Ibuprofen delays ovulation by several hours: prospective controlled study in natural cycles with HCG-triggered ovulation.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Does ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), delay ovulation? DESIGN: Two-stage, proof-of-concept, controlled study, assessing the percentage of non-ovulated follicles 42 h after HCG injection in patients taking ibuprofen. The intervention group consisted of women undergoing natural cycle IVF treatment taking ibuprofen 3 × 400 mg per day. The control group consisted of women undergoing timed sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination. The proportion of patients with non-ovulated follicles in the ibuprofen group was first compared against a reference of 50% using a one-sample binomial test, and second against the proportion observed in the control group using an adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 26 women were recruited in the ibuprofen intervention group. Twenty-five patients were recruited in the control group. The proportion of patients with delayed ovulation observed (22/26 [84.6%]; 95% CI 65.1% to 95.6%) was significantly higher than the reference of 50% (P < 0.001). In the control group, the proportion of patients with delayed ovulation was 20.0% ([5/25], 95% CI 6.8% to 40.7%). Compared with the ibuprofen group, a significantly increased probability of a delayed ovulation was found in the ibuprofen intervention group (adjusted OR 22.72, 95% CI 5.77 to 115; P < 0.001). Of the 22 women with delayed ovulation, oocytes were retrieved in 20 women (90.9%) and all oocytes were mature (metaphase II). CONCLUSIONS: Women trying to conceive should avoid non-selective NSAIDs around the time of ovulation. Ibuprofen or other NSAID can be used to delay ovulation for several hours in assisted reproductive technology and other infertility treatments if required.

The Analgesic Effect of a Transdermal Lappaconitine Patch Combined With Ibuprofen Suspension for Children After Adenoidectomy and Tonsillectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: To study the analgesic effects and side effects of a transdermal lappaconitine (TLA) patch, ibuprofen suspension (IS), and TLA combined with IS (TLACIS) after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized clinical trial. METHODS: The patients were randomized into three groups defined by different analgesic drug regimens: the TLA group, the IS group, and the TLACIS group. Pain scores at 2, 12, and 24 hours after surgery and adverse-event reports within the first postoperative week were collected. RESULTS: Ultimately, this study included 102 cases in the TLA group, 101 cases in the IS group, and 101 cases in the TLACIS group. At 2 hours after surgery, the pain scores of the TLA and the TLACIS groups were both significantly lower than that of the IS group (all P < .05). At 12 and 24 hours after surgery, the pain score of the TLACIS group was significantly lower than those of the TLA and IS groups (all P < .05); furthermore, the pain score of the IS group was significantly lower than that of the TLA group (P < .05). Within 1 week after the operation, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of a TLA patch can speed the onset of analgesia. In terms of analgesic effects, IS alone is more advantageous than TLA alone, while the combination of TLA and IS has the best analgesic effect. No significant differences were found in the incidence of adverse events among the three regimens.

Thermo-activated in situ rectal gel preparation for Ibuprofen Using Eutectic Mixture.

This study aimed to develop a thermosensitive in situ gel formulation for rectal delivery of Ibuprofen as an efficient alternative dosage form. Utilizing poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407, and HPMC via cold technique method, a thermosensitive in situ gel was successfully prepared. The concentration of Ibuprofen in the formulations was 1.2% (w/w). The prepared gels underwent assessment for clarity, gelation temperature, gelation time, gel strength, spread ability, syringe-ability, pH, viscosity, FTIR, and drug content. The selected formulations exhibited a gelation temperature within the range of 30°C to 36°C, with consistent amount of drug soluble in the formulations (93% - 110%). Mucoadhesive studies, in vitro release tests, ex vivo modeling of drug release, kinetic studies modeling, and histopathology testing were also conducted. The formulation comprising 18% poloxamer 407, 12% poloxamer 188, and 1% sodium chloride (FS15) demonstrated suitable gelation temperature and desirable drug release rate. In vitro drug release tests indicated completion within one hour for both FS10 (20% P407 & 10% P188) and FS15 (18% P407 & 12% P188), with consistent and predictable release patterns observed through kinetic modeling analysis. Microscopic histopathology examination confirmed the safety of the selected formula, exhibiting no irritation in the mucosal membrane of the sheep. In conclusion, Ibuprofen thermosensitive in situ gel presents a promising and convenient strategy as a rectal carrier and an alternative dosage form to solid suppositories.

