Bis(ethyl-enedi-ammonium) µ-ethyl-enedi-aminetetra-acetato-1κ3 O,N,O':2κ3 O'',N',O'''-bis-[tri-oxidomolybdate(VI)] tetra-hydrate.

The title compound, (C2H10N2)2[(C10H12N2O8)(MoO3)2]·4H2O, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group, was obtained by mixing molybdenum oxide, ethyl-enedi-amine and ethyl-enedi-amine-tetra-acetic acid (H4edta) in a 2:4:1 ratio. The complex anion contains two MoO3 units bridged by an edta4- anion. The midpoint of the central C-C bond of the edta4- anion is located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The independent Mo atom is tridentately coordin-ated by a nitro-gen atom and two carboxyl-ate groups of the edta4- ligand, together with the three oxo ligands, producing a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment. In the three-dimensional supra-molecular crystal structure, the dinuclear anions, the organo-ammonium counter-ions and the solvent water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯Ow, N-H⋯Oedta and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Comparative Analysis of Tentacle Extract and Nematocyst Venom: Toxicity, Mechanism, and Potential Intervention in the Giant Jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai.

The giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai sting can cause local and systemic reactions; however, comparative analysis of the tentacle extract (TE) and nematocyst venom extract (NV), and its toxicity, mechanism, and potential intervention are still limited. This study compared venom from TE and NV for their composition, toxicity, and efficacy in vitro and in vivo used RAW264.7 cells and ICR mice. A total of 239 and 225 toxin proteins were identified in TE and NV by proteomics, respectively. Pathological analysis revealed that TE and NV caused heart and liver damage through apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation, while TE exhibited higher toxicity ex vivo and in vivo. Biochemical markers indicated TE and NV elevated creatine kinase, lactatedehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase, with the TE group showing a more significant increase. Transcriptomics and Western blotting indicated both venoms increased cytokines expression and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, 1 mg/kg PACOCF3 (the phospholipase A2 inhibitor) improved survival from 16.7% to 75% in mice. Our results indicate that different extraction methods impact venom activities, tentacle autolysis preserves toxin proteins and their toxicity, and PACOCF3 is a potential antidote, which establishes a good extraction method of jellyfish venom, expands our understanding of jellyfish toxicity, mechanism, and provides a promising intervention.

Honeycomb-like macroporous crosslinked chitosan assisted EDTA-intercalated Ca-Mg-Al layered hydrotalcite composite foams for efficient U(VI) biosorption.

The biosorption is considered to be highly efficient for the separation of radionuclide from radioactive wastewater. Herein, the crosslinked chitosan assisted EDTA intercalated Ca-Mg-Al layered double hydroxides composite foam (CS-EDTA-LDH) was synthesized by combining EDTA intercalation and freeze-drying methods. The macroporous and ultralight properties of CS-EDTA-LDH facilitates its rapid adsorption and facile recovery, and the inorganic/organic incorporation can avoid pore collapse and provide numerous adsorption sites, while the EDTA intercalation can enhance the complex capture of U(VI). The CS-EDTA-LDH presents various functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups) for U(VI) adsorption, and the adsorption capacity for U(VI) reached 272.3 mg/g at pH 5.0 and 298 K. The adsorption kinetics of U(VI) conformed to PSO equation, whereas the isotherms conformed to the Freundlich model, indicating heterogeneous adsorption with diffusion process as a rate-controlling step. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that U(VI) adsorption by CS-EDTA-LDH is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The adsorption mechanism is related to the synergic complexation by multi-functional groups, ion exchange, and possible isomeric substitution. Overall, CS-EDTA-LDH could be a promising biosorbent for the cleanup of radioactive pollution due to its high performance for U(VI) adsorption and facile recovery.

A new strategy for immobilization of copper on the Fe3O4@EDTA nanocomposite and its efficient catalytic applications in reduction and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes and also N-acetylation of arylamines.

