"Una cosa es la ley, y otra la práctica médica": Las adolescencias trans en el sistema de salud en Argentina: entre las narrativas de derechos y el adultocentrismo / "One thing is the law, and another the medical practice". Trans adolescents in the health system in Argentina: between the narratives of rights and adultcentrism / "Uma coisa é a lei e outra é a prática médica". Adolescentes trans no sistema de saúde da Argentina: entre narrativas de direitos e adultocentrismo

Resumen En Argentina, la legislación garantiza que las infancias y adolescencias trans puedan realizar el cambio de nombre y sexo en su documentación de acuerdo con su identidad autopercibida. Antes de los 16 años, deben presentar conformidad a través de sus representantes legales y contar con la asistencia de unx abogadx del niñx. Distintos espacios gubernamentales han construido protocolos de atención de salud integral despatologizantes que garantizan el acceso a procesos de modificación corporal con autonomía. Sin embargo, en la configuración de las intervenciones médicas, las narrativas de derechos se traman con la persistencia del cisexismo y del adultocentrismo. La autoridad epistémica de la ciencia, o la especialidad, suele anteponerse a las decisiones de lxs adolescentes. Abordo este problema a través del análisis de protocolos oficiales y entrevistas a profesionales de la salud en una ciudad intermedia de Buenos Aires.

Abstract In Argentina, the legislation guarantees that trans children and adolescents can change their name and sex in their documentation in accordance with their self-perceived identity. Before the age of 16, they must present conformity through their legal representatives and have the assistance of a child's lawyer. Different governmental spaces have built comprehensive depathologizing health care protocols that guarantee access to body modification processes with autonomy. However, in the configuration of medical interventions, the narratives of rights are woven with the persistence of cissexism and adultcentrism. The epistemic authority of science, or specialty, often takes precedence over the decisions of adolescents. I approach this problem through the analysis of official protocols and interviews with health professionals in an intermediate city in the province of Buenos Aires.

Resumo Na Argentina, a legislação garante que crianças e adolescentes trans possam mudar seu nome e sexo em sua documentação de acordo com sua identidade autopercebida. Antes dos 16 anos de idade, eles devem apresentar seu consentimento por meio de seus representantes legais e ter a assistência de um advogado infantil. Diferentes espaços governamentais criaram protocolos integrais de atendimento à saúde despatologizantes que garantem o acesso a processos de modificação corporal com autonomia. Entretanto, na configuração das intervenções médicas, as narrativas de direitos são tecidas com a persistência do cissexismo e do adultocentrismo. A autoridade epistêmica da ciência, ou especialidade, muitas vezes tem precedência sobre as decisões dos adolescentes. Abordo esse problema por meio da análise de protocolos oficiais e entrevistas com profissionais de saúde em uma cidade intermediária de Buenos Aires.

Superordinate identities and self-transcendent emotions: Longitudinal study in Spain and Chile.

Recent studies suggest that identification with all humanity (IWAH), apart from being related to universalistic values, could also be related to self-transcendent emotions (STE). In this scenario, the general objective of this cross-cultural longitudinal study is to examine the relationship between identification with proximate categories (i.e., community and country) and superordinate one (all humanity), and their association with positive self-oriented and STEs during a traumatic global phenomenon such as COVID-19 pandemics. Additionally, we explore variations regarding the patterns of those associations in different cultural contexts (Chile and Spain) and examine whether they change among two different time points (T1-T2). The total sample was composed of 403 participants, of whom 224 were residents in Chile (M = 39.25, SD = 12.56; range 18-71 years; 49.6% women) and 179 were residents in Spain (M = 36.35, SD = 12.12; range 18-68 years; 59.8% women). Data collection was carried out in September (T1) and November (T2) 2020, through online surveys administered via Survey Monkey® platform. Overall, results show, as expected, greater identification with proximate categories rather than superordinate ones, and an association between STEs and IWAH, but also with national and community identification. IWAH, but not STEs decreased significantly (T1-T2) in both countries. Thereafter, these emotional and behavioral responses decline as a symptom of growing fatigue with the pandemic situation, and also reflect a shift from broader to more local concerns. Analysis regarding comparisons between countries indicated higher levels of identification with community and with all humanity in Spain and with country in Chile. The results are discussed in the context of new developments in studies on IWAH.

'Them' without 'us': negative identities and affective polarization in Brazil.