Identification of ibuprofen targeting CXCR family members to alleviate metabolic disturbance in lipodystrophy based on bioinformatics and in vivo experimental verification.

Background: Lipodystrophy is a rare disease that is poorly diagnosed due to its low prevalence and frequent phenotypic heterogeneity. The main therapeutic measures for patients with clinical lipodystrophy are aimed at improving general metabolic complications such as diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and targeted treatment of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL). Methods: Dataset GSE159337 was obtained via the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CGL and control samples were yielded via differential expression analysis and were analyzed for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment to explore the functional pathways. Next, protein-protein interaction analysis and the MCC algorithm were implemented to yield candidate genes, which were then subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify biomarkers with an area under the curve value exceeding 0.8. Moreover, random forest (RF), logistic regression, and support vector machine (SVM) analyses were carried out to assess the diagnostic ability of biomarkers for CGL. Finally, the small-molecule drugs targeting biomarkers were predicted, and ibuprofen was further validated in lipodystrophy mice. Results: A total of 71 DEGs in GSE159337 were sifted out and were involved in immune receptor activity, immune response-regulating signaling pathway, and secretory granule membrane. Moreover, CXCR2, TNFSF10, NLRC4, CCR2, CEACAM3, TLR10, TNFAIP3, and JUN were considered as biomarkers by performing ROC analysis on 10 candidate genes. Meanwhile, RF, logistic regression, and SVM analyses further described that those biomarkers had an excellent diagnosis capability for CGL. Eventually, the drug-gene network included ibuprofen-CXCR1, ibuprofen-CXCR1, cenicriviroc-CCR2, fenofibrate-JUN, and other relationship pairs. Ibuprofen treatment was also validated to downregulate CXCR1 and CXCR2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and improve glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, and liver inflammation in lipodystrophy mice. Conclusion: Eight biomarkers, namely, CXCR2, TNFSF10, NLRC4, CCR2, CEACAM3, TLR10, TNFAIP3, and JUN, were identified through bioinformatic analyses, and ibuprofen targeting CXCR1 and CXCR2 in PBMCs was shown to improve metabolic disturbance in lipodystrophy, contributing to studies related to the diagnosis and treatment of lipodystrophy.

Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding and Analgesic Use Before and After the FDA Boxed Warning Against Codeine.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the trends in post-tonsillectomy analgesic utility and incidence of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage before and after the 2013 FDA Boxed Warning against codeine use after pediatric tonsillectomy. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using TriNetX. A search for patients up to 18 years from 2008 to 2022 within the US Collaborative Network identified 15,648,542 subjects. CPT and ICD-10 codes were used to identify children who experienced post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage within 14 days of a tonsillectomy. Analgesics given within 14 days of tonsillectomy were tabulated annually from 2008 to 2022, including codeine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, oxycodone, ketorolac, and hydrocodone. Bleeding percentage and analgesic utility were grouped into events before and after 2013. RESULTS: Mean age at tonsillectomy was 5.6 years (SD = 3.0). Before 2013, the median percentage of children who experienced postoperative bleeding was 1.8% with 0.73% returning to the OR for bleeding control. After 2013, the median percentage of children who experienced postoperative bleeding was 2.4% (p = 0.029), and 0.99% returned to the OR (p = 0.008). Use of post-tonsillectomy codeine fell from 10.4% to 0.5% (p = 0.003) whereas ibuprofen rose from 2.0% to 63.9% (p = <0.001), acetaminophen from 42.8% to 77.2% (p = <0.001), ketorolac from 1.2% to 9.2% (p = <0.001), and oxycodone from 2.0% to 30.9% (p = <0.001). No change was detected in use of hydrocodone. CONCLUSION: Analgesics used post-tonsillectomy in children have changed since the FDA Boxed Warning against codeine. There has been a small but statistically significant increase in post-tonsillectomy bleeding. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV Laryngoscope, 2024.

Uni-directional release of ibuprofen from an asymmetric fibrous membrane enables effective peritendinous anti-adhesion.