A new and efficient Cu(II)-containing mesoporous nanocatalytic system was synthesized by direct immobilization of copper metal powder on the Fe3O4@EDTA nanocomposite. The as-prepared Fe3O4@EDTA@Cu(II) nanocomposite was then characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, SEM-based EDX and elemental mapping, XPS, TGA, VSM, and also BET and BJH analyses. The resulting Fe3O4@EDTA@Cu(II) mesoporous nanocomposite exhibited satisfactory catalytic activity towards the reduction and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes and also N-acetylation of arylamines in water at 60 °C. Notably, the applied Cu(II)-containing nanocatalyst was efficiently recovered from the reaction mixture using an external magnetic field and could be reused successfully for five cycles. The protocol developed in this study offers several advantages in terms of mild reaction conditions, simple workflows, using water as a green solvent, and easy recovery and catalyst reuse, making it more ecologically and economically attractive.

Addressing stability issues of vildagliptin: Method optimization and validation for accurate analysis in human plasma.

This research paper introduces novel strategies to address the stability issues arising with vildagliptin, marking the first attempt to tackle this challenge comprehensively. The study incorporates malic acid into the human plasma, a crucial step in stabilizing vildagliptin and preventing its degradation. Additionally, optimization of the elution process on a C18 Asentis Express column, fine-tuned with a combination of acetonitrile and ammonium trifluoroacetate 5mM, ensures optimal chromatographic conditions. For detection and quantification, electrospray ionization (ESI) is employed, monitoring multiple reactions for vildagliptin (304.2 → 154.2) and vildagliptin D7 (311.1 → 161.2). Meticulous validation of the method demonstrates high accuracy (97.30%-104.15%) and precision [(0.32%-3.09% coefficient of variance (CV)] for vildagliptin calibration curve standards (CC STD), establishing its sensitivity and reliability in measuring vildagliptin levels. This refined methodology offers numerous advantages, including the elimination of stability concerns, reduced human plasma sample volume (100 µL), exceptional reproducibility, shortened run time (~2.2 min), and a wide concentration range (1.00 to 851.81 ng/mL). These attributes make it exceptionally well-suited for diverse research applications, spanning from extensive sampling in therapeutic drug monitoring units to bioequivalence and bioavailability studies, as well as pharmacokinetic investigations of vildagliptin.

Colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) in water using tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) as an indicator.

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) poses a serious risk to both human and environment health. Hence, a simple, robust, and efficient analytical method must be developed to monitor the presence of Cr(VI) in the environment. The current investigation concentrated on the colorimetric detection of Cr(VI) using TMB as indicator in the presence of H2O2. The study found that Cr(VI) reacts with H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals which oxidize TMB in a concentration dependent manner. Under optimized conditions, the method obtained a good linearity range (0.025-0.5 mg/L, r2 = 0.9944) with LOD and LOQ of 0.009 mg/L and 0.029 mg/L, respectively. The technique was further improved by the addition of EDTA in the sample preparation protocol to reduce the false positive result by the presence of ions like Cu2+, Fe3+, etc. The study recorded improved Cr(VI) recoveries (81.73-111.40 %) at different fortification levels (0.1-0.5 mg/L). Under optimized conditions, the EDTA added method obtained a good linear response (r2 = 0.9952) with a detection limit of 0.023 mg/L which is less than the prescribed limits by WHO (0.05 mg/L) and US EPA (0.1 mg/L) for drinking water. The developed analytical method is very simple without use of any nanomaterial and the results with natural water samples show that it has the potential for real-time detection of Cr(VI) in the environment.

