found to be associated with a greater presence of lbp. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that for each hour seated, the likelihood of suffering lbpsignificantly increased (or = 1.17; p = 0.013). Students who remain seated/reclined for 10 or more hours have an increased risk of suffering low back pain (aor = 4.13; p = 0.001) compared to those who spend less than 10 hours in these positions. Conclusion: It is observed that for each hour in a seated/reclined position, the odds ratio of suffering low back pain in students increases by 15%, and accumulating 10 or more hours a day in a seated/reclined position significantly increases the suffering of low back pain in the last 12 months.

Introdução: a dor lombar é uma condição comum entre os estudantes de medicina, com diversos fatores de risco identificados. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a presença de dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses (dl) e o comportamento sedentário em estudantes de medicina de uma universidade privada. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico, observacional prospectivo com 167 respondentes (101 mulheres e 66 homens). As principais medidas neste estudo incluíram o comportamento sedentário e a dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses. O comportamento sedentário foi ava-liado juntamente com a atividade física através do Questionário Mundial sobre Atividade Física (gpaq), enquanto a dor lombar foi medida usando o questionário nórdico de Kuorinka de transtornos muscu-loesqueléticos. Além disso, foram avaliadas variáveis demográficas e acadêmicas como o sexo, a idade e o ciclo acadêmico dos participantes. Resultados: foi encontrada uma frequência de dor lombar de 67,7% e uma média de comportamento sedentário de 9,5 horas (dp = 3,04), 70,1% mantêm um nível saudável de atividade física. Um maior comportamento sedentário foi encontrado associado a uma maior presença de dl. Na análise multivariada, verificou-se que para cada hora sentada, a probabilidade de sofrer dlaumenta significativamente (or = 1,17; p = 0,013). Estudantes que permanecem sentados/reclinados por 10 ou mais horas têm um risco aumentado de sofrer dor lombar (ora = 4,13; p = 0,001) em comparação com aqueles que passam menos de 10 horas nessas posições. Conclusão: observa-se que para cada hora em posição sentada/reclinada, a razão de chances de sofrer dor lombar nos estudantes aumenta em 15%, e acumular 10 ou mais horas por dia em posição sentada/reclinada aumenta significativamente o sofri-mento de dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses.

miR-6881-3p contributes to diminished ovarian reserve by regulating granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting SMAD4.

BACKGROUND: In our previous investigation, we revealed a significant increase in the expression of microRNA-6881-3p (miR-6881-3p) in follicular fluid granulosa cells (GCs) from women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) compared to those with normal ovarian reserve (NOR). However, the role of miR-6881-3p in the development of DOR remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to elucidate the involvement of miR-6881-3p in the regulation of granulosa cells (GCs) function and the pathogenesis of DOR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, we assessed the expression levels of miR-6881-3p in GCs obtained from human follicular fluid in both NOR and DOR cases and explored the correlation between miR-6881-3p expression and clinical outcomes in assisted reproduction technology (ART). Bioinformatic predictions and dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify the target gene of miR-6881-3p. Manipulation of miR-6881-3p expression was achieved through the transfection of KGN cells with miR-6881-3p mimics, inhibitor, and miRNA negative control (NC). Following transfection, we assessed granulosa cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression via flow cytometry and quantified target gene expression through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) analysis. Finally, we examined the correlation between target gene expression levels in GCs from NOR and DOR patients and their association with ART outcomes. RESULTS: Our findings revealed elevated miR-6881-3p levels in GCs from DOR patients, which negatively correlated with ovarian reserve function and ART outcomes. We identified a direct binding interaction between miR-6881-3p and the 3'-untranslated region of the SMAD4. Transfection with miR-6881-3p mimics induced apoptosis in KGN cell. Furthermore, miR-6881-3p expression negatively correlated with both mRNA and protein levels of the SMAD4. The mRNA and protein levels of SMAD4 were notably reduced in GCs from DOR patients, and SMAD4 mRNA expression positively correlated with ART outcomes. In addition, the mRNA levels of FSHR, CYP11A1 were notably reduced after transfection with miR-6881-3p mimics in KGN cell, while LHCGR notably increased. The mRNA and protein levels of FSHR, CYP11A1 were notably reduced in GCs from DOR patients, while LHCGR notably increased. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the role of miR-6881-3p in directly targeting SMAD4 mRNA, subsequently diminishing granulosa cell viability and promoting apoptosis, and may affect steroid hormone regulation and gonadotropin signal reception in GCs. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of DOR.