Drug-loaded porous membranes have been deemed to be effective physicochemical barriers to separate postoperative adhesion-prone tissues in tendon healing. However, cell viability and subsequent tissue regeneration might be severely interfered with the unrestricted release and the locally excessive concentration of anti-inflammatory drugs. Herein, we report a double-layered membrane with sustained and uni-directional drug delivery features to prevent peritendinous adhesion without hampering the healing outcome. A vortex-assisted electrospinning system in combination with ibuprofen (IBU)-in-water emulsion was utilized to fabricate IBU-loaded poly-ʟ-lactic-acid (PLLA) fiber bundle membrane (PFB-IBU) as the anti-adhesion layer. The resultant highly porous structure, oleophilic and hydrophobic nature of PLLA fibers enabled in situ loading of IBU with a concentration gradient across the membrane thickness. Aligned collagen nanofibers were further deposited at the low IBU concentration side of the membrane for regulating cell growth and achieving uni-directional release of IBU. Drug release kinetics showed that the release amount of IBU from the high concentration side reached 79.32% at 14 d, while it was only 0.35% at the collagen side. Therefore, fibroblast proliferation at the high concentration side was successfully inhibited without affecting the oriented growth of tendon-derived stem cells at the other side. In vivo evaluation of the rat Achilles adhesion model confirmed the successful peritendinous anti-adhesion of our double-layered membrane, in that the macrophage recruitment, the inflammatory factor secretion and the deposition of pathological adhesion markers such as α-SMA and COL-III were all inhibited, which greatly improved the peritendinous fibrosis and restored the motor function of tendon.

Gene Expression Patterns of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Following Ibuprofen and Hyperthermia Treatment.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) substantially influence the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), metastasis, relapse, and resistance to therapy. Ibuprofen and hyperthermia can be effective in the treatment of cancer. Herein, we evaluated the effects of hyperthermia and ibuprofen on the isolated-CSCs of CRC. Methods: This experimental study was conducted between Sep 2020 and Jan 2022 at the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A non-adhesive culture system was used to isolate CSCs from HT-29 cells. To confirm the stemness nature of isolated-CSCs, the expression of stemness genes and protein markers was evaluated by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry assay. The isolated-CSCs were treated with hyperthermia and ibuprofen. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay and trypan blue staining. The expression of stemness, proliferation, Wnt signaling pathway and apoptosis genes was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: CSCs were isolated within 14 days. The expression of CD-133 marker and OCT3/4, C-MYC, KLF4, and NANOG genes in isolated-CSCs was higher than HT-29 cells (P<0.05). Cell viability of treated-CSCs were considerably reduced (P<0.05). Hperthermia reduced the expression of OCT3/4, NANOG, PCNA, WNT1 and CTNNB1 genes and increased the expression of P53, BAX, and KLF4 genes (P<0.05). Ibuprofen decreased the expression of OCT3/4, BCL2, NANOG, PCNA, WNT1, and CTNNB1 genes and increased the expression of P53, BAX, and KLF4 genes in treated-CSCs (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hyperthermia and ibuprofen treatment demonstrate an inhibitory effect on colorectal CSCs. However, using combination therapy is remaining to be tested.

Safety of metamizole (dipyrone) for the treatment of mild to moderate pain-an overview of systematic reviews.

Metamizole, as known as dipyrone or novaminsulfone is widely used, especially in Latin America, for its analgesic and antipyretic function. However, several countries have banned it due to the risk of agranulocytosis, skin necrosis, and other serious adverse effects. To assess the safety of metamizole compared to other commonly used non-opioid analgesics (paracetamol, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid). An overview of systematic reviews. The searches were performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and LILACS databases. Systematic reviews of randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials with adult patients with mild to moderate pain that assessed the adverse effects of metamizole were included. A methodological quality assessment was performed through ROBIS. The protocol of this systematic review was submitted to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Prospero, CRD42021295272). Of 387 identified studies, four were included, with a total of 20,643 participants, all submitted to a single dose by oral, intramuscular, or intravenous route. No study reported a serious adverse effect. However, 60 of 778 patients (7.7%) who used metamizole; 120/828 (14.5%) who used acetylsalicylic acid; 56/443 (12.6%) who used paracetamol; and 27/213 (12.7%) who used ibuprofen had mild adverse effects. A complementary statistical analysis showed that metamizole, at any dose, has a 38.8% lower chance of adverse effects compared to paracetamol and 46.8% compared to acetylsalicylic acid. The results shows that metamizole is a safe drug with evidence of a lower incidence of adverse effects compared to paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid.

