Perceptions of the mouthguard in basketball, rugby, and soccer players. Qualitative study at a public university in Colombia.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Orofacial and dental injuries in athletes, both amateur and professional, are highly prevalent. Mouthguards are devices to prevent this type of injury; however, athletes believe that the mouthguard limits their performance in the game and decreases their confidence. This study analyzed the perception that some basketball, rugby and soccer players from a public university in Colombia have about the use of mouthguards. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comprehensive qualitative study with ethnographic approach. Twenty-nine players participated. Three data collection tools were used: semi-structured interviews, field diary and discussion groups. Content analysis was carried out using a categorical matrix and triangulation of sources. RESULTS: Participants perceive the mouthguard as a device to prevent orofacial and dental injuries, but unattractive to wear during competitions. Factors that determine the use or non-use of the mouthguard are player comfort and adaptability, communication and economic cost. CONCLUSIONS: Players' perception of mouthguards in soccer, basketball and rugby is multifactorial, and is mediated by the idea of contact risk during sports practice, prevention of orofacial injuries, influence on sports performance, comfort and adaptability to the mouthguard.

Wrestling injuries during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the injuries of Olympic wrestlers during the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games held in August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this descriptive epidemiological study, injury report forms were used to collect and analyse injury data during the competitions. RESULTS: During 410 matches in the Rio Olympic Games, 21 injuries were recorded among 346 wrestlers (112=women), a rate of 5.1 injuries/100 bouts and 6.1 injuries/100 athletes. During 322 matches in the Tokyo Olympic Games, 28 injuries were recorded among 287 wrestlers (96=women), with 8.7 injuries/100 bouts and 9.8 injuries/100 athletes. However, these apparent differences in injury rates between Tokyo and Rio were not statistically significant (injuries/bout: p=0.057, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.02; injuries/athlete: p=0.087, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.08). Mild injuries comprised the greatest proportion of injuries in both Olympic Games. Severe injuries accounted for 0%, 16.7% and 36.4% of injuries in Greco-Roman, Freestyle and Women's wrestling, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most wrestling injuries in the 2016 Rio and 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games were mild skin injuries in the head and face regions due to direct body contact during standing positions in the 1/8-final round of wrestling competitions. No critical injury was observed during the recent Olympic Games. Attention should be drawn to preventing upper limb joint dislocations as common severe injuries in both Olympic Games. While not statistically significant, the Tokyo Games, after the COVID-19 pandemic, witnessed a higher injury occurrence than the Rio Games.

Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning approaches in sports: Concepts, applications, challenges, and future perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The development and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in healthcare have gained attention as a promising and powerful resource to change the landscape of healthcare. The potential of these technologies for injury prediction, performance analysis, personalized training, and treatment comes with challenges related to the complexity of sports dynamics and the multidimensional aspects of athletic performance. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to present the current state of AI and ML applications in sports science, specifically in the areas of injury prediction, performance enhancement, and rehabilitation. We also examine the challenges of incorporating AI and ML into sports and suggest directions for future research. METHOD: We conducted a comprehensive literature review, focusing on publications related to AI and ML applications in sports. This review encompassed studies on injury prediction, performance analysis, and personalized training, emphasizing the AI and ML models applied in sports. RESULTS: The findings highlight significant advancements in injury prediction accuracy, performance analysis precision, and the customization of training programs through AI and ML. However, future studies need to address challenges such as ethical considerations, data quality, interpretability of ML models, and the integration of complex data. CONCLUSION: AI and ML may be useful for the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of health conditions. In this Masterclass paper, we introduce AI and ML concepts, outline recent breakthroughs in AI technologies and their applications, identify the challenges for further progress of AI systems, and discuss ethical issues, clinical and research opportunities, and future perspectives.

Incidencia de lesiones en basquetbolistas femeninas U18 de Liga FEMISUR-Chile

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la densidad de incidencia de lesiones y sus características, según la propuesta STROBE-SIIS, en las basquetbolistas sub-18 participantes de la Liga de Básquetbol Femenino del Sur (FEMISUR) en su temporada 2023. Se utilizó un tipo de estudio con enfoque positivista observacional descriptivo de tipo longitudinal prospectivo, con una muestra no probabilística, de selección intencional. Se enviaron por correo electrónico formularios diseñados según STROBE-SIIS a 59 jugadoras de 12 clubes durante 22 semanas. Se calculó la densidad de incidencia, dividiendo número de lesiones por número de horas de exposición, normalizando por 1000 horas. Para la descripción de las características de las lesiones se determinó frecuencia absoluta y relativa según inicio, mecanismo, tejido, zona anatómica y severidad. Ocurrieron 108 lesiones, con una incidencia de 36,21 lesiones/1000 horas de exposición. La mayor frecuencia fue de inicio agudo repentino (n=77; 71,3%), mecanismo de no contacto (n=46; 42,6%), en músculo/tendón (n=61; 45,5%), ligamento/capsular articular (n=19; 14,2%) y huesos (n=14; 10,4%); y tobillo (n=55; 27,1%), pierna (n=40; 19,7%) y rodilla (n=34; 16,7%). Las lesiones leves fueron más frecuentes (n=68;63%). Se encontró una alta incidencia de lesiones en las basquetbolistas sub-18 participantes de la Liga FEMISUR, siendo las lesiones más frecuentes las de inicio agudo repentino, mecanismo de no contacto, en músculo/tendón, tobillo y severidad leve. Esta información beneficiará a los equipos multidisciplinarios que trabajan con basquetbolistas sub-18, con el fin de implementar un plan de prevención o realizar análisis comparativos.