High levels of hostility between those on opposing sides of politics have led to a burgeoning literature on the concept of affective polarization. Though a globally widespread phenomenon, extant literature has generated theoretical expectations and empirical findings mostly inspired by the United States and Western Europe. By studying the case of Brazil, I argue and show that traditional explanations do not provide satisfactory accounts of affective polarization in contexts where politics is only weakly structured by ideology or partisan attachments. I argue and show that in such contexts the concept of negative political identities can provide a much better explanation for why politics is so divisive. Using both the 2014 and 2018 waves of the Brazilian Electoral Studies (BES) and independently collected survey data (N = 1732), I provide robust empirical findings supporting the primacy of negative political identities over traditional explanations. Negative identification with the out-party/leader has a strong effect on dislike towards out-voters even when controlling for instrumental evaluations of political elites. This paper contributes to the comparative research agenda on affective polarization outside Western contexts, as well as to the study of negative political identities.

Contexto sociocultural y construcción de identidades en jóvenes de escuelas rurales / Sociocultural context and construction of identities in young people from rural schools

La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender la incidencia de los contextos socioculturales en la cons-trucción de identidades en jóvenes rurales, a través del análisis etnográfico hermenéutico del discurso en estudiantes y un profesor de una institución pública rural de Cundinamarca, Colombia. El estudio fue desarrollado desde un enfoque cualitativo, a través de la etnografía hermenéutica con estudio de caso, con la participación de 16 estudiantes con edades entre los 11 y 15 años, de sexto a noveno de educación básica secundaria, y 1 docente del modelo educativo telesecundaria. Se utilizaron instrumentos y técnicas de recolección de información cualitativas (el protocolo esperanzas y temores, la entrevista estructurada, los relatos de vida y la cartografía social). Los resultados muestran que los contextos socioculturales afectan la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y la construcción de identidades en los jóvenes rurales y que se requieren currículos contextualizados, construidos desde el reconocimiento de los territorios, la comprensión del entorno sociocultural y del trato diferenciado entre las poblaciones, según las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de cada persona, desde una mirada intercultural

The research aims to understand the incidence of sociocultural contexts in the construction of identities in rural youth, through the hermeneutical ethnographic analysis of discourse in students and a teacher in a rural public institution in Cundinamarca Colombia. The study was developed from a qualitative approach, through hermeneutic ethnography with a case study, with the participation of 16 students between the ages of 11 and 15 from sixth to ninth grade of basic secondary education and 1 teacher of the telesecondary educational model. Qualitative information collection tools and techniques were used (the Hopes and Fears protocol, the structured interview, life stories and social cartography). The results show how sociocultural contexts affect teaching, learning and identity construction in rural youth. Contextualized curricula are required, built from the recognition of the territories, the understanding of the sociocultural environment and the differential treatment between populations, according to the vulnerability conditions of each person and from an intercultural perspective

Hate Speech, Emotions, and Gender Identities: A Study of Social Narratives on Twitter with Trainee Teachers.

The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to analyse emotional responses to the construction of hate speech relating to gender identity on Twitter. On the other hand, the objective is to evaluate the capabilities of trainee primary education teachers at constructing alternative counter-narratives to this socially alive issue, surrounding the approval of the Ley de Identidad de Género [Gender Identity Law] in Chile, in 2018. With this two-fold objective in mind, quantitative, descriptive, and inferential analysis and qualitative analysis techniques are all applied. The results inform us of the influence of socially constructed emotions and feelings that are expressed in social narratives. However, the narratives of the participants neither appeared to reach satisfactory levels of reflection on the social issues that stirred their own emotional responses, nor on the conflict between reason and the value judgements that they expressed in the digital debate (counter-narratives). These results point to the need to consider both emotions and feelings, as categories of social analysis, and to reflect on their forms of expression within the framework of education for inclusive democratic citizenship.

Bringing political psychology into the study of populism.

Although it is true that populism is a contested concept in the social sciences, there is increasing consensus around the use of an ideational definition of populism within the political science literature. This definition has the advantage of providing a clear concept that can be employed to empirically study not only the supply side but also the demand side of the populist phenomenon. Not by chance, an increasing number of scholars are working with a set of survey items to measure the presence and relevance of populist ideas at the mass level, something that is usually conceived of as populist attitudes. Despite the incremental study of populist attitudes in political science, only very limited links with the political psychology literature have been established so far. In this short piece, I address this shortcoming by discussing two avenues for further research on populism that seek to promote much-needed dialogue between comparative politics and political psychology: political identities and conspiracy theories. This article is part of the theme issue 'The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms'.