Estimating the therapeutic potential of NSAIDs and linoleic acid-isomers supplementation against neuroinflammation.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) regulate inflammation, which is associated with their role in preventing neurodegenerative diseases in epidemiological studies. It has sparked interest in their unconventional application for reducing neuroinflammation, opening up new avenues in biomedical research. However, given the pharmacological drawbacks of NSAIDs, the development of formulations with naturally antioxidant/anti-inflammatory dietary fatty acids has been demonstrated to be advantageous for the clinical translation of anti-inflammatory-based therapies. It includes improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and reduced toxicity. It permits us to speculate about the value of linoleic acid (LA)-isomers in preventing and treating neuroinflammatory diseases compared to NSAIDs. Our research delved into the impact of various factors, such as administration route, dosage, timing of intervention, and BBB permeability, on the efficacy of NSAIDs and LA-isomers in preclinical and clinical settings. We conducted a systematic comparison between NSAIDs and LA-isomers regarding their therapeutic effectiveness, BBB compatibility, and side effects. Additionally, we explored their underlying mechanisms in addressing neuroinflammation. Through our analysis, we've identified challenges and drawn conclusions that could propel advancements in treating neurodegenerative diseases and inform the development of future alternative therapeutic strategies.

Synthesis, molecular dynamics simulation, and evaluation of biological activity of novel flurbiprofen and ibuprofen-like compounds.

The frequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs and the side effects of existing drugs keep the need for new compounds constant. For this purpose, flurbiprofen and ibuprofen-like compounds, which are frequently used anti-inflammatory compounds in this study, were synthesized and their structures were elucidated. Like ibuprofen and flurbiprofen, the compounds contain a residue of phenylacetic acid. On the other hand, it contains a secondary amine residue. Thus, it is planned to reduce the acidity, which is the biggest side effect of NSAI drugs, even a little bit. The estimated ADME parameters of the compounds were evaluated. Apart from internal use, local use of anti-inflammatory compounds is also very important. For this reason, the skin permeability values of the compounds were also calculated. And it has been found to be compatible with reference drugs. The COX enzyme inhibitory effects of the obtained compounds were tested by in vitro experiments. Compound 2a showed significant activity against COX-1 enzyme with an IC50 = 0.123 + 0.005 µM. The interaction of the compound with the enzyme active site was clarified by molecular dynamics studies.

Medicinal Anti-Inflammatory Patch Loaded with Lavender Essential Oil.

Transdermal drug delivery offers a promising alternative for administering medications like ibuprofen, known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, with reduced gastrointestinal side effects compared to oral administration. This study explored the potential synergistic effects of combining ibuprofen with lavender essential oil (LEO) in transdermal patches. The composition of LEO was analyzed, revealing predominant compounds such as linalyl acetate and linalool, which are known for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The physicochemical properties of the patches were investigated, indicating improved cohesion with the addition of LEO. Additionally, thermal stability assessments demonstrated enhanced stability with LEO incorporation with an increase in onset decomposition temperature from 49.0 to 67.9 °C. The antioxidant activity of patches containing LEO was significantly higher with a free radical scavenging ability of 79.13% RSA compared to 60% RSA in patches without LEO. Release and permeation studies showed that patches with LEO exhibited an increased permeation of ibuprofen through the skin with 74.40% of the drug released from LEO-containing patches compared to 36.29% from patches without LEO after 24 h. Moreover, the permeation rate was notably faster with LEO, indicating quicker therapeutic effects. The inclusion of LEO in transdermal patches containing ibuprofen holds promise for enhancing drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic effectiveness, offering a potential strategy for improved pain management with reduced side effects.

Carborane Conjugates with Ibuprofen, Fenoprofen and Flurbiprofen: Synthesis, Characterization, COX Inhibition Potential and In Vitro Activity.

