Becoming a (Neuro)migrant: Haitian Migration, Translation and Subjectivation in Santiago, Chile.

Based on a multi-sited ethnography conducted over 14 months in northern Santiago, I examine how the introduction of a series of health policies and the global mental health agenda has interacted with and impacted Haitian migrants in the context of a postdictatorship neoliberal Chile (1990-2019). Specifically, I explore the interactions between health and social institutions, mental health practitioners, psy technologies, and Haitian migrants, highlighting migrants' subjectivation processes and everyday life. I argue that Haitian migrants engage with heterogeneous subjectivation processes in their interactions with health and social institutions, challenging normative values of integration into Chilean society. These processes are marked not only by the presence of, or exposure to, psy interventions and mental health discourses but also by the degree of compatibility between a psychiatric and neurological language and Haitians' ideals and moral frameworks.

Preoperative planning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: plain radiographs vs. computed tomography scan vs. navigation vs. augmented reality.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has become a highly successful treatment option for various shoulder conditions, leading to a significant increase in its utilization since its approval in 2003. However, postoperative complications, including scapular notching, prosthetic instability, and component loosening, remain a concern. These complications can often be attributed to technical errors during component implantation, emphasizing the importance of proper preoperative planning and accurate positioning of prosthetic components. Improper baseplate and glenosphere positioning in RSA have been linked to impingement, reduced range of motion, and increased scapular notching. Additionally, the relationship between component positioning and intrinsic stability of RSA has been established, with glenoid component retroversion exceeding 10° posing a risk to implant stability. Adequate initial glenoid baseplate fixation, achieved through optimal seating and the use of appropriate screws, is crucial for long-term success and prevention of early failure. Factors such as lateralization and distalization also influence outcomes and complications in RSA, yet standardized guidelines for preoperative planning in these parameters are still lacking. Despite the impact of component position on outcomes, glenoid component implantation remains challenging, with position errors being common even among experienced surgeons. Challenges arise due to factors such as deformity, bone defects, limited exposure, and the absence of reliable bony landmarks intraoperatively. With the evolving understanding of RSA biomechanics and the significance of implant configuration and positioning, advancements in preoperative planning and surgical aids have emerged. This review article explores the current evidence on preoperative planning techniques in RSA, including plain radiographs, three-dimensional imaging, computer planning software, intraoperative navigation, and augmented reality (AR), highlighting their potential benefits and advancements in improving implant position accuracy.

Pyogenic spinal infections in patients with chronic liver disease: illustrative case and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic spinal infections (PSIs) are a group of uncommon but serious infectious diseases that are characterized by inflammation of the endplate-disc unit. PSIs are considered more prevalent and aggressive among patients with chronic immunocompromised states. Association between PSIs and liver disease has not been systematically analyzed. The authors performed a systematic review to study baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, and mortality of patients with PSI in the setting of chronic liver disease. OBSERVATIONS: The authors presented the case of a 72-year-old female patient with chronic liver disease who presented with severe low back pain and bilateral lower weakness. Imaging studies showed T10-11 spondylodiscitis. The patient received decompression and fusion surgery with partial neurological improvement. The authors performed a systematic literature search of spondylodiscitis and liver disease, and eight published articles met the studies inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies featured a total of 144 patients, of whom 129 met inclusion criteria (mean age, 60.5 years, range 40 to 83 years; 62% males). Lumbar infection was the most common report (67%), with Staphylococcus aureus (48%) as the main causative microorganism. Neurological compromise was present in 69% of patients. Surgical intervention occurred in 70.5% of patients, and the average duration of antibiotic treatment was 69.4 days. Postoperative complication rate was 28.5%, with a 30- and 90-day mortality of 17.2% and 24.8%, respectively. LESSONS: Pyogenic spondylodiscitis in patients with liver disease was associated with a high rate of neurological compromise, postoperative complications, and mortality.

Conflito com a lei e sexismo: percepções de adolescentes de Sergipe (Brasil) / Conflicto con la ley y sexismo: percepciones de adolescentes de Sergipe (Brasil) / Conflict with the law and sexism: perceptions of adolescents in Sergipe (Brazil)

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é investigar como adolescentes do gênero feminino, em privação de liberdade, percebem a situação de conflito com a lei e o sexismo. Participaram quatro adolescentes que cumpriam medida socioeducativa de privação de liberdade em Sergipe (Brasil). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, interpretadas por meio da análise temática de conteúdo. Emergiram duas categorias: «Diferenças de gênero no ato infracional: a transgressão como característica masculina¼ e «Diferenças de gênero na medida socio-educativa: a obediência como característica feminina¼, indicando o impacto do gênero na percepção dessas adolescentes. Em conjunto, os resultados evidenciam que atentar ao recorte de gênero e às relações entre conflito com a lei e o sexismo são aspectos fundamentais para alcançar o ideário da legislação brasileira, o atendimento às especificidades das adolescentes numa proteção integral e igualitária.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es investigar cómo adolescentes, privadas de libertad, perciben la situación de conflicto con la ley y el sexismo. Participaron cuatro adolescentes que cumplían medida so-cioeducativa de privación de libertad en Sergipe (Brasil). Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, interpretadas mediante análisis de contenido temático. Surgieron dos categorías: «diferencias de género en la infracción: la transgresión como característica masculina¼ y «diferencias de género en la medida socioeducativa: la obediencia como característica femenina¼, indicando el impacto del género en la percepción de estas adolescentes. En conjunto, los resultados muestran que la atención al género y la relación entre conflicto con la ley y sexismo son aspectos fundamentales para lograr los ideales de la legislación brasileña, que es respetar las especificidades de las adolescentes en una protección integral e igualitaria.