História das abordagens científicas, médicas e psicológicas sobre as transexualidades e suas aproximações críticas / A history of scientific, medical and psychological approaches to transsexualities and their critical approach

Resumo Neste artigo, apresenta-se um breve enquadramento histórico das abordagens científicas, médicas e psicológicas sobre as transexualidades, tecendo um conjunto de considerações sobre a forma como tal enquadramento foi fundacional da noção de patologia associada às pessoas trans e como tem sido responsável pela manutenção da patologização destes indivíduos no imaginário coletivo. Para atingir tal objetivo, é desenhado um mapa cronológico dos acontecimentos que têm vindo a marcar, ao longo da história, o estudo e a intervenção com as pessoas trans a partir do modelo biomédico, referenciando algumas das personalidades que, no contexto ocidental, tiveram responsabilidade nesta visão biomédica das pessoas trans. No final deste trabalho, apresenta-se a discussão em torno da (des)patologização das transexualidades a partir do surgimento do paradigma centrado nos direitos humanos das pessoas trans e em propostas de autodeterminação dos seus corpos e identidades.

Abstract This study provides a brief historical background of scientific, medical and psychological approaches to transsexualities. It also makes considerations on how such approaches based the concept of pathology that is associated with trans people and how it has been responsible for maintaining the pathologization in the collective imaginary. More specifically, we will establish a chronology of events that, throughout history, have affected the study on and the intervention with trans people, based on the biomedical model. We will also refer to some Western figures responsible for creating this biomedical vision of trans people. Finally, the discussion about the (de)pathologization of transsexualities is presented, based on the emergence of the paradigm centered on the human rights of trans people and proposals for self-determination of their bodies and identities.

Becoming in Resistance: The (Un)Creative Relation Between Non-heterosexual Identity and Psychological Suffering.

This article aims at theorizing a creative and processual theory of non-heterosexual identity. It will be argued that, so far, scholars have tended to theorize non-heterosexual identity from a monologic perspective, which establishes one-sidedly a casual and/or unproblematic relation between the emergence of forms of psychological suffering and the development of a non-heterosexual identity. Although it must be recognized that such a claim is important at a political level, at a subjective level, it leaves non-heterosexual people destined to be flooded by distressing and painful emotional states. To counter monologism within theorisations of non-heterosexual identity development, without ignoring the negative impacts of heteronormativity, it will be argued that non-heterosexual identity needs to be theorized (1) as part of a creative process situated in a specific sociohistorical context marked by heteronormativity, (2) as part of a situated process that produces and never ceases to produce multiple effects (self-states), which are unified to create an identity, and (3) as part of a situated process of creation that can be artificially transformed through art. These are the three claims that will move forward the argument of this article.

For a Vygotskian concept of nurse professional identity: reflective essay / Por un concepto vigotskiano de la identidad profesional del enfermero: ensayo reflexivo / Por um conceito vigotskiano da identidade profissional do enfermeiro: ensaio reflexive

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the nurse professional identity from a vygotskian perspective and to understand its implications in the education process of nursing students. Methods: theoretical-reflexive study, based on the historical-cultural approach of Lev Seminovich Vigotski. Results: the perspective of human cultural development defended by Vigotski can support an understanding of nurse professional identity as a complex psychological construction, which takes into account both the elements of the historical-cultural context that circumscribes the profession and the subject, as well as the set of psychological functions, developed by the subject in personal and professional relationships. Final considerations: the professional identity formation necessarily passes through the social relations that take place in formative process and it places the nursing professor in relief in the conduct of learning, which results not only in appropriations of attributes and codes, but also in students psychological development.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la identidad profesional del enfermero a partir de una perspectiva vigotskiana y comprender sus implicaciones en la formación de los alumnos de enfermería. Métodos: Estudio teórico-reflexivo, basado en el enfoque histórico-cultural de Vigotski. Resultados: la perspectiva de desarrollo cultural humano defendida por Vigotski puede fundamentar una comprensión de identidad profesional del enfermero como una compleja construcción psicológica, que tiene en cuenta tanto los elementos del suelo histórico-cultural que circunscribe la profesión y el sujeto, como el conjunto de funciones psicológicas, desarrollado por el sujeto en las relaciones personales y profesionales. Consideraciones finales: la formación de la identidad profesional pasa necesariamente por las relaciones sociales en el proceso formativo y que colocan al profesor enfermero en relieve en la conducción del aprendizaje, que resulta no sólo en las apropiaciones de atributos y códigos, sino también en el desarrollo psicológico de los estudiantes

