Impact of the chemical modification of tRNAs anticodon loop on the variability and evolution of codon usage in proteobacteria.

Despite the highly conserved nature of the genetic code, the frequency of usage of each codon can vary significantly. The evolution of codon usage is shaped by two main evolutionary forces: mutational bias and selection pressures. These pressures can be driven by environmental factors, but also by the need for efficient translation, which depends heavily on the concentration of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) within the cell. The data presented here supports the proposal that tRNA modifications play a key role in shaping the overall preference of codon usage in proteobacteria. Interestingly, some codons, such as CGA and AGG (encoding arginine), exhibit a surprisingly low level of variation in their frequency of usage, even across genomes with differing GC content. These findings suggest that the evolution of GC content in proteobacterial genomes might be primarily driven by changes in the usage of a specific subset of codons, whose usage is itself influenced by tRNA modifications.

The odyssey of the TR(i)P journey to the cellular membrane.

Ion channels are integral membrane proteins mediating ion flow in response to changes in their environment. Among the different types of ion channels reported to date, the super-family of TRP channels stands out since its members have been linked to many pathophysiological processes. The family comprises 6 subfamilies and 28 members in mammals, which are widely distributed throughout most tissues and organs and have an important role in several aspects of cellular physiology. It has been evidenced that abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, and channel trafficking are associated with several pathologies, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and brain disorders, among others. In this review, we present an updated summary of the mechanisms involved in the subcellular trafficking of TRP channels, with a special emphasis on whether different post-translational modifications and naturally occurring mutagenesis affect both expression and trafficking. Additionally, we describe how such changes have been associated with the development and progress of diverse pathologies associated with the gain or loss of functional phenotypes. The study of these processes will not only contribute to a better understanding the role of TRP channels in the different tissues but will also present novel possible therapeutic targets in diseases where their activity is dysregulated.

Optical Active Meta-Surfaces, -Substrates, and Single Quantum Dots Based on Tuning Organic Composites with Graphene.

In this communication, the design and fabrication of optical active metamaterials were developed by the incorporation of graphene and joining it to different substrates with variable spectroscopical properties. It focuses on how graphene and its derivatives could generate varied optical setups and materials considering modified and enhanced optics within substrates and surfaces. In this manner, it is discussed how light could be tuned and modified along its path from confined nano-patterned surfaces or through a modified micro-lens. In addition to these optical properties generated from the physical interaction of light, it should be added that the non-classical light pathways and quantum phenomena could participate. In this way, graphene and related carbon-based materials with particular properties, such as highly condensed electronics, pseudo-electromagnetic properties, and quantum and luminescent properties, could be incorporated. Therefore, the modified substrates could be switched by photo-stimulation with variable responses depending on the nature of the material constitution. Therefore, the optical properties of graphene and its derivatives are discussed in these types of metasurfaces with targeted optical active properties, such as within the UV, IR, and terahertz wavelength intervals, along with their further properties and respective potential applications.

Epigenetic control of SOX9 gene by the histone acetyltransferase P300 in human Sertoli cells.

Background: The transcription factor SOX9 is a key regulator of male sexual development and Sertoli cell differentiation. Altered SOX9 expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of disorders of sexual development (DSD) in mammals. However, limited information exists regarding the epigenetic mechanisms governing its transcriptional control during sexual development. Methods: This study employed real-time PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence (IIF), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms associated with SOX9 gene transcriptional control in human and mouse Sertoli cell lines. To identify the specific epigenetic enzymes involved in SOX9 epigenetic control, functional assays using siRNAs for P300, GCN5, and WDR5 were performed. Results: The transcriptional activation of SOX9 was associated with selective deposition of active histone modifications, such as H3K4me3 and H3K27ac, at its enhancer and promoter regions. Importantly, the histone acetyltransferase P300 was found to be significantly enriched at the SOX9 enhancers, co-localizing with the H3K27ac and the SOX9 transcription factor. Silencing of P300 led to decreased SOX9 expression and reduced H3K27ac levels at the eSR-A and e-ALDI enhancers, demonstrating the crucial role of P300-mediated histone acetylation in SOX9 transcriptional activation. Interestingly, another histone lysine acetyltransferases like GNC5 and methyltransferases as the Trithorax/COMPASS-like may also have a relevant role in male sexual differentiation. Conclusions: Histone acetylation by P300 at SOX9 enhancers, is a key mechanism governing the transcriptional control of this essential regulator of male sexual development. These findings provide important insights into the epigenetic basis of sexual differentiation and the potential pathogenesis of DSDs.