Abstract This study aims to research how female adolescents who are deprived of their liberty perceive the relationship between their conflict with the law and sexism. The participants were four adolescents who were detained in a correctional facility in Sergipe (Brazil). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and these were interpreted using thematic content analysis. Two categories emerged: «Gender differences in infractions: transgression as a male characteristic¼ and «Gender differences in so-cioeducational scenarios: obedience as a female characteristic¼, highlighting the impact of gender on the perceptions of these adolescents. The results obtained through this research indicate that concentrating gender and the relationship between conflict with the law and sexism are fundamental aspects for achieving ideal legislation that respects the specific situations experienced by adolescents and provides them with integrated and equal protection.

Atravessamentos entre discursos psi e discursos religiosos na sociedade em vias de midiatização / Crossroads between psychological and religious discourses in mediatized society

O campo religioso agencia-se na cena midiática, movido pelo interesse de inserção cultural, ampla disseminação e pelas emergentes formas de vinculação social com seu público, reconfigurando, a partir dessa entrada, sua lógica de funcionamento. Semelhante processo também se desenrola com os discursos psi quando se inserem na ambiência midiática. Este trabalho objetivou cartografar os processos de miscigenação e de dissolução de fronteiras que se desenham entre os discursos religiosos e os saberes psi. Analisamos oito episódios do programa "Show da Fé" e comparâmo-lo com os discursos psicológicos circulantes na mídia. Pudemos perceber que quando adentram a lógica da midiatização, as práticas religiosas são tensionadas em seus referentes canônicos, contudo, alguns elementos se mantêm, como governo das almas e externalização de conteúdos íntimos, características que em se aproximam da Psicologia na ambiência midiática.

Desempeño de PSI/PORT y SOFA para predicción de ventilación mecánica invasiva en neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 / Performance of PSI/PORT and SOFA in predicting mechanical invasive ventilation in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia / Desempenho de PSI/PORT e SOFA para prever ventilação mecânica invasiva na pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2

Resumen Introducción: Son escasas las publicaciones sobre aplicación de escalas pronósticas para predecir el uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) en neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de las escalas PSI/PORT y SOFA para predecir el uso de VMI en pacientes con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes hospitalizados con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 del 01 de abril al 31 de mayo de 2020. Se realizó análisis de curvas ROC, calculando el área bajo la curva de las escalas PSI/PORT y SOFA, así como sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos. Resultados: Se incluyó a 151 pacientes, con edad de 52 años (IQR 45-64); 69.5% eran hombres. Del total, 102 pacientes necesitaron VMI (67.5%). Las áreas bajo las curvas ROC para predecir VMI fueron: SOFA 0.71 (IC 95% 0.64-0.78) y PSI/PORT 0.78 (IC 95% 0.71-0.85). Al compararlas, no hubo significancia estadística (p = 0.08). Conclusiones: Las escalas SOFA y PSI/PORT pueden infraestimar la necesidad de VMI en la neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. En nuestro estudio, SOFA y PSI/PORT no tuvieron un buen desempeño para predecir el uso de VMI en pacientes hospitalizados con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract Introduction: There are few publications on the application of prognostic scales to predict the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Therefore, the study's objective was to evaluate the performance of PSI/PORT and SOFA in predicting the use of IMV in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Material and methods: A retrospective study that included hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia from April 01, 2020, to May 31, 2020. Analysis of ROC curves was performed, calculating the area under the curve for PSI/PORT and SOFA scores, as well as sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Results: 151 patients were included, aged 52 years (IQR 45-64); 69.5% were men. Of the total, 102 patients required IMV (67.5%). Area under the curve to predict IMV were: SOFA 0.71 (95% CI 0.64-0.78) and PSI/PORT 0.78 (95% CI 0.71-0.85). When comparing them, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.08). Conclusions: In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, SOFA and PSI/PORT may underestimate the need for IMV. In our study, SOFA and PSI/PORT score performed fair in predicting IMV use in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

Resumo Introdução: Existem poucas publicações sobre a aplicação de escalas prognósticas para prever o uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) na pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desempenho do PSI/PORT e SOFA para prever o uso de IMV em pacientes com pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2. Material e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu pacientes internados com pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2 entre 1o de abril de 2020 e 31 de maio de 2020. Foi realizada análise da curva ROC, calculando a área sob a curva PSI/PORT e SOFA, bem como a sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 151 pacientes, com idade de 52 anos (IQR 45-64); 69.5% eram homens. Do total, 102 pacientes necessitaram de VMI (67.5%). As áreas sob as curvas ROC para predizer VMI foram: SOFA 0.71 (IC 95% 0.64-0.78) e PSI/PORT 0.78 (IC 95% 0.71-0.85). Ao compará-los, não houve significância estatística (p = 0.08). Conclusões: SOFA e PSI/PORT podem subestimar a necessidade de VMI na pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2. Em nosso estudo, SOFA e PSI/PORT não tiveram bom desempenho na previsão do uso de VMI em pacientes hospitalizados com pneumonia por SARS-CoV-2.