A SEM/EDS evaluation of debris removal of used rotary Ni-Ti endodontic files by four different cleaning solutions.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies levels of four cleaning solutions for removing debris from rotary Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) endodontic instruments. Materials and methods: Twelve instruments that fractured during ex vivo instrumentation were used. Fractured surfaces were investigated by SEM before and after 3, 6 and 9 min of ultrasonic cleaning in 17 % EDTA.3NaOH (Group A), 2.5 % NaOCl (Group B), Dentasept 3H Rapide (Group C) and ZymeX™ (Group D) solutions. EDS analyses of selected files from all four groups of untreated and ultrasonically cleaned samples were performed to assess the elemental composition of the alloy surfaces. Results: SEM analysis revealed that after 9 min of ultrasonic agitation, all four investigated solutions had cleaned fractured surfaces. However, some low-atomic-number regions exhibited random distributions on the fractured surfaces. EDS analyses indicated that only C was retained on surface after 9 min of ultrasonic cleaning. This finding was common in all tested groups. Conclusions: All four investigated solutions substantially removed debris from the surfaces of the Ni-Ti files and were considered appropriate for clinical practice.

Impacts of chloride ions on the electrochemical decomplexation and degradation of Cr(III)-EDTA: Reaction mechanisms of HO• and RCS.

The removal of Cr(III)-organic complexes, encompassing both decomplexation and ligand degradation, presents significant challenges in industrial wastewater treatment. As one of the most common anions in wastewater, Cl- significantly improves the efficiency of electrochemically removing Cr(III)-organic complexes through generated reactive chlorine species (RCS). In the electrochemical chlorine (EC/Cl2) process, extensive experimentation revealed that ClO• plays a dominant role in the degradation of Cr(III)-EDTA, surpassing the effects of free chlorine, direct electrooxidation, HO•, and other RCS. Density functional theory calculations indicated that RCS, primarily Cl• and ClO•, preferentially oxidize the ligand in Cr(III)-EDTA via H-abstraction, whereas HO• trends to attack the Cr atom through electron transfer. The influential factors on the degradation efficiency of Cr(III)-EDTA, Cr(VI) yield, and total organic carbon removal in EC/Cl2 were also assessed, including Cl- concentration, current density, and pH. Real industrial wastewater was employed as a reaction matrix to evaluate the application of the EC/Cl2 process for treating Cr(III)-EDTA, accompanied by energy efficiency calculations. Additionally, a two-chamber reactor was established to simultaneously oxidize Cr(III)-EDTA at the anode and reduce Cr(VI) at the cathode. This study provided insight into developing RCS-dominated AOPs to effectively decomplex and decompose organic Cr(III)-complexes in Cl--containing industrial wastewater.

Calcium-dependent HLA-DQ epitope revealed by EDTA mediated inhibition of antibody reactions in the Luminex single antigen bead assay.

Complement mediated interference with the detection of antibodies targeting HLA is a known limitation of the single antigen bead (SAB) Luminex assay. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is currently the serum treatment of choice in most histocompatibility laboratories to block complement activation by chelating calcium. The purpose of this study was to investigate a serum with an antibody reactivity to HLA-DQ6, 7, 8 and 9 molecules, in the Luminex SAB assay, that was inhibited by treatment with EDTA. Serum was from a 55-year-old highly sensitised female renal transplant candidate that contained, among others, antibodies to an epitope containing the 74EL eplet, shared by HLA-DQ6, DQ7, DQ8 and DQ9 molecules. Serum samples were treated with EDTA, dithiothreitol (DTT), or heat prior to testing by SAB assay. EDTA-treated serum was also tested after the addition of calcium chloride (CaCl2). HLA-DQ-specific antibodies were isolated by adsorption/elution method using three informative donor cells and were tested in the absence or presence of EDTA. The antibody reactivity against HLA-DQ6, DQ7, DQ8 and DQ9 in the SAB assay was significantly inhibited by treating serum and eluates with EDTA and was restored by addition of CaCl2. The study represents the first description of a calcium-dependent epitope in HLA molecules. The relevance of this finding is that the treatment of sera with EDTA could lead to false-negative reactions in the SAB assay, which may compromise virtual crossmatching.