Andean Crops Germination: Changes in the Nutritional Profile, Physical and Sensory Characteristics. A Review.

Andean crops such as quinoa, amaranth, cañihua, beans, maize, and tarwi have gained interest in recent years for being gluten-free and their high nutritional values; they have high protein content with a well-balanced essential amino acids profile, minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber, and antioxidant compounds. During the germination bioprocess, the seed metabolism is reactivated resulting in the catabolism and degradation of macronutrients and some anti-nutritional compounds. Therefore, germination is frequently used to improve nutritional quality, protein digestibility, and availability of certain minerals and vitamins; furthermore, in specific cases, biosynthesis of new bioactive compounds could occur through the activation of secondary metabolic pathways. These changes could alter the technological and sensory properties, such as the hardness, consistency and viscosity of the formulations prepared with them. In addition, the flavor profile may undergo improvement or alteration, a critical factor to consider when integrating sprouted grains into food formulations. This review summarizes recent research on the nutritional, technological, functional, and sensory changes occur during the germination of Andean grains and analyze their potential applications in various food products.

Semisynthesis of new sulfated heterorhamnan derivatives obtained from green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and evaluation of their anticoagulant activity.

Marine green algae produce sulfated polysaccharides with diverse structures and a wide range of biological activities. This study aimed to enhance the biotechnological potential of sulfated heterorhamnan (Gb1) from Gayralia brasiliensis by chemically modifying it for improved or new biological functions. Using controlled Smith Degradation (GBS) and O-alkylation with 3-chloropropylamine, we synthesized partially water-soluble amine derivatives. GBS modification increase sulfate groups (29.3 to 37.5 %) and α-l-rhamnose units (69.9 to 81.2 mol%), reducing xylose and glucose, compared to Gb1. The backbone featured predominantly 3- and 2-linked α-l-rhamnosyl and 2,3- linked α-l-rhamnosyl units as branching points. Infrared and NMR analyses confirmed the substitution of hydroxyl groups with aminoalkyl groups. The modified compounds, GBS-AHCs and GBS-AHK, exhibited altered anticoagulant properties. GBS-AHCs showed reduced effectiveness in the APTT assay, while GBS-AHK maintained a similar anticoagulant activity level to Gb1 and GBS. Increased nitrogen content and N-alkylation in GBS-AHCs compared to GBS-AHK may explain their structural differences. The chemical modification proposed did not enhance its anticoagulant activity, possibly due to the introduction of amino groups and a positive charge to the polymer. This characteristic presents new opportunities for investigating the potential of these polysaccharides in various biological applications, such as antimicrobial and antitumoral activities.

In silico investigation of the role of miRNAs in a possible developmental origin of prostate cancer in F1 and F2 offspring of mothers exposed to a phthalate mixture.

A previous study using miRNA sequencing revealed that exposure to a mixture of phthalates during pregnancy and lactation dysregulated rno-miR-184 and rno-miR-141-3p in the ventral prostate (VP) of offspring. Here, rno-miR-184 and rno-miR-141-3 expressions were obtained by RT-qPCR in the VP of F1 males as well as in F2 offspring, aiming to establish a relationship with possible oncogenic targets through in silico analyses with multigenerational approach. Additionally, some targets were measured by western blots to highlight a possible relationship between the deregulated miRNAs and some of their targets. VP samples from rats exposed to a mixture of phthalates maternally during pregnancy and lactation (GD10 to PND21-F1) and VP from offspring (F2) were examined. The phthalate mixture at both concentrations (20 µg and 200 mg/kg/day) increased the expression of both miRNAs in the F1 (PND22 and 120) and F2 (descendants of F1-treated males) prostate. Target prediction analysis revealed that both microRNAs are responsible for modulating the expression and synthesis of 40 common targets. A phthalate target association analysis and the HPA database showed an interesting relationship among these possible miRNAs modulated targets with prostate adenocarcinoma and other oncogenic processes. Western blots showed alteration in P63, P53, WNT5, and STAT3 expression, which are targeted by the miRNAs, in the VP of F1/F2 males. The data draw attention to the epigenetic modulation in the prostate of descendants exposed to phthalates and adds to one of the few currently found in the literature to point to microRNAs signature as biomarkers of exposure to plasticizers.