Atuação do enfermeiro de suporte imediato de vida na dor torácica: realidades do interior norte de Portugal / The role of the immediate life support nurse in chest pain: realities in the northern interior of Portugal

[{"text": "A dor torácica (DTC) aguda é o sintoma comum de Síndrome Coronário Agudo (SCA), que mais frequentemente leva as pessoas a procurarem cuidados de emergência no mundo. Dois terços das mortes por eventos coronários agudos ocorrem por arritmias fatais, em ambiente pré-hospitalar. O reconhecimento rápido de sintomas é mandatório para redução da mortalidade. O Enfermeiro SIV tem um papel fundamental na a determinação do diagnóstico célere e, no tratamento adequado da pessoa com SCA. Objetivos: Visando conhecer a atuação do enfermeiro Suporte Imediato de Vida (SIV) nas ocorrências de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA, relativamente às ambulâncias SIV de dois distritos do interior norte de Portugal, delinearam-se como objetivos específicos: (i) Analisar as ativações das ambulâncias SIV para ocorrências de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA, relativamente às características sociodemográficas e geográficas; (ii) Identificar o perfil de risco cardiovascular (verificável) nas ocorrências de DTC, da pessoa com suspeita de SCA, por ambulâncias SIV; (iii) Identificar os fatores de risco cardiovasculares (FRCV) modificáveis (verificáveis) nas ocorrências de DTC, da pessoa com suspeita de SCA, por ambulância SIV; (iv) Conhecer os tempos de resposta do pré-hospitalar nos diferentes momentos do socorro, nas ocorrências de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA; (v) Analisar a atuação do Enfermeiro tendo por base, a utilização do protocolo da DTC e, complementares, por ambulância SIV; (vi) Verificar a melhoria de sintomatologia decorrente da atuação do enfermeiro SIV em ocorrência de DTC, da pessoa com suspeita de SCA; (vii) Identificar episódios de complicações ocorridas durante a atuação do enfermeiro SIV, em situações de DTC, na pessoa com suspeita de SCA. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo, analítico transversal, de cariz quantitativo, envolvendo uma amostra por conveniência de 75 ativações para DTC, com suspeita de SCA, nas ambulâncias SIV do interior norte de Portugal, no período compreendido entre 01 junho de 2017 e o 31 de dezembro de 2018. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de um IRD concebido para o efeito. Resultados: É predominante o sexo masculino, nas ativações de DTC, com suspeita de SCA, sendo a idade média de 65,90 anos na SIV 1 e, na SIV 2 de 72,33 anos. Na SIV 2 verificou-se que, entre o sexo masculino e a idade, existe relação estatística significativa (p=0,013), apresentando este uma idade inferior (

Gestão da dor aguda pós-operatória na artroplastia da anca: eficácia analgésica do bloqueio de nervo periférico de dose única / Management of acute postoperative pain in hip arthroplasty: analgesic efficacy of single-dose peripheral nerve blocks

