Comparative metabolomics profiling reveals the unique bioactive compounds and astringent taste formation of rosehips.

Rosehips are a prominent source of numerous bioactive compounds. However, despite their extensive potential, the metabolic profiles among different rosehip species have not been fully elucidated. In this study, 523 secondary metabolites from rosehips of 12 Rosa species were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. They were primarily composed of flavonoids and phenolic acids. A K-means analysis revealed the characteristic metabolites in different rosehips. For example, R. persica contained a more abundant supply of phenolic acids, while R. roxburghii harbored a richer array of terpenoids. A total of 73 key active ingredients were screened from traditional Chinese medicine databases, and they indicated that R. persica is more promising for use in functional foods or health supplements compared with the other fruits. Moreover, a differential analysis identified 47 compounds as potential contributors to the astringent taste of rosehips, including ellagic acid 4-O-glucoside and cadaverine. This study provides valuable information to develop new functional foods of rosehips and improve the quality of their fruits.

Morphological and molecular analysis of rose cultivars from the Grandiflora and Kordesii garden groups.

The breeding of remontant rose cultivars that are resistant to diseases and adverse conditions, with high decorative value and continuous flowering is the most important task during work with the gene pool of garden roses. Currently, intercultivar hybridization within a single garden group has largely outlived its usefulness. It is necessary to breed for highly decorative forms or cultivars that have outstanding resistance, morphological characters and patterns of seasonal rhythms, and use these plants as parental forms in further breeding. This study represents a comparative analysis of rose cultivars from two garden groups, Grandiflora (Gurzuf, Lezginka, Korallovy Syurpriz, Queen Elizabeth, Komsomolsky Ogonyok, Love) and Rosa Kordesii (Letniye Zvyozdy, Dortmund, Gutsulochka). These cultivars proved themselves during many years of testing in harsh climatic conditions. The objectives of the study were to determine the genetic relationship within the groups and to assign phenotypically different cultivars to one or another garden group. The analysis was carried out by morphological, phenological and ISSR markers. According to the phenological observations on the Grandiflora cultivars, Komsomolsky Ogonyok had later budding and flowering stages. Polymorphic data generated from the ISSR markers showed that this cultivar was the most distant from the others and formed a separate cluster on the dendrogram. A comparison of the morphological characters (flower diameter, number of petals, peduncle length, bush height) showed a significant difference ( p < 0.05) between Komsomolsky Ogonyok and the other Grandiflora cultivars. A dendrogram based on a molecular analysis showed a lack of close relationships between Komsomolsky Ogonyok and the Kordesii group, which formed a separate cluster. A pairwise comparison of the morphological characters in Komsomolsky Ogonyok with the Kordesii group revealed a significant ( p <0.05) difference in three of the four characters studied. The exceptions were flower diameter when comparing with Dortmund and Letniye Zvyozdy and peduncle length when comparing with Gutsulochka. Although Komsomolsky Ogonyok has a pattern of seasonal development similar to Dortmund in the Kordesii group, the molecular analysis did not assign the former to this group of roses. The cultivars that have valuable characters that no average rose does and that are phenotypically different from such roses represent the most valuable breeding material.

Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals nutritional properties and pigmentation mechanism of tea-scented rosehips.

BACKGROUND: The fruits of the genus Rosa, commonly known as rosehips, have attracted significant attention owing to their rich content of various bioactive compounds. However, their utility is generally secondary to the ornamental appeal of their flowers. This study aimed to explore the quality differences among tea-scented rosehips found in Yunnan, China, including those of Rosa odorata var. odorata (RO), Rosa odorata var. gigantea (RG), and Rosa yangii (RY). Morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of their fruits were evaluated. RESULTS: The study revealed significant variability in composition and biological activities based on fruit color. RO exhibited the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and vitamin C, with the strongest antioxidant activity (10.99 µmol Trolox·g-1 ), followed by RG (7.91 µmol Trolox·g-1 ) and RY (6.52 µmol Trolox·g-1 ). This supports RO's potential as a functional food source. Untargeted metabolomics identified and quantified 502 metabolites, with flavonoids (171) and phenolic acids (147) as the main metabolites. The differential metabolites among the fruits are primarily enriched for flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Insights into color formation supported the role of anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonols in fruit color variation. CONCLUSION: Tea-scented rosehips offer vibrant colors and high nutritional value with potent biological activities. Rosa odorata var. odorata stands out as a functional food source owing to its rich bioactive compounds. These findings lay the groundwork for utilizing rosehips in functional foods, health supplements, and food additives, emphasizing the practical and beneficial applications of Rosa spp. independent of their ornamental value. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cold tolerance identification of nine Rosa L. materials and expression patterns of genes related to cold tolerance in Rosa hybrida.