Carcinogenic roles of MAFG-AS1 in human cancers.

The MAF bZIP transcription factor G-antisense RNA 1 (MAFG-AS1) is located on chromosome 17. MAFG-AS1 was upregulated in 15 human cancers. MAFG-AS1 not only suppresses 16 miRNAs but also directly impacts 22 protein-coding genes' expression. Notably, abnormal MAFG-AS1 expression is connected to clinicopathological characteristics and a worse prognosis in a variety of cancers. Moreover, MAFG-AS1 takes its part in the tumorigenesis and progression of various human malignancies by suppressing apoptosis and promoting proliferation, migration, invasion, aerobic glycolysis, ferroptosis, angiogenesis, EMT, and metastasis. Besides, it can predict treatment effectiveness in ER + breast cancer, urothelial bladder carcinoma, and liver cancer by functioning as a trigger of resistance to tamoxifen, sorafenib, and cisplatin. This study systematically presents the functions of MAFG-AS1 in various cancers, as well as the findings of bioinformatics analyses of the MAFG-AS1, which should give clear advice for future research.

Epigenetic Biomarkers of Metabolic Responses to Lifestyle Interventions.

Studies have examined the possible utility of epigenetic phenomena (DNA methylation changes, covalent histone modifications, and miRNA expression patterns) in predicting individual responses to different lifestyle programs. Nonetheless, most available evidence is focused on identifying epigenetic marks eventually associated with body composition and adiposity outcomes, whereas their roles in metabolic endings remain less explored. This document comprehensively reviewed the evidence regarding the use of epigenetic signatures as putative biomarkers of metabolic outcomes (glycemic, lipid, blood pressure, and inflammatory/oxidative stress features) in response to different lifestyle interventions in humans. Although more investigation is still necessary in order to translate this knowledge in clinical practice, these scientific insights are contributing to the design of advanced strategies for the precise management of cardiometabolic risk, gaining understanding on metabolic heterogeneity, allowing for the prediction of metabolic outcomes, and facilitating the design of epigenome-based nutritional strategies for a more customized approach for metabolic alterations treatment under the scope of precision nutrition.

Polyester urethane urea (PEUU) functionalization for enhanced anti-thrombotic performance: advancing regenerative cardiovascular devices through innovative surface modifications.

Introduction: Thrombogenesis, a major cause of implantable cardiovascular device failure, can be addressed through the use of biodegradable polymers modified with anticoagulating moieties. This study introduces a novel polyester urethane urea (PEUU) functionalized with various anti-platelet deposition molecules for enhanced antiplatelet performance in regenerative cardiovascular devices. Methods: PEUU, synthesized from poly-caprolactone, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, and putrescine, was chemically oxidized to introduce carboxyl groups, creating PEUU-COOH. This polymer was functionalized in situ with polyethyleneimine, 4-arm polyethylene glycol, seleno-L-cystine, heparin sodium, and fondaparinux. Functionalization was confirmed using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Bio-compatibility and hemocompatibility were validated through metabolic activity and hemolysis assays. The anti-thrombotic activity was assessed using platelet aggregation, lactate dehydrogenase activation assays, and scanning electron microscopy surface imaging. The whole-blood clotting time quantification assay was employed to evaluate anticoagulation properties. Results: Results demonstrated high biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, with the most potent anti-thrombotic activity observed on pegylated surfaces. However, seleno-L-cystine and fondaparinux exhibited no anti-platelet activity. Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of balancing various factors and addressing challenges associated with different approaches when developing innovative surface modifications for cardiovascular devices.

Protein folding rate evolution upon mutations.