O Estágio Profissional visa o desenvolvimento das competências comuns e especificas para uma determinada área de especialidade, neste caso a Enfermagem de Médico-cirúrgica na área da pessoa em situação critica. As competências de investigação foram desenvolvidas com um estudo sobre a dor aguda do pós-operatório, uma vez que é um problema de saúde pública fundamentado pela sua prevalência, potenciais complicações e subtratamento. A opção pela gestão da dor aguda nos doentes submetidos a artroplastia primária da anca justificou-se por ser uma cirurgia cada vez mais comum, pela relação que se estabelece com a patologia osteoarticular degenerativa e o envelhecimento da população, e porque a dor pós-operatória associada a este procedimento se manifesta habitualmente por dor moderada a intensa. Objetivos: Analisar o processo de aquisição de competências para a prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação critica. Caracterizar os níveis de intensidade de dor (em repouso e em movimento), os efeitos adversos (bloqueio motor, sensitivo e efeitos sistémicos) e a necessidade de analgesia de resgate, em doentes submetidos a artroplastia primária da anca, com recurso a técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única; verificar a relação existente entre os níveis de intensidade de dor, os efeitos adversos, a necessidade de analgesia de resgate e de reavaliação depois das 24 horas, com as técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única; verificar a relação entre a presença de efeitos secundários sistémicos com o uso de analgesia de resgate e de analgesia sistémica. Métodos: Estudo analítico-correlacional e retrospetivo. Foram incluídos 994 doentes submetidos a Artroplastia Total Primária da Anca e submetidos a técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única [bloqueio de nervo femoral (BNF) + cutâneo lateral da coxa (CLC); bloqueio do grupo nervoso pericapsular (PENG) + Cutâneo lateral da coxa (CLC); Bloqueio da fáscia ilíaca (BFI)], seguidos numa Unidade de Dor Aguda de um hospital da região Norte, no período compreendido entre 1 de janeiro de 2013 e 15 outubro de 2023. Foram salvaguardados os princípios éticos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva e inferencial, com recurso ao programa Python Programming Language (versão 3.12). Resultados: O estágio permitiu o desenvolvimento de competências para a prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação critica. No estudo, no total de doentes, o BNF+CLC foi utilizado em 77,5%, o PENG+CLC em 14,4% e o BFI em 8,1%, todos os doentes foram avaliados às 24 horas após o procedimento cirúrgico. A maioria doentes referiu ausência de dor em repouso (82,7%) e dor ligeira em movimento (55,2%). Os principais efeitos adversos identificados foram o bloqueio sensitivo com parestesias em pequena área (13%), o bloqueio motor com ligeira diminuição da força muscular (4,9%) e as náuseas e vómitos (3,5%). Apenas 7,8% necessitaram de analgesia de resgate. As hipóteses propostas não se confirmaram, exceto uma diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparados os grupos de BNF+CLC e PENG+CLC em relação ao bloqueio sensitivo (p = 0.036) e a comparação dos grupos com administração de paracetamol e paracetamol+tramadol em relação aos efeitos adversos sistémicos (p = 0.047). Conclusão: A avaliação efetuada pelos enfermeiros da UDA, nas primeiras 24 horas após ATA, com recurso a técnicas de bloqueio de nervo periférico dose única em combinação com analgesia sistémica, revela uma adequada gestão da dor aguda do pós-operatório. A necessidade de analgesia de resgate foi muito reduzida e os efeitos adversos associados à analgesia estiveram ausentes na maioria dos doentes. Os doentes submetidos a PENG+CLC apresentaram menor grau de bloqueio sensitivo do que os submetidos a BNF+CLC.

The Professional Internship aims at developing common and specific skills for a particular area of expertise, in this case, Medical-Surgical Nursing in the individual critical care setting. Research skills were developed through a study on acute postoperative pain, as it is a public health problem justified by its prevalence, potential complications, and under treatment. The choice to focus on the management of acute pain in patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty was justified due to its increasing prevalence, its relationship with degenerative osteoarticular pathology and the aging population, and because postoperative pain associated with this procedure typically manifests as moderate to severe pain. Objective: Analyse the process of acquiring skills for providing care to individuals in critical situations. Characterize the levels of pain intensity (at rest and in motion), adverse effects (motor and sensory block, systemic effects), and the need for rescue analgesia in patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty using single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques. Examine the relationship between pain intensity levels, adverse effects, the need for rescue analgesia, and reassessment after 24 hours with single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques. Investigate the correlation between the presence of systemic side effects and the use of rescue analgesia and systemic analgesia. Methodology: Analytical-correlational and retrospective study. A total of 994 patients who underwent Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty and received single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques [femoral nerve block (FNB) + Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (LFCN); Pericapsular nerve block (PENG) + Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (LFCN); Iliac fascia block (IFB)] were included in the study. These patients were followed in an Acute Pain Unit of a hospital in the Northern region between January 1, 2013, and October 15, 2023. Ethical principles were adhered to. The data underwent descriptive and inferential analysis using the Python Programming Language (version 3.12). Results: The internship allowed the development of skills for providing care to individuals in critical situations. In the study, among the total number of patients, FNB+LFCN was used in 77.5%, PENG+LFCN in 14.4%, and IFB in 8.1%. All patients were assessed 24 hours after the surgical procedure. The majority of patients reported no pain at rest (82.7%) and mild pain during movement (55.2%). The main identified adverse effects were sensory block with paresthesias in a small area (13%), motor block with slight decrease in muscle strength (4.9%), and nausea and vomiting (3.5%). Only 7.8% required rescue analgesia. The proposed hypotheses were not confirmed, except for a statistically significant difference when comparing the FNB+LFCN and PENG+LFCN groups regarding sensory block (p = 0.036) and the comparison of groups with administration of paracetamol and paracetamol+tramadol regarding systemic adverse effects (p = 0.047). Conclusion: The evaluation conducted by the nurses in the Acute Pain Unit (UDA) in the first 24 hours after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty, using single-dose peripheral nerve block techniques in combination with systemic analgesia, reveals an adequate management of acute postoperative pain. The need for rescue analgesia was greatly reduced, and adverse effects associated with analgesia were absent in the majority of patients. Patients undergoing PENG+LFCN showed a lower degree of sensory block than those undergoing FNB+LFCN.