Members of the Rosa genus have a high ornamental value, but their cultivation area is limited by their sensitivity to cold temperatures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cold tolerance of a range of Rosa materials, and then determine which genes were related to cold tolerance. Nine Rosa materials were subjected to a cold treatment. To identify genes related to cold tolerance, R. hybrida was treated at -15°C for 10 min, and leaves collected before and after this treatment were collected for RNA-Seq analyses. The transcript profiles of four DEGs (POD17, NDUFA9, PMA1, and b-Amy1) in R. hybrida were determined by qRT-PCR at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h at -15°C. Nine Rosa materials were subjected to a cold treatment, and the most cold-tolerant materials were identified as those that showed the lowest levels of electrolyte leakage and the best recovery after 30 d of growth. The most cold-tolerant materials were Rosa hybrida, Rosa rugosa 'Pingyin 12', and Rosa rugosa. In total, 204 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 88 were significantly up-regulated and 116 were significantly down-regulated under cold conditions. Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses showed that the DEGs were enriched in 57 pathways, especially starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, fructose and mannose metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. By transcriptional analysis, PMA1, which was related to H+ ATPase activity, was continuously up-regulated, but the transcript levels of POD17, NDUFA9, and ß-Amy1 fluctuated during the freezing treatment. This research uncovered scarce cold-resistant materials and layed the foundation for further research on the cold tolerance mechanism of Rosa plants and the breeding of cold-tolerant varieties.

Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Fruit of the Genus Rosa L.

We investigated the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in the fruit of Rosa L. cultivars grown in Lithuania. The highest total content of phenolic compounds (50.13 ± 4.17 mg GAE/g, p < 0.05) was determined in fruit samples of Rosa pimpinellifolia L. cultivar "Single Cherry". The highest levels of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were determined in fruit samples of Rosa rugosa Thunb. cultivars "Dart's Defender" and "Adam Chodun". The highest flavonoid content was determined in fruit samples of Rosa multiflora Thunb. cultivar "Nana" and R. multiflora species. The strongest antioxidant activity evaluated by applying DPPH and FRAP assays was determined in fruit extracts of R. pimpinellifolia cultivar "Single Cherry" and R. rugosa cultivar "Adam Chodun". Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in Rosa L. fruit was performed by applying UHPLC. The following phenolic compounds were identified in fruit samples: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, quercitrin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, rutin, phloridzin, and kaempferol-3-O-glycoside. A strong correlation was determined between the total amount of phenolic compounds determined in extracts of the fruit samples of Rosa L. cultivars and the radical scavenging and reducing activity of their extracts in vitro (R = 0.767 and 0.727, respectively, p < 0.05).

To evalate the effect of “Vitos” shilajit shot preparation on rat femur fracture using X-ray / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#Shilajit and Rhodiola Rosa L are widely used in Mongolian Traditional medicine for the management of diseases and for fracture healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacology effects of the “Vitos” Shilajit Shot preparation on fracture healing and callus stages in rats by X-ray.@*Material and methods@#We used non-liner Wistar rats for <i>in vivo</i> experiments, there are sixteen rats were randomly grouped as a positive control, negative control, “Vitos” Shilajit shot experimental and standard groups. The positive group was as healthy animals and other groups were created femoral fracture by Bonnaren’s device. Then negative control group was oral administered distilled water, whereas 4.1ml/kg of “Vitos’ Shilajit shot administrated via oral gavage to experimental group through 56 days. X-rays were performed to assess fracture healing effects within 14, 28, 42, 56 days and callus stages.@*Results@#Significantly higher callus volume and callus staging were observed in the “Vitos” Shilajit shot group compared with the negative control and standard groups. Also “Vitos” Shilajit shot group was becoming as bridging between both end of fractures and get hard callus formulation ready observation of X-Ray radiograph on 4 weeks post fracture. The fracture healing process was slightly reached to callus remodulation such as final stage of bone formulation on 56^th day.@*Conclusion@#The results of this study reveal that, “Vitos’ shot preparation, which contains an extract of <i>Rhodiola Rosa L</i> and thick extract of Shijilat has a treatment effect and enhancing and supporting callus of bone fracture healing.