The most effective anticancer drugs currently entail substantial and formidable side effects, and resistance of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents is a further challenge. Thus, the search for new anticancer drugs as well as novel therapeutic methods is still extremely important. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can inhibit COX (cyclooxygenase), overexpressed in some tumors. Carboranes are emerging as promising pharmacophores. We have therefore combined both moieties in a single molecule to design drugs with a dual mode of action and enhanced effectiveness. The NSAIDs ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and fenoprofen were connected with 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane(12) via methylene, ethylene or propylene spacers. Three sets of carborane-NSAID conjugates were synthesized and analyzed through multinuclear (1H, 11B, and 13C) NMR spectroscopy. Conjugates with methylene spacers exhibited the most potent COX inhibition potential, particularly conjugates with flurbiprofen and fenoprofen, displaying higher selectivity towards COX-1. Furthermore, conjugates with methylene and ethylene spacers were more efficient in suppressing the growth of human cancer cell lines than their propylene counterparts. The carborane-flurbiprofen conjugate with an ethylene spacer was the most efficient and selective toward the COX-2-negative cell line HCT116. Its mode of action was basically cytostatic with minor contribution of apoptotic cell death and dominance of cells trapped in the division process.

Diagnostic evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to arylpropionic acid derivatives: a descriptive observational study focusing on clinical characteristics and potential risk factors in children.

BACKGROUND: Arylpropionic acid derivatives (APs) are the main triggers of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) hypersensitivity. Data on clinical patterns and risk factors for AP hypersensitivity in children are quite limited. AIM: To assess the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors for proven AP hypersensitivity in children. METHOD: Patients with a history of AP hypersensitivity were retrospectively assessed using a standardized diagnostic algorithm. Children with confirmed hypersensitivity were defined as selective responders or cross-intolerants based on the result of drug provocation tests and further categorized according to the EAACI/ENDA classification. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the potential risk factors for proven AP hypersensitivity. RESULTS: A total of 166 patients (51.2% male, median age of six years) with a history of AP hypersensitivity were included. Ibuprofen (89.2%) was the most frequently reported AP in the patients' histories. The reported hypersensitivity of 40 (22.4%) patients was confirmed by diagnostic testing: eight (13.6%) patients with a history of reaction only to APs and 32 (29.9%) patients with a history of reactions to multiple NSAIDs, including chemically unrelated NSAIDs in addition to APs. Five (12.5%) patients were classified as selective responders and 35 (87.5%) were cross-intolerants. Overall, five (12.5%) of the confirmed cases could not be categorized according to the EAACI/ENDA classification. Older age (aOR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21, p = 0.015), chronic urticaria as an underlying disease (aOR: 2.87, 95% CI 1.09-7.54, p = 0.033) and a history of anaphylaxis (aOR: 7.84, 95% CI 1.86-33.04, p = 0.005) were related to confirmed AP hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION: Almost a quarter of children and adolescents were confirmed to have AP hypersensitivity. Older age, the presence of chronic urticaria and a history of anaphylaxis were potential risk factors for proven AP hypersensitivity.

Photocrosslinkable hydrogel of ibuprofen-chitosan methacrylate modulates inflammatory response.

Methacrylated biopolymers are unique and attractive in preparing photocrosslinkable hydrogels in biomedical applications. Here we report a novel chitosan (CS) derivative-based injectable hydrogel with anti-inflammatory capacity via methacrylation modification. First, ibuprofen (IBU) was conjugated to the backbone of CS by carbodiimide chemistry to obtain IBU-CS conjugate, which converts water-insoluble unmodified CS into water-soluble IBU-CS conjugate. The IBU-CS conjugate did not precipitate at the pH of 7, which was beneficial to subsequent chemical modification with methacrylic anhydride to prepare IBU-CS methacrylate (IBU-CS-MA) with significantly higher methacrylation substitution. Photocrosslinkable in situ gel formation of injectable IBU-CS-MA hydrogel was verified using lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) initiator under visible light. The IBU-CS-MA hydrogel showed good cytocompatibility as revealed by encapsulating and in vitro culturing murine fibroblasts within hydrogels. It promoted macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype, as well as downregulated pro-inflammatory gene expression and upregulated anti-inflammatory gene expression of macrophages. The hydrogel also significantly reduced the reactive oxygen specifies (ROS) and nitrogen oxide (NO) produced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Upon subcutaneous implantation in a rat model, it significantly mitigated inflammatory responses as shown by significantly lower inflammatory cell density, less cell infiltration, and much thinner fibrous capsule compared with CS methacrylate (CS-MA) hydrogel. This study suggests that IBU-CS conjugate represents a feasible strategy for preparing CS-based methacrylate hydrogels for biomedical applications.