Patient-specific instrumentation reduces deviations between planned and postosteotomy humeral retrotorsion and height in shoulder arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) may potentially improve humeral osteotomy in shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare the deviation between planned and postosteotomy humeral inclination, retrotorsion, and height in shoulder arthroplasty, using PSI vs. standard cutting guides (SCG). METHODS: Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were allocated to undergo humeral osteotomy using either PSI or SCG, such that the 2 groups have similar age, gender, and side. Preosteotomy computed tomography (CT) scan was performed and used for the 3-dimensional (3D) planning. The osteotomy procedure was performed using a PSI designed for each specimen or an SCG depending on the group. A postosteotomy CT scan was performed. The preosteotomy and postosteotomy 3D CT scan reconstructions were superimposed to calculate the deviation between planned and postosteotomy inclination, retrotorsion, and height. Outliers were defined as cases with 1 or more of the following deviations: >5° inclination, >10° retrotorsion, and >3 mm height. The deviation and outliers in inclination, retrotorsion, and height were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The deviations between planned and postosteotomy parameters were similar among the PSI and SCG groups for inclination (P = .260), whereas they were significantly greater in the SCG group for retrotorsion (P < .001) and height (P = .003). There were 8 outliers in the SCG group, compared with only 1 outlier in the PSI group (P = .005). Most outliers in the SCG group were due to deviation >10° in retrotorsion. CONCLUSION: After 3D planning, PSI had less deviation between planned and postosteotomy humeral retrotorsion and height, relative to SCG.

Saberes psi y género: narrativas de psicólogos/as y psiquiatras a partir de las transformaciones en torno a derechos y demandas de los movimientos de la disidencia sexual en Argentina / Conhecimento psi e gênero: narrativas de psicólogos e psiquiatras a partir de transformações sobre direitos e demandas dos movimentos de dissidência sexual na Argentina / Psi knowledge and gender: narratives of psychologist and psychiatrists based on the transformations around the rights and demands of the sexual dissidence movements in Argentina

Resumen Partiendo de una investigación sobre los modos en que desde los saberes psi se interpretan y narran conocimientos y formas de intervención en relación al género y la sexualidad, este trabajo analiza las narrativas de profesionales en torno a sus experiencias a partir de las transformaciones en dichas temáticas en Argentina. Es decir, se examinan las discusiones internas a este campo teniendo en cuenta que estos saberes expertos constituyen tecnologías atravesadas por una matriz sexo-generizada que interviene en los modelos de producción de subjetividad. En las últimas décadas, se ha asistido a cambios en la esfera social y jurídica a partir del reconocimiento de derechos y mayor visibilidad de las demandas de los movimientos de la disidencia sexual y se han problematizado nociones y formas de intervención. Estos cambios repercuten en las narrativas psi como una cuestión "novedosa" de la cual se tiene poca información a pesar de que se trata de cuestiones que están planteadas por los movimientos de la disidencia sexual desde hace décadas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa y se han realizado entrevistas en profundidad a psicólogos/as y psiquiatras que trabajan en Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Abstract Based on a research study about how psi knowledge describe and interpreted therapeutic processes regarding gender and sexuality, this paper analyze the narratives of professionals around their experiences about this topic based on the transformations in these themes in Argentina. That is, this article analyze intern psi debates taking into account that this discipline constitute technologies based on a specific way to study gender and to intervene in processes of subjectification. Social and legal changes about sexuality and gender affect psi knowledge because, from the narratives of professionals, these transformations are seen as something "new" and as a "novelty". For this study, a qualitative methodology was used, and the technique was the analysis drawn from 30 interviews with psychologists/psychiatrists from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Resumo A partir de uma pesquisa sobre as formas de abordagem das questões relacionadas ao gênero e à sexualidade no campo psi, examinam-se as narrativas dos profissionais sobre modelos de produção de conhecimento e tensões internas a partir dos direitos adquiridos e reivindicações dos movimentos de dissidência sexual nas últimas décadas na Argentina. Ou seja, as discussões internas desse campo são examinadas levando em conta que esses saberes periciais constituem tecnologias atravessadas por uma matriz sexo-gênero que intervém nos modelos de produção de subjetividade. Nas últimas décadas, ocorreram mudanças na esfera social e jurídica a partir do reconhecimento de direitos e maior visibilidade das demandas dos movimentos de dissidência sexual, problematizando noções e formas de intervenção. Essas mudanças reverberam nas narrativas psi como uma "nova" questão sobre a qual há pouca informação, apesar de serem questões levantadas por movimentos de dissidência sexual há décadas. A técnica utilizada foi a análise de narrativas de entrevistas com psicólogos e psiquiatras que atuam em Buenos Aires.