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a identidade profissional do enfermeiro a partir de uma perspectiva vigotskiana e depreender suas implicações no processo de formação dos alunos de enfermagem. Métodos: Estudo teórico-reflexivo, baseado na abordagem histórico-cultural de Lev Seminovich Vigotski. Resultados: A perspectiva de desenvolvimento cultural humano defendida por Vigotski pode alicerçar uma compreensão de identidade profissional do enfermeiro como uma complexa construção psicológica, a qual leva em conta tanto os elementos do solo histórico-cultural que circunscrevem a profissão e o sujeito quanto o conjunto de funções psicológicas, desenvolvido pelo sujeito nas relações pessoais e profissionais. Considerações finais: A formação da identidade profissional passa, necessariamente, pelas relações sociais que se dão no processo formativo e que colocam o professor enfermeiro em relevo na condução da aprendizagem, resultando não apenas nas apropriações de atributos e códigos, mas também no desenvolvimento psicológico dos estudantes.

Profissionalismo e negociações identitárias de médicos no contexto do programa Mais Médicos / Professionalism and identity negotiations of health professionals in the context of the Mais Médicos program

Resumo Como a chegada de profissionais médicos estrangeiros a postos de saúde brasileiros, no contexto de implantação e vigência do programa Mais Médicos, tensiona os discursos de profissionalismo, e quais os efeitos desse contato para as identificações profissionais desses médicos? Diferentes tipos de formação profissional dentro de uma mesma profissão produzem discursos de profissionalismo concorrentes em posições equivalentes? Neste artigo, buscamos compreender como os médicos constroem suas identidades e negociam o profissionalismo cotidianamente, como se posicionam nesse debate e como lidam com a diferenciação introduzida pela política pública. A metodologia combina técnicas qualitativas, observação direta e entrevistas com médicos estrangeiros e brasileiros. Isso permitiu compreender como se dão os processos de negociação dos discursos identitários, e como eles aparecem e são difundidos na fala dos médicos de um município localizado na região metropolitana de São Paulo. O resultado encontrado foi que não há um sentido fixo e singular para o profissionalismo, cujo significado é objeto de disputa visando a legitimação das perspectivas e das identidades desses sujeitos. Essa negociação se dá a partir das experiências em contexto, mas é recortada pela atuação na medicina de família em contraste com as especializações focais.

Abstract How has the arrival of foreign health professionals to work mainly in health posts with Brazilian physicians caused tension in the discourses of professionalism in the context of the implementation and validity of the "Mais Médicos" program and what are the effects of this contact in their professional identities? Do different types of professional training within the same profession produce competitive discourses of professionalism when in the same work position? This paper analyzes how physicians build their own identities and negotiate their professionalism daily, how they have positioned themselves in this debate, and how they deal with the differentiation introduced by public policies. The methodology adopted combines qualitative techniques, direct observation and in-depth interviews with Brazilian and foreign professionals. Such fieldwork clarified the processes of negotiation related to identity-based discourses and how they appear and are disseminated in the discourse of professionals working in a municipality situated in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. The results show that there is no single, fixed meaning to professionalism, whose meaning is still discussed in order to legitimate subject identities and perspectives. This kind of negotiation is defined by their contextual experiences, but it is intertwined by the practice in family medicine as opposed to focal specializations.

Do lugar de fala ao corpo como lugar de diálogo: raça e etnicidades numa perspectiva comunicacional / From the standpoint of speech to the body as locus of dialogue: race and ethnicities from a communicational perspective / Desde el locus social de quien habla al cuerpo como espacio de diálogo: raza y etnicidades en una perspectiva referente a la comunicación

"Eu sou um pessimista ativo, porque tenho fé". Assim Muniz Sodré se declara ao conceder à Reciis uma entrevista que trata sobre a questão de raça/etnicidades em articulação com os estudos da comunicação. O professor e pesquisador argumenta que a escravidão está enraizada na forma social brasileira, pois a abolição jurídico-política não foi suficiente para abolir os espíritos escravocratas. Mas que é preciso ter fé nas movimentações e contramovimentações sensíveis do corpo do outro, negro, o qual mobiliza as barreiras de imunidade racistas. Sodré entende que a expressão lugar de fala é uma reivindicação efêmera, pois acredita na virtude do corpo como um espaço de diálogo com outros lugares. Em relação aos estudos de comunicação e raça, argumenta que as pesquisas se restringem ainda às descrições das tecnologias da mídia, assim como as pesquisas de maneira geral, mas que esses estudos "têm um papel político forte: eles fazem emergir essa classe intelectual negra que estava submersa". Muniz Sodré é professor emérito da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.