Effects of Endodontic Irrigants on Shear Bond Strength of Mild Universal Adhesives to Dentin.

PURPOSE: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of several universal adhesives to dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and NaOCl followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adhese Universal, Scotchbond Universal, Prime & Bond Elect, Prime & Bond Active, and Optibond XTR were included in the study. SBS values were determined in self-etch mode with no pretreatment of the dentin, after a 20-minute exposure of the dentin to 6% NaOCl, and after a 20-minute exposure to NaOCl followed by a one-minute exposure to 17% EDTA. Experimental groups were repeated using a total-etch technique (except Optibond XTR). RESULTS: Adhesives in self-etch mode had significantly reduced SBS following dentin exposure to NaOCl (P < .05), while with a total-etch technique, only Prime & Bond Active was affected (P < .05). SBS in self-etch mode when NaOCl exposure was followed by EDTA were equal to or higher than negative control values (P < .05). For total-etch groups, Adhese Universal was negatively affected by NaOCl + EDTA exposure (P < .05). Prime & Bond Elect exhibited lower SBS following NaOCl + EDTA exposure when compared to just NaOCl exposure but was not different from the negative control (P < .05). CONCLUSION: For the adhesives tested, the use of 17% EDTA following NaOCl exposure negated the negative effects of NaOCl on SBS in self-etch mode. When used in total-etch mode, results varied significantly, with some adhesives performing better or worse depending on the specific testing condition.

Design and preparation of a novel Mg-Al LDH@EDTA-Melamine nanocomposite for effective adsorptive removal of methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes from water.

This paper deals with the preparation of a novel nanocomposite consisted of magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as well as melamine (MA) as an adsorbent. This nanocomposite was utilized to adsorb different dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) from water. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR, EDS, XRD, TGA, and FE-SEM analyses. The effects of various parameters such as concentration, time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and pH were tested to investigate their influence on adsorption conditions. Both methylene blue and rhodamine B dyes showed pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics, and their adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. Moreover, the maximum adsorption capacities for methylene blue and rhodamine B were found to be 1111.103 mg/g at 45 °C and 232.558 mg/g at 60 °C, respectively. Additionally, the adsorption processes were found to be spontaneous (ΔG°< 0, for both dyes) and exothermic (ΔH° = -12.42 kJ/mol for methylene blue and ΔH° = -25.84 kJ/mol for rhodamine B) for both dyes. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces are responsible for the interactions occur between the nanocomposite and the functional groups in the dyes. The experimental findings demonstrated a greater adsorption rate of MB than RhB, suggesting the adsorbent's stronger affinity for MB. This preference is likely due to MB's size, specific functional groups, and smaller molecule size, enabling stronger interactions and more efficient access to adsorption sites compared to RhB. Even after recycling 4 times, the dye adsorption percentages of the adsorbent for MB and RhB dyes were 90 % and 87 %, but the desorption percentages of the adsorbate dyes were 85 % and 80 %, respectively. The prepared adsorbent boasts several unique properties, such as the swift and effortless adsorption of MB and RhB dyes, straightforward synthesis, mild adsorption conditions, remarkable efficiency, and the ability to be recycled up to 4 times without a significant decrease in activity.

Root surface biomodification in periodontal therapy: Biological rationale and clinical applications.

Regenerative periodontal therapy aims to form new cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, all sealed by gingival tissue. The root surface acts as the wound margin during this regeneration process. Root surface biomodification (root conditioning/root decontamination), therefore, seems instrumental in promoting surface decontamination and enhancing tissue attachment by removing the smear layer, exposing collagen fibrils, and facilitating blood clot formation and stabilization. This review attempted to provide an all-encompassing, evidence-based assessment of the role of root surface biomodification in regenerative periodontal therapy, particularly in intrabony defects, furcation defects, and root coverage procedures. The reviewed evidence suggested that root conditioning agents, whether used independently or in conjunction with bone graft materials, biological agents, membranes, or connective tissue grafts, do not offer any clinical advantage regarding clinical attachment gain. Thus, integrating chemical methods with the mechanical root instrumentation process does not necessarily contribute to superior clinical outcomes.

