Revascularización en un molar inferior, con un tercio de formación radicular / Revascularization in a lower molar with athird of root formation

Resumen La revascularización amplía, hoy en día, el panorama de cómo recuperar un diente que se encuentra con un tercio de su formación radicular, producto de un evento de necrosis pulpar. El procedimiento indicado por la literatura implica una serie de pasos como el uso de pasta tri o biantibiótica o del hidróxido de calcio, para lograr mayor éxito en la técnica. Sin embargo, hay excepciones a la regla. Se describe un caso clínico, el cual incluyó una revascularización no planeada y a la cual, como consecuencia de los materiales utilizados, el diente respondió de excelente manera. Se modificaron las técnicas descritas en la literatura y se logró la formación radicular, demostrada a nivel radiográfico, aún en presencia de una fuerte infección, la cual se drenó por tejido extraoral, manifestando el alto grado de concentración bacteriana en la zona afectada. Como resultado, una vez más se muestra el potencial de regeneración, diferenciación y capacidad de respuesta de las células madre. El caso clínico tiene una evolución de 8 años.

Abstract Nowadays, revascularization gives us a wider panoramic in saving a tooth from pulp necrosis. The procedure involves a series of steps, including the use of antibiotic paste to increase the chance of success. However, some exceptions may apply to the rule. A clinical case is described, which -as a consequence of the use of specific materials- was transformed into a revascularization case. The revascularization technique was modified and a radicular formation was accomplished, as shown in the main X ray, even with a severe infection which was drained by extraoral tissue, demonstrating a higher level presence of bacteria in the affected area. As a result, this clinical case showed the potential of pulp regeneration and most importantly, the potential of stem cells and its differentiation and response capacity. The case has an evolution of eight years.

Tapón apical con biocerámicos: tratamiento del ápice abierto en una cita

El trauma dental es una causa frecuente de necrosis pulpar en piezas anteriores, a edades tempranas, lo que detiene el desarrollo radicular y complica el manejo del caso. La apexificación con hidróxido de calcio ha sido el tratamiento de elección durante muchos años; sin embargo, requiere de muchas citas y se ha informado que su uso a largo plazo puede debilitar las paredes dentinales. Con el surgimiento de los materiales a base de biocerámicos, es posible realizar este tipo de tratamiento en una sola sesión y con resultados más predecibles. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el manejo de la apexificación en una cita mediante la creación de un tapón apical con MTA y su seguimiento a 4 años.

Dental trauma is a frequent cause of pulp necrosis in anterior teeth, at an early age, which stops root development and complicates case management. Apexification with calcium hydroxide has been the treatment of choice for many years, however, it requires many appointments and it has been reported that its long-term use can weaken the dentinal walls. With the emergence of materials based on bioceramics, it is possible to perform this type of treatment in a single session and with more predictable results. Therefore, the objective of this article is to show the management of the apexification in an appointment by creating an apical plug with MTA and its follow up to 4 years.

Apical Barrier Formation After Incomplete Orthograde MTA Apical Plug Placement in Teeth with Open Apex - Report of Two Cases

Two cases are reported in which incomplete placement of 4 mm mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug was performed unintentionally at the apical third of permanent immature teeth with open apex and apical periodontitis. As confirmed radiographically, there were gaps between MTA and dentinal walls along the MTA-dentin interface. After setting of MTA was confirmed, endodontic treatment was completed and access was sealed with composite resin. At 6 to 16 months follow-up examinations, formation of dentin in contact with the MTA surface, as well as apical closure and periapical healing were ideied radiographically for both cases. The results of these cases showed that apical barrier formation and complete periapical healing is possible despite the incomplete apical placement of the MTA plug. This might be due to the biological properties of the MTA. Even so, an incomplete three-dimensional placement of the filling material is not advocated.

Healing of a tooth with an overinstrumented apex, extensive transportation and periapical lesion using a 5 mm calcium hydroxide apical plug: an 8-year follow-up report

Besides the risk of filling material extrusion throughout the apex, a satisfactory apical seal can be difficult to achieve in canals with open apices or iatrogenic enlargements of the apical constriction. These situations pose a challenge to root canal filling. This paper describes the root canal filling of a maxillary right canine with an overinstrumented apex, complete loss of the apical stop, extensive canal transportation and apical periodontitis. A 5 mm calcium hydroxide apical plug was placed before root canal filling. The plug was made by soaking paper points with saline, dipping the points in calcium hydroxide powder and then applying it to the apex several times, until a consistent apical plug was obtained. The canal was then irrigated with saline in order to remove any residual calcium hydroxide from the root canal walls, dried with paper points and obturated with an inverted #80 gutta-percha cone and zinc oxide-eugenol based sealer by the lateral condensation technique. An 8-year radiographic follow-up showed formation of mineralized tissue sealing the apical foramen, apical remodeling and no signs of apical periodontitis.

Além do risco de extrusão periapical de material obturador pelo ápice, pode ser difícil conseguir um bom selamento apical em dentes com rizogênese incompleta ou alargamentos iatrogênicos da constrição apical. Casos assim representam um desafio durante a obturação do canal. Este caso clínico descreve a obturação de um canino superior direito com perda total da constrição apical por sobreinstrumentação, transporte excessivo e lesão periapical. Antes da obturação foi feito um tampão apical de hidróxido de cálcio com 5 mm de extensão. Para a realização do tampão, pontas de papel absorvente foram umedecidas em soro fisiológico, levadas ao pó do hidróxido de cálcio para absorvê-lo e aplicadas várias vezes no ápice até se conseguir um tampão apical consistente. Em seguida o canal foi irrigado com solução salina para a remoção de eventuais resíduos de hidróxido de cálcio das suas paredes, secado com pontas de papel absorvente e obturado com um cone #80 de guta percha invertido e cimento obturador à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol pela técnica da condensação lateral. O acompanhamento radiográfico de 8 anos mostrou selamento apical por tecido mineralizado, remodelação do ápice e reparo da lesão periapical.