Photosystem I Inhibition, Protection and Signalling: Knowns and Unknowns.

Photosynthesis is the process that harnesses, converts and stores light energy in the form of chemical energy in bonds of organic compounds. Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (i.e., plants, algae and cyanobacteria) employ an efficient apparatus to split water and transport electrons to high-energy electron acceptors. The photosynthetic system must be finely balanced between energy harvesting and energy utilisation, in order to limit generation of dangerous compounds that can damage the integrity of cells. Insight into how the photosynthetic components are protected, regulated, damaged, and repaired during changing environmental conditions is crucial for improving photosynthetic efficiency in crop species. Photosystem I (PSI) is an integral component of the photosynthetic system located at the juncture between energy-harnessing and energy consumption through metabolism. Although the main site of photoinhibition is the photosystem II (PSII), PSI is also known to be inactivated by photosynthetic energy imbalance, with slower reactivation compared to PSII; however, several outstanding questions remain about the mechanisms of damage and repair, and about the impact of PSI photoinhibition on signalling and metabolism. In this review, we address the knowns and unknowns about PSI activity, inhibition, protection, and repair in plants. We also discuss the role of PSI in retrograde signalling pathways and highlight putative signals triggered by the functional status of the PSI pool.

Late correction of orbital deformities using customized 3D implant / Corrección tardía de deformidades de órbita usando implantes personalizados 3D

SUMMARY: Late orbital reconstruction is a complex and challenge for surgeons. The aim of this article is to present complex orbital reconstruction using patient specific implant (PSI) strategy and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). A literature review and a cases series of sequelae after complex orbital trauma are presented; cases with great middle third deformities showing defect in the maxilla, nasal area, body of the zygoma and zygomatic arch were included; in both cases the sequelae was for more than 10 years. Virtual planning and PEEK implants were manufacture using a puzzle (two or three parts) by 3D print or injection. Patients were treated and their surgeries carried out without complications, using a minimal surgical approach. No infections were observed, and after 12 months follow-up they were stable showing normal function. PSI based-PEEK for orbital reconstruction are safe, efficient, effective and to obtain orbital morphology with low complications.

RESUMEN: La reconstrucción tardía de la órbita es un desafío complejo para cirujanos. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar la reconstrucción orbitaria compleja utilizando implante paciente específico (PSI) y polietereterketona (PEEK). Son presentados una revisión de literatura y una serie de casos con secuelas posteriores a un trauma orbitario complejo; además, son presentados casos con gran deformidad del tercio medio del rostro mostrando defectos en maxila, área nasal, cuerpo del hueso cigomático y arco cigomático; ambos casos de secuela fueron por más de 10 años. Planificación virtual e implantes en PEEK fueron creados usando una estrategia de puzzle (dos o tres partes) por inyección o impresión 3D. Los pacientes fueron tratados y sus cirugías realizadas sin complicaciones usando accesos quirúrgicos reducidos. No se observaron infecciones y después de 12 meses de seguimiento permanecieron estables mostrando función normal. Los PSI para reconstrucción orbitaria son seguros, eficientes, efectivos y recuperan morfología de órbita con bajas complicaciones.

Combining the Katritzky Reaction and Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Enhanced Detection of Amino Acid Neurotransmitters in Mouse Brain Sections.

This work describes the development of a system that combines a derivatization protocol based on the Katritzky reaction with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) for the analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters in mouse brain tissues. The system is relatively simple, consisting of spraying the derivatization solution onto a mouse brain section mounted on a glass slide, applying a small volume of solvent to moisten the sample, pressing a triangular paper onto the sample surface to transfer the sample constituents to the paper surface, and using the paper as a substrate for PSI-MS analysis. The Katritzky reaction facilitated the ionization of the amino acids by reacting a pyrylium salt with the amino group of the analytes, forming very stable pyridinium cations, which greatly increased the sensitivity of the PSI-MS analysis. Most of the intensities of the amino acids modified by the Katritzky reaction were more than 10 times greater than the nonderivatized ones. The system was applied for the analysis of brain sections obtained from mice with Parkinson's disease, and the amino acids gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly), two compounds very well-known in studies of Parkinson's disease, were readily detected. The results suggest that the Katritzky reaction combined with PSI-MS might offer a significant advance in the knowledge on protocols that improve the sensitivity of detection of crucial biological compounds.

In vivo tumor growth inhibition by Solanum tuberosum aspartic protease 3 (StAP3) treatment.

Solanum tuberosum aspartic Proteases (StAPs) show selective plasma membrane permeabilization, inducing cytotoxicity of cancer cells versus normal cells in vitro. Herein, we aimed to evaluate both StAP3 systemic toxicity and antitumoral activity against human melanoma in vivo. The toxicity of a single high dose of StAP3 (10 µg/g body weight, intraperitoneally) was assessed in a Balb/c mice model. Subcutaneous A375 human melanoma xenografts in athymic nude (nu/nu) mice were induced. Once tumors developed (mean larger dimension = 3.8 ± 0.09 mm), mice were StAP3-treated (6 µg/g body weight, subcutaneously under the tumor at a single dose). For both models, controls were treated with physiologic saline solution. StAP3-treated mice showed a significant inhibition of tumor growth (p < 0.05) compared with controls. No signs of toxicity were detected in StAP3-treated mice in both models. These results suggest the potential of these plant proteases as anticancer agents.