Simultaneous quantification of baloxavir marboxil and its active metabolite in human plasma using UHPLC-MS/MS: Application to a human pharmacokinetic study with different anticoagulants.

Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) is a cap-dependent nucleic acid endonuclease inhibitor, which exerts its antiviral effects after being metabolized to its active form baloxavir acid (BXA). Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and heparin are the two most used anticoagulants in clinical blood sample collection to estimate drug levels in plasma. However, compared to heparin plasma, there is a lack of clinical pharmacokinetic data of BXA using EDTA anticoagulant tubes for blood collection. In the present study, an efficient, rapid, and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of BXM and its active metabolite BXA in human plasma with its isotopic baloxavir-d5 (BXA-d5) as internal standard (IS). Plasma samples (50 µL) were undergone using acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid a precipitant. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a Waters XBridge®C8 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 2.5 µm) column. The gradient mobile phase was 0.1 % formic acid in water (A, pH 2.8) and 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile (B) and delivered at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min for 4.5 min. BXM and BXA were monitored using a positive electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TRIPLE QUAD™ 6500+) via multiple reaction monitoring mode. The mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) were 572.2→247.0, 484.2→247.0 and 489.2→252.0 for BXM, BXA, and BXA-d5 (IS). Calibration curves exhibited excellent linearity in the range of 0.1-10 ng/mL for BXM (r2 > 0.996), and 0.3-300 ng/mL for BXA (r2 > 0.998). Within-run and between-run precisions in coefficients of variations were less than 11.62 % for BXM and less than 7.47 % for BXA, and accuracies in relative error were determined to be within -7.78 % to 5.70 % for BXM and -6.67 % to 8.56 % for BXA. Extraction recovery efficiency was 92.76 % for BXM, 95.32 % for BXA, and 99.26 % for BXA-d5, respectively. The matrix effect of BXM and BXA was in line with the requirements, where the relative deviation of the accuracy was less than 6.67 % and the precision was less than 6.69 %. The validated efficient and simple UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully used in the pharmacokinetic study of BXM and BXA in healthy human volunteers with K2EDTA and heparin tubes for blood collection. EDTA might compete with BXA for chelating metal ions and thereby decrease the plasma ratio in whole blood, leading to approximately 50 % lower measurement of pharmacokinetic parameters as compared with those obtained from heparin plasma anticoagulant tubes.

Effect of continuous vs sequential chelation on the mechanical properties of root dentin: An ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the mechanical properties of root canal dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in combination with hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). METHODS: For testing fracture resistance, 45 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP, NaOCl/EDTA, or distilled water. Fifteen untreated teeth served as control. After obturation, specimens from the experimental groups were thermocycled, dynamically-loaded, and then statically-loaded in a universal testing machine until failure. For flexural strength analysis, 15 teeth were instrumented and irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP or NaOCl/EDTA. Root segments were sectioned into dentin bars and tested for flexural strength using a universal testing machine. For microhardness evaluation, 20 teeth were instrumented and irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP or NaOCl/EDTA. Dentin disks from the coronal-third of each root segment were prepared, one before and one after irrigation, for microhardness testing with a Knoop hardness tester. RESULTS: The highest fracture resistance was recorded in the untreated group, and the lowest in the EDTA group. Although the HEDP group had higher fracture resistance than the EDTA group, the distilled water group demonstrated even greater fracture resistance than the HEDP group. Specimens treated with HEDP had significantly higher flexural strength and microhardness values when compared with those treated with EDTA. CONCLUSION: The fracture resistance, flexural strength, and microhardness of root canal dentin were higher when root canals were irrigated with NaOCl/HEDP, when compared with NaOCl/EDTA. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Irrigating root canals with NaOCl combined with HEDP significantly improves the mechanical integrity of root canal dentin compared to the use of NaOCl with EDTA.