When a Calling Goes Unanswered: Exploring the Role of Workplace Personalizations as Calling Enactments.

Individuals are sometimes unable to realize their callings in their formal careers. The literature has highlighted that such unanswered callings produce negative outcomes in the individual's career and personal life and that coping strategies, such as job and leisure crafting, can help them buffer such consequences. We developed a grounded theory regarding how people cope with their unanswered callings through a previously unexplored strategy in the calling literature: workplace personalization. Our study revealed that through this strategy, individuals retain the aspects of an unanswered calling in their self-concept and then reduce the consequences of not realizing the calling. Some participants enjoy some of the benefits of perceiving a calling, even without performing it in a formal work role. This phenomenon occurs because workplace personalization can be used to represent unanswered callings performed in the past and present, or that are intended to be performed in the future. This form of enactment produces interpersonal and intrapersonal processes that help buffer the negative consequences of not realizing a calling.

The Enactive Approach to Habits: New Concepts for the Cognitive Science of Bad Habits and Addiction.

Habits are the topic of a venerable history of research that extends back to antiquity, yet they were originally disregarded by the cognitive sciences. They started to become the focus of interdisciplinary research in the 1990s, but since then there has been a stalemate between those who approach habits as a kind of bodily automatism or as a kind of mindful action. This implicit mind-body dualism is ready to be overcome with the rise of interest in embodied, embedded, extended, and enactive (4E) cognition. We review the enactive approach and highlight how it moves beyond the traditional stalemate by integrating both autonomy and sense-making into its theory of agency. It defines a habit as an adaptive, precarious, and self-sustaining network of neural, bodily, and interactive processes that generate dynamical sensorimotor patterns. Habits constitute a central source of normativity for the agent. We identify a potential shortcoming of this enactive account with respect to bad habits, since self-maintenance of a habit would always be intrinsically good. Nevertheless, this is only a problem if, following the mainstream perspective on habits, we treat habits as isolated modules. The enactive approach replaces this atomism with a view of habits as constituting an interdependent whole on whose overall viability the individual habits depend. Accordingly, we propose to define a bad habit as one whose expression, while positive for itself, significantly impairs a person's well-being by overruling the expression of other situationally relevant habits. We conclude by considering implications of this concept of bad habit for psychological and psychiatric research, particularly with respect to addiction research.

Música: formando tribos, constituindo identidades sociais / Música: formando tribos, constituyendo identidades sociales / Music: forming tribes, constituting social identities

Neste trabalho investigou-se em que medida a construção da identidade social está relacionada à escolha de um determinado seguimento musical por jovens de uma tribo. Com esse objetivo, buscou-se ainda refletir sobre outras questões a esta relacionada, a saber: como se dá o processo de integração a uma determinada tribo por esses jovens? Como eles, por meio de seu grupo, constroem representações dos demais grupos, do seu próprio grupo e de si mesmo? De que forma se dá as práticas sociais desses indivíduos - tanto ingroup, quanto outgroup? Para atender tais objetivos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com diferentes sujeitos de algumas tribos musicais, que posteriormente foram analisadas qualitativamente por meio de categorias de análise temáticas baseadas na Teoria da Identidade Social de Tajfel e que mostraram como a música pode funcionar como compositora de tribos urbanas e consequentemente de identidades sociais.

In this work we investigated to what extent the construction of the social identity is related to the choice of a certain musical follow-up by young people of a tribe. Through this objective, we look for to reflect on other issues related to it, namely: how does the process of integration of a particular tribe by these young people take place? How do they, through their group, construct representations of the other groups, of their own group and of themselves? How do you give the social practices of these individuals - both in the ingroup and in the outgroup? To meet these objectives, semi-structured interviews with different subjects of some musical tribes were carried out, which were later analyzed qualitatively through thematic analysis categories based on Tajfel's Social Identity Theory and which showed how music can function as a composer of urban tribes and consequently of social identities.