Análise das vivências de enfermeiros de urgência no controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica / Analysing the experiences of emergency nurses in managing the pain of people in critical condition

O controlo da dor abarca todas as intervenções destinadas à sua prevenção e tratamento. Sempre que o enfermeiro preveja a ocorrência de dor ou avalie a sua presença, deve intervir na promoção de cuidados que a aliviem ou reduzam para níveis considerados toleráveis pela pessoa, gerindo ações farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas, para garantir o bem-estar físico, psicossocial e espiritual do indivíduo. Objetivo: Identificar as principais intervenções, sentimentos e limitações vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros de urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde, no que concerne ao controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo com enfoque fenomenológico, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, numa amostra de 6 enfermeiros de um Banco de Urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde. Foram realizadas entrevistas por videochamada, conforme a disponibilidade dos participantes, recorrendo-se a um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, com 8 questões, sendo feita análise de conteúdo. Resultado: Os enfermeiros da amostra relataram um leque de sentimentos, uns negativos e outros positivos, relativamente às necessidades de intervenções para controlo da dor nos doentes críticos. Como negativos obtiveram-se: ansiedade, stress, desanimo, impotência, angustia, esgotamento físico, entre outros. Os sentimentos positivos percecionados foram a empatia, comunicação e humanismo. Verbalizaram utilizar medidas de enfermagem interdependentes e autónomas, para controlo da dor dos doentes críticos no SU. Todos recorrem às medidas farmacológicas, segundo prescrição médica. Foram reconhecidas algumas intervenções não farmacológicas, voltadas para a promoção do conforto, tais como adequação do posicionamento, aplicação de calor e frio e massagens. Das principais limitações apontadas surgiram como subcategorias: Défice ou falta de formação no controlo da dor e Carência de recursos humanos. Conclusão: O estudo revelou uma gama complexa de sentimentos nos enfermeiros de urgência da amostra, destacando alguns desafios emocionais e algumas estratégias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas no controle da dor em pacientes críticos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de abordagens abrangentes que promovam tanto o bem-estar emocional dos enfermeiros quanto ao aprimoramento das práticas no controlo da dor em ambientes de urgência. Para tal, urge reverter a escassez de recursos humanos, bem como promover a formação específica destes enfermeiros na gestão da dor.

Pain control encompasses all interventions aimed at its prevention and treatment. Whenever the nurse predicts the occurrence of pain or assesses its presence, he or she must intervene to promote care that alleviates it or reduces it to levels considered tolerable by the person, managing pharmacological and non-pharmacological actions, to ensure physical and psychosocial well-being. and spirituality of the individual. Objective: To identify the main interventions, feelings and limitations experienced by emergency nurses on an island in Cape Verde, with regard to controlling the pain of people in critical situations. Methodology: A qualitative study was developed with a phenomenological focus, of an exploratory and descriptive nature, on a sample of 6 nurses from an Emergency Bank on an island in Cape Verde. Interviews were carried out via video call, depending on the participants' availability, using a semi-structured interview guide, with 8 questions, and content analysis was carried out. Result: The nurses in the sample reported a range of feelings, some negative and others positive, regarding the need for interventions to control pain in critically ill patients. The following were negative: anxiety, stress, discouragement, impotence, anguish, physical exhaustion, among others. The positive feelings perceived were empathy, communication and humanism. They verbalized the use of interdependent and autonomous nursing measures to control the pain of critically ill patients in the ED. Everyone resorts to pharmacological measures, according to medical prescription. Some non- pharmacological interventions were recognized, aimed at promoting comfort, such as adjusting positioning, applying heat and cold and massages. Of the main limitations highlighted, the following subcategories emerged: Deficit or lack of training in pain control and Lack of human resources. Conclusion: The study revealed a complex range of feelings in the emergency nurses in the sample, highlighting some emotional challenges and some pharmacological and non- pharmacological strategies in controlling pain in critically ill patients. The results point to the need for comprehensive approaches that promote both the emotional well-being of nurses and the improvement of pain control practices in emergency environments. To this end, there is an urgent need to reverse the shortage of human resources, as well as promote the specific training of these nurses in pain management.