A New Strategy for the Analysis of Steroid Hormones in Industrial Wastewaters by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

A new approach using paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) for the analysis of steroid hormones in wastewater samples has been demonstrated. Triangular papers containing paraffin barriers as microfluidic channels were used to direct the sample solution to the paper tip, preventing the sample from spreading over the corners of the paper. The method was used to analyze the hormones levonorgestrel and algestone acetophenide in industrial wastewaters. Analytical curves presented a correlation coefficient (R2) above 0.99. Limits of quantification were below 2.3 ppm and limits of detection below 0.7 ppm. Values of precision (coefficient of variation) and accuracy (relative error) were less than 15% for all analyses. Recovery results ranged from 82% to 102%. Levonorgestrel was also analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in order to compare the analytical performance with PSI-MS. No statistically significant differences were found between both methods. This study demonstrates the usefulness of PSI-MS for rapid analysis of hormones in industrial wastewater samples and also indicates its potential to be employed as a simple and reliable analytical method in environmental sciences.

Exploring the chemical profile of designer drugs by ESI(+) and PSI(+) mass spectrometry-An approach on the fragmentation mechanisms and chemometric analysis.

The consumption of design drugs, frequently known as new psychoactive substances (NPS), has increased considerably worldwide, becoming a severe issue for the responsible governmental agencies. These illicit substances can be defined as synthetic compounds produced in clandestine laboratories in order to act as analogs of schedule drugs mimetizing its chemical structure and improving its pharmacological effects while hampering the control and making regulation more complicated. In this way, the development of new methodologies for chemical analysis of NPS drugs is indispensable to determine a novel class of drugs arising from the underground market. Therefore, this work shows the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) applying different ionization sources such as paper spray ionization (PSI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) in the evaluation of miscellaneous of seized drugs samples as blotter paper (n = 79) and tablet (n = 100). Also, an elucidative analysis was performed by ESI(+)MS/MS experiments, and fragmentation mechanisms were proposed to confirm the chemical structure of compounds identified. Besides, the results of ESI(+) and PSI(+)-FT-ICR MS were compared with those of GC-MS, revealing that ESI(+)MS showed greater detection efficiency among the methodologies employed in this study. Moreover, this study stands out as a guide for the chemical analysis of NPS drugs, highlighting the differences between the techniques of ESI(+)-FT-ICR MS, PSI(+)-FT-ICR MS, and GC-MS.

«Aconchego do Lar¼: Discutindo o Serviço de Acolhimento Familiar / "Warmth of Home": Discussing the Foster Care Service / «Acogida del hogar¼: discutiendo el Servicio de Acogimiento Familiar

Resumo (analítico) O Serviço de Acolhimento Familiar (SAF) se encontra inserido num processo de reformulação da política de proteção dos direitos do público infantojuvenil. Assim, discute-se a implantação do SAF em um município do Nordeste brasileiro, sob a perspectiva dos profissionais do SAF, famílias (acolhedora e de origem), criança acolhida, Conselho Tutelar, Promotor de Justiça e Juiz. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizou-se a análise das concepções sobre o SAF, como uma alternativa de cuidados à população infantojuvenil. O estudo mostra que o SAF é considerado uma alternativa de atendimento às crianças e adolescentes, sendo ressaltada a atenção individualizada e a afetividade no contexto do acolhimento. Todavia, existem desafios a serem vencidos, como a maior divulgação do SAF, demonstrando, assim, que ele ainda não se consolidou na rede de atendimento.

Abstract (analytical) The Foster Care Service (FCS) is part of a reformulation of the protection policy for children and adolescents' rights. The implementation of the FCS in a Brazilian north-eastern municipality is discussed based on the perspectives of professionals, families (foster and biological), foster children, members of the Guardianship Council, Justice Promoters and Judges. Using semi-structured interviews, an analysis of the concepts of FCS was carried out as a care alternative for children and youth populations. The study reveals that FCS is regarded as a care alternative for children and young people, emphasizing individualized assistance and affective relationships in foster care. However, there are challenges that need to be overcome, such as an increase in the coverage of FCS, demonstrating as it has not yet been consolidated in service networks.

Resumen (analítico) El Servicio de Acogimiento Familiar (SAF) se encuentra inserto en un proceso de reformulación de la política de protección de los derechos del público infantojuvenil. En este artículo se estudia la implantación del SAF en un municipio del nordeste brasileño, bajo la perspectiva de los profesionales del SAF, familias (acogedora y de origen), niño acogido, Consejo Tutelar, promotor de justicia y juez. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas, se realizó el análisis de las concepciones sobre el SAF, como una alternativa de cuidados a la población infantojuvenil. El estudio muestra que el SAF es considerado una alternativa de atención a los niños y adolescentes, siendo resaltada la atención individualizada y la afectividad en el contexto del acogimiento. Sin embargo, existen desafíos a ser superados, como la mayor divulgación del SAF, demostrando así que todavía no se ha consolidado en la red de atención.