En este trabajo se investigó en qué medida la construcción de la identidad social está relacionada con la elección de un determinado seguimiento musical por jóvenes de una tribu. A través de ese objetivo, se buscó aún reflexionar sobre otras cuestiones a esta relacionada, a saber: cómo proceso de integración a una determinada tribu por esos jóvenes? Como ellos, a través de su grupo, construyen representaciones de los demás grupos, de su propio grupo y de sí mismo? ¿De qué forma se dan las prácticas sociales de esos individuos - tanto en el ingroup, como en el outgroup? Para atender tales objetivos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con diferentes sujetos de algunas tribus musicales, que posteriormente fueron analizadas cualitativamente a través de categorías de análisis temáticas basadas en la Teoría de la Identidad Social de Tajfel y que mostraron cómo la música puede funcionar como compositora de tribus urbanas y consecuentemente de identidades sociales.

'We fight for a better future for our country': Understanding the Ukrainian Euromaidan movement as the emergence of a social competition strategy.

The current research seeks to develop an analysis of Ukraine's Euromaidan social movement in psychological terms. Building on the classic understanding of social competition strategies, we argue that Euromaidan protests can be conceived as an attempt of pro-European Union (EU) Ukrainians to realign the boundaries of the Ukrainian national identity by defeating the alternative pro-Russia integration project championed by the government. In particular, building on the encapsulated model of social identity in collective action, we suggest that Euromaidan is an emergent opinion-based group identity, formed in response to injustice through two self-categorical processes - group-level self-investment into the shared entity (i.e., Ukrainian national category) and disidentification from the alternative Russia-led Customs Union. Using a sample of 3,096 participants surveyed during the protests, we tested our hypotheses with structural equation modelling, where the model accounting for the direct and indirect paths of the self-categorical processes was expected to explain collective action intentions to a great extent than models applying the social identity and encapsulation models of collective action. We found evidence consistent with the proposal that Euromaidan was a pro-EU opinion-based group, formed in response to the government's decision to suspend the EU-Ukraine agreement and around individuals' general perception of unfair government authorities.

Notas sobre el problema del diagnóstico y la patologización de las identidades trans en el DSM / Notes on the problem of diagnosis and pathologization of trans identities in the DSM

El presente trabajo se centra en el campo del psicoanálisis, la psiquiatría y la filosofía, siendo el problema común el de las identidades trans. El objetivo fundamental es realizar un acercamiento al problema del diagnóstico y la patologización de dichas identidades en el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM), a partir de la perspectiva deconstructiva de Judith Butler y la ampliación del concepto de sexualidad que Sigmund Freud introdujo respecto de la psiquiatría decimonónica

The present work focuses on the field of psychoanalysis, psychiatry and philosophy. Trans identities are the common issue that englobes those fields. The aim is to address the problem of diagnosis and pathologization of these identities in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), based on Judith Butler's deconstructive perspective and the extension of the concept of sexuality that Sigmund Freud introduced regarding of nineteenth century psychiatry

História, ciência ou romance? O tema das identidades no futebol brasileiro / History, science or romance? The theme of identities in brazilian football / Historia, ciencia o romance? El tema de las identidades en el fútbol brasileño

Já há algum tempo, uma percepção de crise vem se manifestando no campo das ciências humanas e, por consequência, no campo historiográfico acerca do status de ciência para História de uma forma geral. Trata-se de uma questão de cunho epistemológico e que, assim sendo, repercute e desafia historiadores como um todo, independente das especificidades do seu objeto. O objetivo central deste artigo é problematizar o campo de estudos históricos envolvendo identidade e futebol que se desenvolve no Brasil, a luz daquele diagnóstico de crise. Para tal, parte-se de uma breve apresentação da referida crise, destacando a proposta historiográfica de Jörn Rüsen como forma de superá-la. Na sequência, a partir de uma dada escolha bibliográfica, apresenta-se um panorama geral sobre estudos, no Brasil, envolvendo o tema das identidades no futebol. Finalmente, conclui-se o artigo com alguns apontamentos e a possibilidade do uso da teoria elisiana na escrita da história do esporte.