Características da dor em utentes atendidos no serviço de urgência, avaliados pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester / Characteristics of pain in emergency department patients assessed using the Manchester triage system

A dor é o 5º sinal vital e o seu controlo eficaz é um dever dos profissionais, um direito dos doentes e um avanço para efetiva humanização das Unidades de Saúde. A experiência e gestão da dor constituem elementos centrais na prestação de cuidados de saúde, especialmente em contextos de urgência. A dor é o motivo mais comum que leva os doentes a deslocarem-se ao Serviço de Urgência. Objetivos: O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi descrever características da dor dos utentes avaliados pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester em serviços de urgência básica e de urgência geral médico- cirúrgica, de um Centro Hospitalar da região centro de Portugal, no ano de 2022. Metodologia: A metodologia adotada consistiu num estudo epidemiológico descritivo transversal correlacional de natureza quantitativa. Resultados: Foram analisados dados pseudo anonimizados de uma população de 139149 admissões nos Serviços de Urgência de um Centro Hospitalar no centro dos pais. Sendo selecionada a amostra segundo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos. A recolha de dados foi solicitada ao gabinete de controlo e gestão da mesma instituição. Os dados foram analisados com recurso a estatística descritiva. Constatou-se que 60,59% dos doentes que recorreram aos serviços de urgência foram avaliados pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester com dor. Verificou- se uma predominância do sexo feminino 54,7%, em termos de faixa etária observa-se que o maior número de registos ocorre entre os 45 e 54 anos. Observou-se que os problemas nos membros foi o motivo mais referido. E a intensidade da dor mais sentida foi a moderada, correspondendo ao intervalo entre 5 e 7 na escala numérica. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo revelam aspetos importantes acerca da experiência e gestão da dor no Serviço de Urgência. Sendo o enfermeiro o primeiro profissional de saúde a obter contacto com o doente que se desloca ao SU, é o qualificado responsável para avaliar e priorizar a pessoa no momento da sua chegada ao serviço, tendo um papel preponderante na avaliação da sua dor, necessitando para isso de estar sensibilizado para esta problemática, para a promoção de boas práticas na gestão da dor.

Pain is the 5th vital sign and its effective control is a duty of professionals, a right of patients and an advance for the effective humanization of Health Units. Pain experience and management are central elements in the provision of health care, especially in emergency settings. Pain is the most common reason that leads patients to go to the Emergency Department. Objectives: The general objective of the present study was to describe pain characteristics of patients evaluated by the Manchester triage system in basic emergency and general medical-surgical emergency services, of a Hospital Center in the central region of Portugal, in the year 2022. Methodology: The methodology adopted consisted of a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study of a quantitative nature. Results: Pseudo-anonymized data from a population of 139149 admissions to the Emergency Department of a Hospital Center in the parents' center were analyzed. The sample was selected according to the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection was requested from the control and management office of the same institution. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was found that 60.59% of the patients who went to the emergency department were evaluated by the Manchester triage system for pain. There was a predominance of females (54.7%), in terms of age group, the highest number of registrations occurs between 45 and 54 years old. It was observed that limb problems were the most frequently reported reason. And the intensity of the most felt pain was moderate, corresponding to the interval between 5 and 7 on the numerical scale. Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal important aspects about the experience and management of pain in the Emergency Department. As the nurse is the first health professional to have contact with the patient who goes to the ED, he is the qualified person responsible for evaluating and prioritizing the person at the time of their arrival at the service, having a preponderant role in the evaluation of their pain, and for this they need to be sensitized to this problem, for the promotion of good practices in pain management.