Analysis of genetic relationships of genotypes of the genus Rosa L. from the collection of Nikita Botanical Gardens using ISSR and IRAP DNA markers.

In connection with the development of breeding and the creation of new plant varieties, the problem of their genotyping and identification is becoming increasingly important, therefore the use of molecular methods to identify genetic originality and assess plant genetic diversity appears to be relevant. As part of the work performed, informative ISSR and IRAP DNA markers promising for the study of genetic diversity of the Rosa L. genus were sought and applied to analysis of genetic relationships among 26 accessions of the genus Rosa L. from the gene pool collection of Nikita Botanical Gardens. They included 18 cultivated varieties and 8 accessions of wild species. The species sample included representatives of two subgenera, Rosa and Platyrhodon. The subgenus Platyrhodon was represented by one accession of the species R. roxburghii Tratt. Cultivated roses were represented by varieties of garden groups hybrid tea, floribunda, and grandiflora. The tested markers included 32 ISSRs and 13 IRAPs. Five ISSR markers (UBC 824, ASSR29, 3A21, UBC 864, and UBC 843) and three IRAPs (TDK 2R, Сass1, and Сass2) were chosen as the most promising. They were used for genotyping the studied sample of genotypes. In general, they appeared to be suitable for further use in studying the genetic diversity of the genus Rosa L. The numbers of polymorphic fragments ranged from 12 to 31, averaging 19.25 fragments per marker. For markers UBC 864 and UBC 843, unique fingerprints were identified in each accession studied. The genetic relationships of the studied species and varieties of roses analyzed by the UPGMA, PCoA, and Bayesian methods performed on the basis of IRAP and ISSR genotyping are consistent with their taxonomic positions. The genotype of the species R. roxburghii of the subgenus Platyrhodon was determined genetically as the most distant. According to clustering methods, the representative of the species R. bengalensis did not stand out from the group of cultivated varieties. When assessing the level of genetic similarity among the cultivated varieties of garden roses, the most genetically isolated varieties were 'Flamingo', 'Queen Elizabeth', and 'Kordes Sondermeldung'; for most of the other varieties, groups of the greatest genetic similarity were identified. This assessment reflects general trends in phylogenetic relationships, both among the studied species of the genus and among cultivated varieties.

[Antioxidant potential of wild rose].

The presence in the hips of a complex of biologically active substances causes an antioxidant effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant activity of varietal rosehip of the Scientific Research Institute «Zhigulevskiye Sady¼ collection, which was cultivated in Samara region in the season 2016. Material and methods. Antioxidant activity was analysed (antiradical activity, restoring force by FRAP method (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), antioxidant activity in the system of linoleic acid), the content of total phenols and total flavonoids was determined. Along with this, vitamin C content, the total content of organic acids, reducing sugars, soluble substances were determined. Results and discussion. The results of this research indicated high biological activity of the rosehip test samples. Thus, the maximum content of total phenols was found in the following varieties: Samarskiy Yubileyniy (966 mg of gallic acid/100g of feedstock), Samarskiy (922 mg/100g), Desertniy (858 mg/100 g), Krupnoplodniy VNIVI (723 mg/ 100 g). High content of total flavonoids was determined in Desertnyi variety (442 mg of catechin/100g of feedstock) and Rosa spinosissima L. variety (418 mg/100 g). Anthocyan presence was observed only in Rosa spinosissima L. (90.86 mg cyanidin- 3-glycoside/100g of feedstock), as evidenced by its deep purple color. Desertnyi variety showed the highest indicator of antiradical activity (IC50=2.7 mg/сm3) and restoring force (18.18 mol Fe2+/1 kg of feedstock). The ability to inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid was demonstrated by all the given samples. For the rosehip the content of vitamin C (leading variety: Rosa mollis Sm. - 67.3 mg%, Krupnoplodniy VNIVI - 47.3 mg%), acidity (leading variety: Yubileyniy - 1.39%), mass fraction of reducing sugars (leading variety: Samarskiy - 9.9%), the content of soluble substances (leading variety: Desertniy - 22.2%) were determined. Conclusion. Hence, the given varieties of rosehip have a high antioxidant activity. According to this, it can be recommended for mass cultivation on the territory of Samara region.