A computational analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ibuprofen and dibutyl phthalate on gene expression in fish.

The impact of emerging pollutants such as ibuprofen and dibutyl phthalate on aquatic species is a growing concern and the need for proper assessment and evaluation of these toxicants is imperative. The objective of this study was to examine the toxicogenomic impacts of ibuprofen and dibutyl phthalate on Clarias gariepinus, a widely distributed African catfish species. Results showed that exposure to the test compounds caused significant changes in gene expression, including upregulation of growth hormone, interleukin, melatonin receptors, 17ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase, heat shock protein, doublesex, and mab-3 related transcription factor. On the other hand, expression of forkhead Box Protein L2 and cytochrome P450 was downregulated, revealing a potential to induce female to male sex reversal. The binding affinities and hydrophobic interactions of the test compounds with the reference genes were also studied, showing that ibuprofen had the lowest binding energy and the highest affinity for the docked genes. Both compounds revealed a mutual molecular interaction with amino acids residues within the catalytic cavity of the docked genes. These results provide new insights into the toxic effects of ibuprofen and dibutyl phthalate on Clarias gariepinus, contributing to a better understanding of the environmental impact of these pollutants.

Efficiently photocatalysis activation of peroxymonosulfate by bimetallic metal-organic frameworks Mn-MIL-53(Fe) for ibuprofen degradation: Synergistic efficiency, mechanism and degradation pathways.

In this study, a UV-driven photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system was constructed using bimetallic metal-organic frameworks to degrade pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Mn-MIL-53(Fe) was successfully synthesised by adjusting the doping ratio of Mn using solvothermal method. The removal of ibuprofen (IBP) by UV/Mn-MIL-53(Fe)/PMS process was as high as 79.7% in 30 min with a Mn doping ratio of 1.0 (molar ratio of Mn to Fe), and the reaction rate constant was 26.9% higher than undoped. Mn-MIL-53(Fe) had been systematically characterized in terms of its physical structure, microscopic morphology, surface functional groups and photoelectric properties. The mechanism investigation revealed that the cycling of Mn and Fe accelerated the rate of electron transfer in the system, which significantly increased the activation efficacy of PMS to generate more hydroxyl and sulfate radicals for IBP degradation. A total of 13 transformation products were detected during the degradation of IBP by the UV/Mn-MIL-53(Fe)/PMS process. Theoretical calculations were used to predict the sites on the IBP molecule that were vulnerable to attack, and four possible degradation pathways were deduced. The excellent stability and efficient catalytic properties of Mn-MIL-53(Fe) provided a promising solution to the problem of water treatment contaminated with PPCPs.

Comparative effectiveness of preemptive administration of ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginine on the anesthetic success of inferior alveolar nerve block in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis - A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the impact of premedication with ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginine and the influence of preoperative pain and anxiety on inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) efficacy in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 150 SIP patients who were randomly assigned to receive ibuprofen (600 mg), ibuprofen-arginine (1,155 mg), or a placebo 30 min before IANB. Preoperative anxiety and pain levels were assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and the Heft-Parker visual scale. IANB efficacy was determined by the absence of or mild pain during the procedure. Statistical analysis included chi-square, z-tests, Analysis of Variance, and Student's t tests. RESULTS: The ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginine groups exhibited significantly higher IANB success rates (62% and 78%, respectively) compared to the placebo group (34%). However, no significant difference was observed between the ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginine groups. Patients with successful IANB in the ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginine groups displayed lower median anxiety scores (8) than those with failed blocks (15) and lower mean preoperative pain scores (118.3). CONCLUSION: In cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis the preemptive medication with ibuprofen-arginine effectively increased the efficacy of the inferior alveolar nerve block The inferior alveolar nerve block efficacy was influenced by preoperative anxiety levels and the intensity of pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This research underscores the potential benefits of oral premedication with ibuprofen and ibuprofen-arginine in improving anesthesia outcomes in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

The Incorporated Drug Affects the Properties of Hydrophilic Nanofibers.