Efficacy and Safety of Preoperative Prophylaxis in Cataract Surgery with Combined Topical Antiseptics: A Microbiological Study.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an ophthalmic formulation containing hexamidine diisethionate (HD) 0.05%, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) 0.0001%, and edetate disodium (EDTA) 0.01% (Keratosept®, Bruschettini, Genova, Italy) on the microbial flora of a healthy ocular surface. METHODS: Patients were enrolled consecutively. Each patient applied two drops of Keratosept® in the eye scheduled for cataract surgery (study eye) three times daily in the 2 days prior to surgery and one time in the morning of surgery. The contralateral eyes were considered as control (control eye). Bilateral conjunctival swabs were collected before the first administration (T0) and the morning of surgery (T1). The swabs were processed within 3 h from sampling for the automated detection of the presence of replicating microorganisms (colony-forming units, CFU/mL) and the provision of real-time growth curves. RESULTS: Conjunctival swabs of 32 patients (n = 128) were examined. Six patients were excluded from the efficacy analysis because of microbial load < 50 CFU/mL at T0 in the study eye. No difference between study and control eyes was observed at T0 (p = 0.40). Compared with T0, 20 (76.9%) study eyes and 10 (38.5%) control eyes showed a ≥ 1 log reduction of the microbial load at T1, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.005). Keratosept® showed good tolerability, and no adverse events or eye discomfort were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the low-dose combination of antiseptic agents in the Keratosept® ophthalmic solution effectively reduces the bacterial load of healthy flora on the ocular surface.

Modified human skin cell isolation protocol and its influence on keratinocyte and melanocyte culture.

Introduction: With the increasing emphasis on the use of nonanimal ingredients in clinical care, studies have proposed the use of TrypLE™ as an alternative to trypsin. However, previous research has reported insufficient cell yield and viability when using TrypLE to isolate skin cells compared to the dispase/trypsin-EDTA method. This study aimed to propose an improved method for increasing the yield and viability of cells isolated by TrypLE and to evaluate isolated keratinocytes and melanocytes. Methods: Foreskin tissues were isolated to keratinocytes and melanocytes using the trypsin-EDTA protocol and our modified TrypLE protocol. The yield and viability of freshly isolated cells were compared, the epidermal residue after cell suspension filtration was analyzed histologically, and the expression of cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and Melan-A was detected by flow cytometry. After cultivation, keratinocytes and melanocytes were further examined for marker expression and proliferation. A coculture model of melanocytes and HaCaT cells was used to evaluate melanin transfer. Results: The yield, viability of total cells and expression of the keratinocyte marker CK14 were similar for freshly isolated cells from both protocols. No differences were observed in the histologic analysis of epidermal residues. Moreover, no differences in keratinocyte marker expression or melanocyte melanin transfer function were observed after culture. However, melanocytes generated using the TrypLE protocol exhibited increased Melan-A expression and proliferation in culture. Conclusion: Our TrypLE protocol not only solved the problems of insufficient cell yield and viability in previous studies but also preserved normal cell morphology and function, which enables the clinical treatment of depigmentation diseases.

Analytical strategies for sensitive and precise determination of 87Sr/86Sr in olive oil through ion extraction, chromatographic separation, and multicollector inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry.

Several food regulatory bodies regard olive oil as highly susceptible to food fraud, largely due to its substantial economic worth. Precise analytical tools are being developed to uncover these types of fraud. This study examines an innovative approach to extract strontium (Sr) from the olive oil matrix (via EDTA complexation and ion-exchange chromatography) and to determine its isotope composition by MC-ICP-MS. This technique was compared to a commonly used technique (i.e. acid extraction and extraction chromatography), and then validated. Three olive oils that are sold in France were prepared and analyzed by two methods: 1) acid extraction prior to Sr purification by Sr-spec resin and 2) complexation by EDTA prior to Sr purification by AG50W-X8. These methods were applied for the determination of the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio of 23 olive oils from various countries. We also demonstrated the feasibility of the method for the detection of olive oil mixtures.