Despite the spectacular success of cutting-edge protein fold prediction methods, many critical questions remain unanswered, including why proteins can reach their native state in a biologically reasonable time. A satisfactory answer to this simple question could shed light on the slowest folding rate of proteins as well as how mutations-amino-acid substitutions and/or post-translational modifications-might affect it. Preliminary results indicate that (i) Anfinsen's dogma validity ensures that proteins reach their native state on a reasonable timescale regardless of their sequence or length, and (ii) it is feasible to determine the evolution of protein folding rates without accounting for epistasis effects or the mutational trajectories between the starting and target sequences. These results have direct implications for evolutionary biology because they lay the groundwork for a better understanding of why, and to what extent, mutations-a crucial element of evolution and a factor influencing it-affect protein evolvability. Furthermore, they may spur significant progress in our efforts to solve crucial structural biology problems, such as how a sequence encodes its folding.

"HLA-C: evolution, epigenetics, and pathological implications in the major histocompatibility complex".

HLA-C, a gene located within the major histocompatibility complex, has emerged as a prominent target in biomedical research due to its involvement in various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders; even though its recent addition to the MHC, the interaction between HLA-C and KIR is crucial for immune responses, particularly in viral infections. This review provides an overview of the structure, origin, function, and pathological implications of HLA-C in the major histocompatibility complex. In the last decade, we systematically reviewed original publications from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Our findings reveal that genetic variations in HLA-C can determine susceptibility or resistance to certain diseases. However, the first four exons of HLA-C are particularly susceptible to epigenetic modifications, which can lead to gene silencing and alterations in immune function. These alterations can manifest in diseases such as alopecia areata and psoriasis and can also impact susceptibility to cancer and the effectiveness of cancer treatments. By comprehending the intricate interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors that regulate HLA-C expression, researchers may develop novel strategies for preventing and treating diseases associated with HLA-C dysregulation.

Current Prospects of Saponins as Promising Anti-Trypanosoma brucei Compounds: Insight into the Mechanisms of Action.

BACKGROUND: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a parasitic infection that may lead to death if left untreated. This disease is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Trypanosoma and is transmitted to humans through tsetse fly bites. The disease is widespread across Sub-Saharan Africa, with 70% of cases in recent reports in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and an average of less than 1000 cases are declared annually. Since there is no appropriate treatment for HAT, steroidal and triterpenoid saponins have been reported to be effective in in vitro studies and might serve as scaffolds for the discovery of new treatments against this disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study aimed to summarize up-to-date information on the anti-Trypanosoma brucei activity of steroidal and triterpenoid saponins. The mechanisms of action of in vitro bioactive compounds were also discussed. METHODS: Information on the anti-Trypanosoma brucei activity of plant saponins was obtained from published articles, dissertations, theses, and textbooks through a variety of libraries and electronic databases. RESULTS: There has been incredible progress in the identification of steroidal and triterpenoid saponins with pronounced in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei. Indeed, more than forty saponins were identified as having anti-T. brucei effect with activity ranging from moderate to highly active. The mechanisms of action of most of these saponins included DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis through downregulation of bcl-2 and MDM2, and upregulation of Bax and Bak, among others. CONCLUSION: Referring to in vitro studies, plant saponins have shown anti-Trypanosoma brucei activity; however, more cytotoxic and in vivo studies and detailed mechanisms of action of the bioactive saponins should be further considered.

Epigenetic Regulation in Heterosis and Environmental Stress: The Challenge of Producing Hybrid Epigenomes to Face Climate Change.

Epigenetic regulation has the potential to revolutionize plant breeding and improve crop yields by regulating gene expression in plants. DNA methylation and histone modifications are key epigenetic modifications that can impact plant development, stress responses, productivity, and yields. Higher-yielding crops not only generate greater profits for farmers and seed producers, but also require less land, water, fuel, and fertilizer than traditional crops for equivalent yields. The use of heterosis in crops can influence productivity and food quality, but producing hybrids with superior agronomic traits to their parents remains challenging. However, epigenetic markers, such as histone methylation and acetylation, may help select parental and hybrid combinations with better performances than the parental plants. This review assesses the potential applications of epigenetics in crop breeding and improvement, rendering agriculture more efficient, sustainable, and adaptable to changing environmental conditions.