Hydrophilic nanofibers offer promising potential for the delivery of drugs with diverse characteristics. Yet, the effects of different drugs incorporated into these nanofibers on their properties remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically explored how model drugs, namely ibuprofen, carvedilol, paracetamol, and metformin (hydrochloride), affect hydrophilic nanofibers composed of polyethylene oxide and poloxamer 188 in a 1:1 weight ratio. Our findings reveal that the drug affects the conductivity and viscosity of the polymer solution for electrospinning, leading to distinct changes in the morphology of electrospun products. Specifically, drugs with low solubility in ethanol, the chosen solvent for polymer solution preparation, led to the formation of continuous nanofibers with uniform diameters. Additionally, the lower solubility of metformin in ethanol resulted in particle appearance on the nanofiber surface. Furthermore, the incorporation of more hydrophilic drugs increased the surface hydrophilicity of nanofiber mats. However, variations in the physicochemical properties of the drugs did not affect the drug loading and drug entrapment efficiency. Our research also shows that drug properties do not notably affect the immediate release of drugs from nanofibers, highlighting the dominant role of the hydrophilic polymers used. This study emphasizes the importance of considering specific drug properties, such as solubility, hydrophilicity, and compatibility with the solvent used for electrospinning, when designing hydrophilic nanofibers for drug delivery. Such considerations are crucial for optimizing the properties of the drug delivery system, which is essential for achieving therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Ibuprofen and Other Arylpropionics: The Relevance in Immediate Hypersensitivity Drug Reactions.

BACKGROUND: Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is the most frequent medication to be involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDRs). Other analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs in the arylpropionic group are also relevant, albeit to a lesser extent. Ibuprofen is widely consumed by people of all ages, both on medical prescription and over the counter; moreover, it is an organic contaminant of surface waters and foods. While numerous drugs cause HDR, ibuprofen's underlying mechanisms are more intricate and involve both specific immunological and non-immunological mediated reactions. SUMMARY: we concentrate on immediate responses, including urticaria with or without angioedema, anaphylaxis, and angioedema, classifying reactions according to whether they are caused by single or multiple NSAIDs and based on the mechanisms at play. Both groups may experience anaphylaxis, defined as an immediate, severe systemic reaction involving at least two organs, though the frequency and severity can vary. Following this classification, more clinical manifestations can be identified. Diagnosis is partly based on a detailed clinical history, including information about ibuprofen and/or other arylpropionic derivatives involved, the interval between drug intake and symptoms onset, clinical manifestations, number of episodes, and the patient's tolerance or response to other medications - mainly non-chemically related NSAID - both before and after reactions to ibuprofen and/or other arylpropionic drugs. A drug provocation test is frequently necessary to make a diagnosis. KEY MESSAGE: Because ibuprofen is the most widely prescribed NSAID, it is reasonable to assume its role as the leading cause of HDR will only become more important.

Synthesis and full-spectrum-responsive photocatalytic activity from UV/Vis to near-infrared region of S-O decorated YMnO3 nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen.

The oxalic acid complexation method and sulfuric acid heat treatment method were used to synthesize the YMnO3 (YMO) and YMO-SO4 2- (YMO-SO) photocatalysts. The YMO-SO photocatalyst maintained the crystal structure of YMO, but the particle size increased slightly and the optical band gap decreased significantly. The YMO-SO photocatalyst demonstrates a wide range of light absorption capabilities, covering ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light. The photocatalytic activity of YMO-SO was investigated with ibuprofen as the target pollutant. The YMO-SO photocatalyst exhibits high ultraviolet (UV), visible and near-infrared photocatalytic activity. Experiments with different environmental parameters confirmed that the best catalyst content was 1 g/L, the best drug concentration was 75 mg/L and the best pH value was 7. The capture experiment, free radical detection experiment and photocatalytic mechanism analysis confirmed that the main active species of YMO-SO photocatalyst were hole and superoxide free radical.