There is some time, a perception of crisis has been manifesting in the field of human sciences and, consequently, in the historiographic field about the status of science for History in general. It is a question of epistemological nature and, as such, it reverberates and challenges historians as a whole, independent of the specificities of its object. The central aim of this article is to problematize the field of historical studies involving identity and football that develops in Brazil, in light of that crisis diagnosis. For this, a brief presentation of that crisis is realized, highlighting the historiographic proposal of Jörn Rüsen as a way of overcoming it. Following, from a given bibliographic choice, an overview is presented about studies in Brazil involving the theme of football´s identities. Finally, the article concludes with some notes and the possibility of the use of the elisiana theory in the sport´s historiography.

Hace algún tiempo, una percepción de crisis viene manifestándose en el campo de las ciencias humanas y, por consiguiente, en el campo historiográfico acerca del status de ciencia a la Historia de una forma general. Se trata de una cuestión de cuño epistemológico y que, así, repercute y desafía a historiadores como un todo, independiente de las especificidades de su objeto. En este artículo, el objetivo central es problematizar el campo de los estudios históricos sobre identidad y fútbol en Brasil a partir del diagnóstico de crisis. Para eso, presenta lo que es esa crisis, destacando la propuesta de Jörn Rüsen como forma de superarla. Después, desde de una elección bibliográfica, se presenta una descripción general de los estudios en Brasil sobre el tema de las identidades en el fútbol. Por fin, se concluye con apuntes y la posibilidad del uso de la teoría elisiana en la historiografía del deporte.

New species of the orb-weaving spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from oak forests near of the Pico de Orizaba National Park (Veracruz, Mexico).

Seven new species of the genus Chrysometa Simon are described: C. citlaltepetl n. sp., C. triangulosa n. sp., C. rosarium n. sp., C. atotonilco n. sp., C. xamaticpac n. sp. C. puya n. sp. and C. sagicuta n. sp. Species identities were evaluated and sexes for each species matched with a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. These data were analyzed with maximum likelihood and the resulting cladograms separated all species with high support values (95-100) and an average distance of 0.093 %. The genetic signal also agreed with the diagnostic morphological features used to separate these taxa. The sex matching results discovered that the female of C. chipinque Levi actually belongs to C. puya n. sp.; the correct female of C. chipinque is here described for the first time. A redescription of the male of C. chipinque and the female of C. puya is also provided. All species were collected as part of a faunistic inventory from two oak forests near Pico de Orizaba Volcano National Park. A total of 399 adult specimens, 209 females and 195 males, were sorted and identified. Most individuals were collected from medium height vegetation by beating trays and from high vegetation by direct collecting at night. High resolution images for all species are available at www.unamfcaracnolab.com. Finally, the functional anatomy of the epigynum for the species described here is discussed.

Abuelas universitarias: Roles y funciones en la vida profesional y familiar / University grandmothers: Professional roles and functions in the family

Se informa un estudio cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue valorar la función de abuela universitaria y profesionista, en la dinámica familiar, desde la propia subjetivad de mujer y explorar la transformación de su identidad, configuraciones vinculares y el legado a las siguientes generaciones. Se hizo un estudio cualitativo exploratorio, transversal y no experimental en el que participaron 10 mujeres voluntarias, de 40 años o más, por inclusión continua por conveniencia, con entrevistas a profundidad y la aplicación del Cuestionario Mi Envejecer (CME). La mayoría de la producción académica en temática relacionada sobre vida académica de las mujeres y su relación con sus funciones en la familia apunta hacia estrés laboral y a la no inclusión en las tareas domésticas del varón, así como la superposición de la mujer en funciones y roles que la sobrepasan, tratando de cumplir perfecta y exitosamente con los deberes laborales, sin faltar a las demandas de la maternidad. Pero sobre mujeres adultas mayores profesionistas y activas laboralmente, no existen referencias de investigaciones. Por ello es de importancia abordar el tema de la abuelidad desde lo femenino, familia, identidades y las configuraciones vinculares nuevas o alternas a las tradicionales. Reconocer la actividad de las abuelas puede motivar en la mejora de la imagen social de las mujeres mayores, contrarrestando la cultura del viejismo.