Propuesta de modificaciones a la tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades / A Proposal of Modifications to the Technology for Determining Problems and Potentialities

Introducción: Para el desarrollo de la investigación científica, la educación médica ha asumido supuestos que conforman la Teoría de la Educación Avanzada, entre los que se encuentran la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades, descrita por reconocidos pedagogos cubanos. Objetivo: Proponer modificaciones a la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades. Métodos: Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: sistematización, histórico-lógico, sistémico estructural, funcional, análisis documental, concreción-abstracción y modelación. Resultados: Los autores realizaron modificaciones a la Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades en el primer, quinto, sexto y séptimo pasos, con dos acercamientos al objeto de estudio desde lo genérico y holístico a lo particular, de la aproximación al análisis profundo. Se introdujo en la práctica mediante su utilización en una tesis, defendida en 2021, para optar por el título de Doctor en Ciencias de la Educación Médica. Conclusiones: La Tecnología para la determinación de problemas y potencialidades con modificaciones demuestra la flexibilidad y posibilidad de aplicación de la tecnología inicial en otras ciencias, a partir de modificaciones que pudieran introducirse de acuerdo con sus particularidades y complejidades. Esta innovación tecnológica se propone para el desarrollo de la investigación científica en las ciencias de la educación médica con vista a abordar, con un enfoque holístico, sus objetos de estudio y campos de acción(AU)

Introduction: For the development of scientific research, medical education has taken assumptions that make up the theory of advanced education, among which is the technology for determining problems and potentialities, described by renowned Cuban pedagogues. Objective: To propose modifications to the technology for determining problems and potentialities. Methods: Theoretical methods were used: systematization, historical-logical, structural-systemic, functional, documentary analysis, concretion-abstraction, and modeling. Results: The authors made modifications to the technology for determining problems and potentialities in the first, fifth, sixth and seventh steps, with two approaches to the object of study from the generic and holistic to the particular, from approximation to profound analysis. It was introduced into practice through its use in a thesis, defended in 2021, to opt for the degree of doctor of Medical Education Sciences. Conclusions: The technology for determining problems and potentialities with modifications shows the flexibility and possibility of application of the initial technology into other sciences, from modifications that could be introduced according to their particularities and complexities. This technological innovation is proposed for the development of scientific research in the sciences of medical education, in view of approaching, with a holistic perspective, its objects of study and fields of action(AU)

Copper-flavonoid family of complexes involved in alkaline phosphatase activation.

The flavonoid naringenin and a family of naringenin derivative Cu(II) complexes having phenanthroline-based second ligands were selected to study alkaline phosphatase activation. This enzyme plays a critical role in tissue formation, increasing the inorganic phosphate formation, favoring mineralization, and being essential to producing bone mineralization. The effects of those compounds on the function and structure of the enzyme were evaluated by kinetic measurements, fluorescence, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopies. The results showed that naringenin did not affect alkaline phosphatase activity, having a value of the Michaelis-Menten-constant close to the enzyme (Km = 3.07 × 10-6). The binary complex, Cu(II)-naringenin, and the ternary complex Cu(II)-naringenin-phenanthroline behaved as an enzyme activator in all the concentrations range used in this study. Those complexes increased in c.a. 1.9% the catalytic efficiency concerning enzyme and naringenin. The ternary complex Cu(II)-naringenin-bathophenanthroline, provokes an activator mixed effect, dependent on the substrate concentrations. The different kinetic behavior can be correlated with different conformational changes observed under the interaction with ALP. Fluorescence experiments showed a raising of the binding constant with temperature. FTIR determinations showed that the complex with bathophenanthroline modifies the ALP structure but maintains the helical structure. The other copper complexes provoked a structural unfolding, decreasing the α-helix content. None of them affect the dephosphorylation enzyme ability. Even though the interactions and structural modifications on ALP are different, it is evident that the presence of copper favors enzymatic activity. The observed electrostatic interactions probably benefit the dissociation of the bound phosphate. The results suggest potential biological applications for the studied compounds.