Significados do mundo do crime para adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação, Brasil / Meanings of the 'world of crime' for adolescents at treatment facilities, Brazil / Significados del «mundo del crimen¼ para adolescentes en unidades socioeducativas, Brasil

Resumo (analítico) O objetivo deste estudo é investigar significados atribuídos ao mund do crime por adolescentes em medida socioeducativa de internação. Os participantes do estudo foram 25 adolescentes (15 a 19 anos) do sexo masculino internados em quatro unidades socioeducativas nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram realizados dois grupos focais em cada Estado, interpretados por Análise Temática. Os significados expressos pelos participantes revelaram que a vinculação ao mundo do crime atende a necessidades de segurança econômica, fortalecimento da identidade pessoal, reconhecimento social, senso de pertencimento e proteção física, consistindo em um processo de resiliência oculta. A compreensão das perspectivas dos adolescentes sobre o mundo do crime pode informar práticas de atendimento capazes de atender necessidades materiais e simbólicas e prevenir riscos.

Abstract (analytical) This study aims to comprehend meanings of the world of crime among adolescents at treatment facilities. The participants of this study were 25 male adolescents (15 to 19 years) at four treatment facilities in the states of Espírito Santo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Two focal groups in each state were held, interpreted using the Thematic Analysis technique. The meanings expressed by participants revealed that their affiliation with the world of crime meets their needs of economic security, strengthening of personal identity, social recognition, sense of belonging, and physical protection. Their involvement in the world of crime consists of a hidden resilience process. The comprehension of adolescents' perspectives of the world of crime can inform services so that they are able to meet their material and symbolic needs and prevent risks.

Resumen (analítico) El objetivo de este estudio es comprender significados del mundo del crimen para adolescentes internados en unidades socioeducativas. Los participantes del estudio fueron 25 adolescentes (15 a 19 años) del sexo masculino internados en cuatro unidades en los Estados del Rio Grande do Sul y Espírito Santo, Brasil. Fueron realizados dos grupos focales en cada Estado, interpretados por Análisis Temático. Los significados expresados por los participantes han revelado que la afiliación al mundo del crimen atiende a necesidades de seguridad económica, fortalecimiento de la identidad personal, reconocimiento social, sentido de pertenencia y protección física, lo que consiste un proceso de resiliencia oculta. La comprensión de las perspectivas de los adolescentes sobre el mundo del crimen puede generar prácticas de tratamiento capaces de satisfacer necesidades materiales y simbólicas y prevenir riesgos.

Abnormal childhood in Chile and the experimental pedagogy of Wilhelm Mann (1860-1920) / A infância anormal no Chile e a pedagogia experimental de Wilhelm Mann (1860-1920) / La infancia anormal en Chile y la pedagogía experimental de Wilhelm Mann (1860-1920)

Abstract The analyzes carried out by Michel Foucault in the mid-1970s show the emergence of a disciplinary power in the West and the figure of the "mentally weak" in the educational field. This panorama drives the appearance of various theoretical elaborations and intervention modalities called by the author "psi function", which in the case of childhood reaches a remarkable productivity in France at the beginning of the 20th century. This article takes up these issues in order to investigate, in the case of Chile, the deployment of the psychological knowledge and practices that deal with those children who, for various reasons, fail to adapt to the rules imposed by the school system. A historiographic method was used, through the work of archiving and using primary sources with a complement of secondary sources. Among the findings, the crucial contributions of Wilhelm Mann, a German pedagogue and a pioneer figure of psychology in Chile regarding abnormal childhood at the beginning of the 20th century are analyzed. Based on this, a part of his production is explored and analyzed to illuminate the way in which Mann introduces himself into European institutional debates and models and begins to think about an intervention modality on children at the local level.

Resumo As análises realizadas por Michel Foucault até meados da década de 1970 tratam do surgimento de um poder disciplinar no ocidente e da figura do "débil mental" no contexto educativo. Esse panorama impulsiona a aparição de diversas elaborações teóricas e modalidades de intervenção denominadas pelo autor como "função psi", que, no caso da infância, alcança uma notável produtividade na França do início do século XX. O presente artigo retoma essas questões com o objetivo de indagar, no caso do Chile, o desdobramento desses saberes e práticas psicológicas que se ocupam daquelas crianças que, por diferentes motivos, não conseguem se adaptar às normas impostas pelo dispositivo escolar. Utilizou-se um método de tipo historiográfico, por meio do trabalho de arquivo e uso de fontes primárias com um complemento de fontes secundárias. Entre as descobertas, analisam-se as colaborações cruciais de Wilhelm Mann, pedagogo alemão e figura pioneira da psicologia no Chile, com respeito à infância anormal no início do século XX. Com isso, uma parte de sua produção é explorada e analisada para iluminar o modo em que Mann se introduz nos debates e nos modelos institucionais europeus e começa a pensar em uma modalidade de intervenção sobre a infância em um contexto local.