The following work is the result of an investigation which by its extension - to be a qualitative study - was necessary to be exposed in two parts. This first part presents the theoretical aspects that support the research as well as the methodology used. The second part will present the results and their analysis, derived from the categories that emerged from the in-depth interviews. It should be mentioned that most of the academic production related to the academic life of women and their relation to their functions in the family - although with a broad reflection and sharp analysis with a gender perspective - points to work stress and non-inclusion in the domestic tasks of the male, as well as the overlapping of the woman in roles and roles that pass her, trying to perfectly and successfully fulfill the labor duties and without missing the demands of motherhood. As well an investigation of mature women in aging processes but in relation to the body exploring from perspectives of pathological aging or with dyes towards active and satisfactory aging, being proposals in which the value of doing over the Being of the woman is emphasized. However, it should be noted that there are no references to research on specific adult work in the labor market in different contexts, but on what has happened to the family relationship of the role of the grandmother who is also inserted in the public world, there are no references. The education of women in Mexico, from the time before the arrival of Spain and until the mid-twentieth century, was marked by education for domestic tasks: maternity, home care, child care, and other activities Home care, the history of women's college education contains elements of exclusion and inclusion. Those who at that time gained access to the university developed strategies to overcome these setbacks. For women to enter the university, many struggles had to happen between opposing forces that did not conceive that there were different alternatives for women and not just being a mother and a wife. The first university students entered in careers and placed themselves in professional environments, which did not represent strong confrontations with the conceptions of gender of the time. Thus, their professional and academic achievements reflected the interplay between their desires and what they were allowed according to their sociocultural context of the historical moment in which they lived. The education of women brought the discovery of their lives, questioning, reflecting, discussing and criticizing their status as women. However, a question arises: Does university life, the professionalization of women, have changed Roles that are played within the family? Are university grandmothers assuming themselves as women conscious of being grandmothers or mothers autonomously and independently of what society expects of them? It is therefore important to address the issues related to the grandparenthood from the feminine, family, identities and the new or alternate configurations to the traditional ones. Thus, the recognition of the activity of the grandmothers can motivate in the improvement of the social image of older women, against subtracting the culture of old. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the role of university and professional grandmother in family dynamics, from the subjectivity of women and explore the transformation of their identity, their configurations, and their legacy to the next generations. Through a qualitative exploratory, transverse and non-experimental study in which 10 volunteer women, aged 40 years and older, were evaluated by continuous inclusion for convenience, with in-depth interviews, and the age-old questionnaire (CME) was also applied.

Esportes náuticos, identidades culturais e o positivismo no Rio Grande do Sul / Nautical sports, cultural identities and positivism in Rio Grande do Sul / Deportes náuticos, identidades culturales y el positivismo en Rio Grande do Sul

O presente estudo busca investigar como os clubes esportivos náuticos assimilaram represen-tações sul-rio-grandenses no início do século XX. Os clubes esportivos náuticos no Rio Gran-de do Sul (RS) foram implantados por imigrantes europeus. A partir do contato cultural que ocorreu entre os imigrantes, novas identidades foram compostas. Neste contexto se constituí-ram as identidades sul-rio-grandenses dos clubes, com novas representações no cenário espor-tivo. O corpus documental foi constituído de fontes impressas, extraídas de documentos ofici-ais dos clubes e jornais que circulavam pelo estado. A análise das fontes ocorreu através do software ATLAS.ti 7.5.6. Por meio da interpretação do cenário dos clubes náuticos no RS, é possível perceber que o estado era heterogêneo culturalmente.

This study aims to investigate how the nautical sports clubs assimilated representations from Rio Grande do Sul in the early twentieth century. The nautical sports clubs in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) were established by European immigrants. New identities were composed from the cultural contact that occurred among immigrants. In this context, the Rio Grande do Sul iden-tities of the clubs were built up with new representations in the sports scene. The documentary corpus consisted of printed sources, drawn from official documents of the clubs and newspa-pers that circulated by the state. Analysis of the sources occurred through software ATLAS.ti 7.5.6. Through the interpretation of the scenario of nautical sports clubs in RS, you can see that the state was culturally heterogeneous.

Este estudio tiene el objetivo de investigar cómo los clubes deportivos náuticos se incorpora-ron a las representaciones de Rio Grande do Sul (RS) a principios del siglo XX. Los clubes deportivos náuticos de la ciudad fueron establecidos por los inmigrantes europeos y, por el contacto cultural, nuevas identidades fueron compuestas. Las identidades del Rio Grande do Sul de los clubes fueron construidos con nuevas representaciones en el escenario deportivo. El corpus documental consistió en fuentes impresas, a partir de documentos oficiales de los clu-bes y periódicos que circularon en la ciudad. El análisis de las fuentes se produjo a través del software ATLAS.ti 7.5.6. La interpretación de la escena de clubes deportivos náuticos de RS muestra que la ciudad era culturalmente heterogénea.