Surface Characterization of New ß Ti-25Ta-Zr-Nb Alloys Modified by Micro-Arc Oxidation.

The technique of surface modification using electrolytic oxidation, called micro-arc oxidation (MAO), has been used in altering the surface properties of titanium alloys for biomedical purposes, enhancing their characteristics as an implant (biocompatibility, corrosion, and wear resistance). The layer formed by the micro-arc oxidation process induces the formation of ceramic oxides, which can improve the corrosion resistance of titanium alloys from the elements in the substrate, enabling the incorporation of bioactive components such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. This study aims to modify the surfaces of Ti-25Ta-10Zr-15Nb (TTZN1) and Ti-25Ta-20Zr-30Nb (TTZN2) alloys via micro-arc oxidation incorporating Ca, P, and Mg elements. The chemical composition results indicated that the MAO treatment was effective in incorporating the elements Ca (9.5 ± 0.4 %atm), P (5.7 ± 0.1 %atm), and Mg (1.1 ± 0.1 %atm), as well as the oxidized layer formed by micropores that increases the surface roughness (1160 nm for the MAO layer of TTZN1, 585 nm for the substrate of TTZN1, 1428 nm for the MAO layer of TTZN2, and 661 nm for the substrate of TTZN2). Regarding the phases formed, the films are amorphous, with low crystallinity (4 and 25% for TTZN2 and TTZN1, respectively). Small amounts of anatase, zirconia, and calcium carbonate were detected in the Ti-25Ta-10Zr-15Nb alloy.

Nutriepigenomics in Environmental-Associated Oxidative Stress.

Complex molecular mechanisms define our responses to environmental stimuli. Beyond the DNA sequence itself, epigenetic machinery orchestrates changes in gene expression induced by diet, physical activity, stress and pollution, among others. Importantly, nutrition has a strong impact on epigenetic players and, consequently, sustains a promising role in the regulation of cellular responses such as oxidative stress. As oxidative stress is a natural physiological process where the presence of reactive oxygen-derived species and nitrogen-derived species overcomes the uptake strategy of antioxidant defenses, it plays an essential role in epigenetic changes induced by environmental pollutants and culminates in signaling the disruption of redox control. In this review, we present an update on epigenetic mechanisms induced by environmental factors that lead to oxidative stress and potentially to pathogenesis and disease progression in humans. In addition, we introduce the microenvironment factors (physical contacts, nutrients, extracellular vesicle-mediated communication) that influence the epigenetic regulation of cellular responses. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutrients influence the epigenome, and thus global transcription, is crucial for future early diagnostic and therapeutic efforts in the field of environmental medicine.

Epigenetic reprogramming in cancer: From diagnosis to treatment.

Disruption of the epigenetic program of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer that initiates and propagates tumorigenesis. Altered DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNAs expression are a feature of cancer cells. The dynamic epigenetic changes during oncogenic transformation are related to tumor heterogeneity, unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. This stem cell-like state or the aberrant reprogramming of cancer stem cells is the major challenge in treatment and drug resistance. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, the ability to restore the cancer epigenome through the inhibition of the epigenetic modifiers is a promising therapy for cancer treatment, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Herein, we highlighted the main epigenetic alterations, their potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis and the epigenetic therapies approved for cancer treatment.

Methyl Donor Micronutrients: A Potential Dietary Epigenetic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by an aberrant immune response and persistent inflammation. Its pathogenesis remains unknown; however, a complex interaction between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors has been suggested to cause disease onset. Several studies have demonstrated that epigenetic alterations, such as DNA hypomethylation, miRNA overexpression, and altered histone acetylation, may contribute to SLE onset and the disease's clinical manifestations. Epigenetic changes, especially methylation patterns, are modifiable and susceptible to environmental factors such as diet. It is well known that methyl donor nutrients, such as folate, methionine, choline, and some B vitamins, play a relevant role in DNA methylation by participating as methyl donors or coenzymes in one-carbon metabolism. Based on this knowledge, this critical literature review aimed to integrate the evidence in animal models and humans regarding the role of nutrients in epigenetic homeostasis and their impact on immune system regulation to suggest a potential epigenetic diet that could serve as adjuvant therapy in SLE.