Resumen Los análisis realizados por Michel Foucault hacia mediados de la década de 1970 dan cuenta del surgimiento de un poder disciplinario en occidente y de la figura del "débil mental" en el ámbito educativo. Este panorama impulsa la aparición de diversas elaboraciones teóricas y modalidades de intervención denominadas por el autor como "función psi", que en el caso de la infancia alcanza una notable productividad en la Francia de comienzos del siglo XX. El presente artículo retoma estas cuestiones con el fin de indagar, en el caso de Chile, el despliegue de esos saberes y prácticas psicológicas que se ocupan de aquellos niños que, por motivos diversos, no logran adaptarse a las normas que impone el dispositivo escolar. Se utilizó un método de tipo historiográfico, mediante el trabajo de archivo y uso de fuentes primarias con un complemento de fuentes secundarias. Entre los hallazgos, se analizan los cruciales aportes de Wilhelm Mann, pedagogo alemán y figura pionera de la psicología en Chile, respecto de la infancia anormal a comienzos del siglo XX. Con esto, se explora y analiza una parte de su producción para iluminar el modo en que Mann se introduce en los debates y los modelos institucionales europeos y comienza a pensar una modalidad de intervención sobre la infancia a nivel local.

Sobre el potencial subjetivante de las prácticas "psi". Cartografía de un dispositivo clínico con niños, niñas y adolescentes, en una favela de Rio de Janeiro / On the Subjective of "psi" practices. Cartography of a clinical device with children and teenagers from a favela in Rio de Janeiro / Sobre o potencial subjetivante das práticas "psi". Cartografia de um dispositivo clínico com crianças e adolescentes em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una investigación realizada entre los años 2014 y 2018 en un dispositivo de abordaje clínico artístico, con niños y adolescentes de una favela de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. La investigación se realizó con el interés de estudiar las potencialidades de creación y transformación que las prácticas "psi" pueden albergar, en un dispositivo localizado y concreto. Se intentó describir y analizar las articulaciones que se produjeron en tanto el dispositivo intentaba llevar adelante su programa de acción, a partir de la estabilización de una controversia. El trabajo se enmarcó en los estudios sobre gubernamentalidad de Michel Foucault así como en el trabajo de Bruno Latour sobre la Teoría del Actor Red. Se utilizó una estrategia metodológica de inspiración cartográfica a partir de un trabajo de inmersión en el campo, acompañando los procesos que los actores del dispositivo fueron desplegando e intentando rastrear sus articulaciones y transformaciones. Se concluyó que el dispositivo investigado logró generar espacios de subjetivación singulares a partir de procesos de estabilización de las controversias que incluyen: el análisis de las afectaciones de los sujetos, en el encuentro con actores humanos y no humanos; el análisis de las controversias en términos de acontecimiento y el desarrollo de una perspectiva epistemológico-política, que posibilitó las transformaciones del dispositivo en función de los problemas que sus sujetos les presentaban.

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present an investigation that was carried out in an artistic clinical approach with children and teenagers from a favela in the city of Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2018. The interest of the investigation was to study the creation and transformation potentialities that the "psi" practices might harbor inside a localized and concrete device. We tried to describe and analyze the articulations that were produced while the device was trying to carry on its action program from the stabilization of a controversy. The work was framed in the governmentality studies of Michel Foucault as well as in the work Actor-Network Theory of Bruno Latour. We used a methodological strategy of cartographic inspiration from a work of immersion in the field that accompanied the processes that the actors of the device were experiencing and trying to track their articulations and transformations. We concluded that the investigated device created singular areas of subjectivation based on processes of stabilization of the controversies that include: the analysis of the affects of subjects, in the gathering with human and non-human actors; the analysis of the controversies in terms of event and the development of an epistemological-political perspective that made possible the device transformations according to the problems that its subjects presented.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma pesquisa realizada entre 2014 e 2018 em um dispositivo de abordagem clínico-artística com crianças e adolescentes de uma favela da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa foi realizada com o interesse de estudar as potencialidades de criação e transformação que as práticas "psi" podem abrigar, em um dispositivo localizado e concreto. Tentou-se descrever e analisar as articulações que ocorreram enquanto o dispositivo tentava realizar seu programa de ação, a partir da estabilização de uma controvérsia. O trabalho foi enquadrado nos estudos governamentais de Michel Foucault, bem como no trabalho de Bruno Latour sobre a Teoria do Ator da Rede. Foi utilizada uma estratégia metodológica de inspiração cartográfica a partir de um trabalho de imersão no campo, acompanhando os processos que os atores do dispositivo estavam implantando e tentando traçar suas articulações e transformações. Concluiu-se que o dispositivo investigado conseguiu gerar espaços singulares de subjetivação a partir de processos de estabilização das controvérsias que incluem: a análise das afetações dos sujeitos, no encontro com atores humanos e não humanos; a análise das controvérsias em termos de evento e o desenvolvimento de uma perspectiva epistemológico-política, que possibilitou as transformações do dispositivo em função dos problemas que seus sujeitos lhes apresentavam.