Hydrothermally Stimulated Molecular Interfaces for Augmented Electron Delocalization in Wet-Chemical Phosphorus Recovery from Incineration Ash of Sewage Sludge.

Wet-chemically recovering phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge incineration ash (SSIA) has already become a global initiative to address P deficit, but effectively isolating P from these accompanying metals (AMs) through adsorption in a SSIA-derived extract remains elusive. Here, we devised a hydrothermal stimulus-motivated thermodynamic and kinetic enhancement to gain anionic ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) molecular interfaces for AM enclosure to resolve this conundrum. A new dosage rule based on the EDTA coordination ratio with AMs was established for the first time. Upon hydrothermal extraction at 140 °C for 1 h, the P extraction efficiency reached 96.7% or higher for these obtained SSIA samples, and then exceptional P sequestration from these EDTA-chelated AMs was realized by the peculiar lanthanum (La)-based nanoadsorbent (having 188.86 mg P/g adsorbent at pH ∼ 3.0). Relevant theoretical calculations unraveled that these delocalized electrons of tetravalent EDTA molecules boosted the enclosure of liberated AMs, thereby entailing a substantially increased negative adsorption energy (-408.7 kcal/mol) of P in the form of H2PO4- through intruding lattice-edged carbonates to coordinate La with monodentate mononuclear over LaCO5(1 0 1). This work highlights the prospect of molecular adaptation of these common extractants in wet-chemical P recovery from various P-included wastes, further sustaining global P circularity.

Chitosan-based endodontic irrigation solutions and TGF-ß1 treatment: Creating the most favourable environment for the survival and proliferation of stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The dental pulp's environment is essential for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells' homeostasis and thus, it is of great importance to evaluate the materials used in regenerative procedures. AIM: To assess in vitro (i) the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse®, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid and 2.5% NaOCl on DSCS viability; (ii) the effect of different concentrations of TGF-ß1 on DCSC proliferation; and (iii) whether treatment with TGF-ß1 following exposure to the different irrigation solutions could compensate for their negative effects. METHODOLOGY: (i) DSCS were treated with three dilutions (1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000) of the six irrigation solutions prepared in DMEM for 10 and 60 min to assess the effect on viability. (ii) The effect of different concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 ng/mL) of TGF-ß1 on DCSC proliferation was assessed at 1, 3 and 7 days. (iii) The proliferative effect of TGF-ß1 following 10-min exposure to 1:10 dilution of each irrigation solution was also tested. We used MTT assay to assess viability and proliferation. We performed statistical analysis using Prism software. RESULTS: (i) The different endodontic irrigation solutions tested showed a significant effect on cell viability (p ≤ .0001). Significant interactions between the endodontic irrigation solutions and their dilutions were also found for all parameters (p ≤ .0001). Chitosan nanoparticles and 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution were the least cytotoxic to DSCS whilst 2.5% NaOCl was the most cytotoxic followed by 17% EDTA. (ii) TGF-ß1 at concentrations of 1 and 5 ng/mL resulted in significantly higher proliferation compared to the control group. (iii) Exposure to 17% EDTA or 2.5% NaOCl for 10 min was sufficient to make DSCS cells refractory to the proliferative effects of TGF-ß1. DSCS groups treated with TGF-ß1 following exposure to chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse® and 10% CA demonstrated significantly higher proliferation compared to non-TGF-ß1-treated groups (p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001, p ≤ .0001 and p = .01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The current study offers data that can be implemented to improve the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures by using less toxic irrigation solutions and adding TGF-ß1 to the treatment protocol.