Etnografia das práticas psis no Facebook / Etnografía de las prácticas psicológicas en el Facebook / Ethnography of the psychological practices on Facebook

Resumo: A intimidade no contemporâneo se faz visível em diferentes dispositivos midiáticos. Os psicólogos clínicos acompanharam essa transformação, deixaram o espaço preservado de seus consultórios ocupando as mídias. Outras versões da psicologia foram inventadas, uma psicologia dita comprometida com o bem-estar coletivo que o proporciona através da divulgação de seu saber e de orientações. Observamos a criação de perfis profissionais de psicólogos que divulgam saberes e práticas psicológicas e respondem aos usuários da rede sobre questões relacionais, emocionais ou comportamentais. Neste recorte estabelecemos o problema proposto: que versões da psicologia são produzida nas páginas de psicólogos no Facebook? A pesquisa revelou versões de Psicologias que ensinam formas de viver apontando um voltar-se para si mesmo como caminho para felicidade.

Resumen: La intimidad en la contemporaneidad se hace visible en diferentes medios. Los psicólogos clínicos acompañaron esta transformación, dejaron el espacio preservado de sus consultorios, ocupando las redes sociales. Es decir, otras versiones de la psicología se han inventado, una psicología comprometida con el bienestar colectivo que se proporciona a través de la divulgación de su saber y de orientaciones. Observamos la creación de perfiles profesionales de psicólogos que divulgan saberes y prácticas psicológicas y contestan a los usuarios de la red acerca de cuestiones relacionales, emocionales o comportamentales. En este artículo establecemos el problema propuesto. ¿Qué versiones de psicología se producen en las páginas de psicólogos en el Facebook? La investigación reveló una versión de Psicología que enseña formas de vivir apuntando a un volverse a sí mismo como el camino para la felicidad.

Abstract: The intimacy in the contemporary makes itself visible through different media devices. Clinical psychologists followed this transformation, let the preserved space in their practices occupying different media. Other versions of psychology were invented, a psychology told to be committed to the collective well-being and that offers it through the disclosure of their knowledge and orientations. We observe the creation of psychologists' professional profiles that share their knowledge and psychological practices and answer to the net users about relationship, emotional or behavioral topics. On this framing we established the following problem: which psychology versions are produced on psychologists' pages on Facebook? The research revealed a psychology version that teaches ways to live life aiming a focus on itself as a way to achieve happiness.

Duración de la oxigenoterapia en pacientes con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad / Duration of oxygen therapy in patients with community acquired pneumonia

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) constituye una causa frecuente de hospitalización y mortalidad en pacientes internados. Distintas escalas pronósticas como el CURB-65 o el Indice de Severidad de la Neumonía (PSI) son utilizados al valorar la admiisión hospitalaria de un paciente con NAC. La hipoxemia es una complicación frecuente de la neumonía. A pesar de esto, hasta nuestro conocimiento, el tiempo requerido de oxigenoterapia en pacientes con NAC hospitalizados en una sala general no ha sido evaluada. Los objetivos del presente estudioi fueron: evaluar los días de oxigenoterapia en pacientes con NAC y su correlación con el puntaje de PSI obtenido en la admisión. Cuarenta y seis pacientes fueron evaluados en forma prospectiva. El promedio general de días de utilización de oxigenoterapia fue de 6,25±5.93 días. Los mayores de 60 años requirieron 2 días más de oxigenoterapia que los más jóvenes (6.7±3.57 vs 4.3±2.70 días, p: 0,07). La media del PSI fue de 135,76±29,94 puntos para mayores de 60 años y 63±30 puntos para los más jóvenes equivalente a las clases de riesgo V y II respectivamente. Los días de oxigenoterapia fueron 7,38±4,09 días para los pacientes de clase V y 3.5±3,53 días para los pacientes de clase I. El coeficiente de correlación lineal entre puntaje PSI y días de oxigenoterapia fue de 0,34 equivalente a una correlación positiva baja. Futuras investigaciones, que incluyan un mayor número de pacientes, serán necesarias en pos de encontrar herramientas pronósticas sobre oxigenoterapia en NAC (AU)

Duration of oxygen therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and its relationship with the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Mayor decision of admission to the hospital, included severity of illness score (CURB-65) or prognostics models such as the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI). Decreased of arterial PO2 un blood gas analysis, occurred in many patients with pneumonia. However, the mean duration of oxygen utilization in patients with CAP has not been evaluated. The goals of the present study were to evaluate the duration in days of oxygen therapy in patients with CAP and correlate the duration of this therapy with the PSI score obtained on admission of the patients. Forty-six patients were prospectively studied. Mean duration of oxygen therapy was 6.25±5,93 days. Patients older than 60 years required 2 days more of oxygen therapy compared with younger population (6,7±3,57 vs 4,3±2,70 days, p: 0,07), Mean PSI was 135,76±29,94 points for patients older than 60 years (class V) and 64±30 points for patients younger than 60 years (class II). Duration of oxygen therapy was 7,38±4,09 days for patients in Class V and 3,50±3,53 days for patients in Class I. Pearson correlation coefficient between PSI and days of oxygen therapy was 0,34, equivalent to a low positive linear correlation. Future studies of larger populations in the duration and utilization of oxygen treatment in hospitalized patients with CAP (AU)