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence density of injuries and their characteristics, according to the STROBE-SIIS proposal, in the under-18 basketball players participating in the Southern Women's Basketball League (FEMISUR) in its 2023 season. A type of study with a positivist, observational, descriptive, longitudinal, prospective approach was used, with a non-probabilistic, intentional selection sample. Forms designed according to STROBE-SIIS were emailed to 59 players from 12 clubs over 22 weeks. The incidence density was calculated by dividing the number of lesions by the number of hours of exposure, normalizing by 1000 hours. To describe the characteristics of the injuries, absolute and relative frequency was determined according to onset, mechanism, tissue, anatomical area and severity. 108 injuries occurred, with an incidence of 36.21 injuries/1000 hours of exposure. The highest frequency was sudden acute onset (n=77; 71.3%), non-contact mechanism (n=46; 42.6%), muscle/tendon (n=61; 45.5%), ligament articular/capsular (n=19; 14.2%) and bones (n=14; 10.4%); and ankle (n=55; 27.1%), leg (n=40; 19.7%) and knee (n=34; 16.7%). Minor injuries were more frequent (n=68; 63%). A high incidence of injuries was found in the under-18 basketball players participating in the FEMISUR League. The most frequent injuries being those of sudden acute onset, non-contact mechanism, in muscle/tendon, ankle and mild severity. This information will benefit multidisciplinary teams that work with under-18 basketball players, in order to implement a prevention plan or perform comparative analyses.

O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a densidade de incidência de lesões e suas características, segundo a proposta do STROBE-SIIS, nas jogadoras de basquete sub-18 participantes da Liga Sul de Basquete Feminino (FEMISUR) na temporada 2023. Utilizou-se estudo do tipo positivista, observacional, descritivo, longitudinal, prospectivo, com amostra não probabilística e de seleção intencional. Formulários elaborados de acordo com o STROBE-SIIS foram enviados por e-mail para 59 jogadores de 12 clubes durante 22 semanas. A densidade de incidência foi calculada dividindo o número de lesões pelo número de horas de exposição, normalizando por 1000 horas. Para descrever as características das lesões, foram determinadas frequências absoluta e relativa de acordo com início, mecanismo, tecido, área anatômica e gravidade. Ocorreram 108 lesões, com incidência de 36,21 lesões/1000 horas de exposição. A maior frequência foi início agudo súbito (n=77; 71,3%), mecanismo sem contato (n=46; 42,6%), músculo/tendão (n=61; 45,5%), ligamento articular/capsular (n=19; 14,2%) e ossos (n=14; 10,4%); e tornozelo (n=55; 27,1%), perna (n=40; 19,7%) e joelho (n=34; 16,7%). Lesões leves foram mais frequentes (n=68;63%). Foi encontrada alta incidência de lesões nos basquetebolistas sub-18 participantes da Liga FEMISUR. As lesões mais frequentes são as de início agudo súbito, mecanismo sem contato, em músculo/tendão, tornozelo e gravidade leve. Esta informação beneficiará equipas multidisciplinares que trabalham com jogadores de basquetebol sub-18, para implementar um plano de prevenção ou realizar análises comparativas.

Musculoskeletal Pain, Mood, and Sports Injury in Wheelchair Power Soccer Players.

CONTEXT: Wheelchair Power Soccer (WPS) is the only team sport that allows the participation of people with severe physical disabilities who require the daily use of motorized wheelchairs. These individuals may live with chronic pain due to the characteristics of the disabilities and treatments, interfering with their health and limiting their participation in sports. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and its relationship with mood in WPS players and to analyze the incidence of traumatic injuries during a championship. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal study was carried out on 30 WPS athletes (93.33% male) with a mean (SD) (range) age of 22.37 (9.79) (47) years. Data collection was performed during a South American WPS Championship lasting 3 days, with: investigation of the presence of musculoskeletal pain and mood through a questionnaire; investigation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through match observation; and confirmation of the occurrence of traumatic injuries through access to medical department records. RESULTS: About 30% (n = 9/30) of the sample presented some pain on the day of evaluation, with an intensity of 5.67 (3.35) (10) points on the visual analog scale. The most common regions of pain were the lower back (13.3%, n = 4/30), thoracic (10%; n = 3/30), and cervical (10%; n = 3/30) areas of the spine. A total of 46.7% (n = 14/30) reported pain in the month before data collection but of less intensity (2.56 [4] [10] points), the most common regions being the lower limbs (20%; n = 6/30) and cervical spine (20%; n = 6/30). Among the between-group comparisons (ie, participants with pain vs without pain), no relationship was observed between mood state and pain. No traumatic injuries were identified during the competition. CONCLUSION: The presence of musculoskeletal pain was common in WPS players, but it was not related to mood. As no traumatic injuries were observed during the championship, this modality seems to be safe for people with physical disabilities in general.

Optimised return to play: high treatment success rate in core muscle injury with surgical release of the anterior tendon of the rectus abdominis muscle and proximal tenotomy of the adductor longus muscle.

OBJECTIVES: Core muscle injury is a debilitating condition that causes chronic groin pain in athletes, particularly common in soccer players. The condition is characterised by pain in the inguinal region and can lead to a significant number of absences from high-intensity physical activity. It is caused by repetitive overload without proper counterbalance from the abdominal muscles, hip flexors, and adductors in susceptible athletes. Surgical indications for core muscle injury consider cases where non-surgical treatments have not provided sufficient relief. The aim of this study was to assess the results of surgical intervention for core muscle injury using the technique employed by the Sports Medicine Group of (Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade de São Paulo). The procedure involves releasing the anterior portion of the tendon of the rectus abdominis muscle near the pubic symphysis, along with proximal tenotomy of the adductor longus muscle tendon. METHODS: This study utilised a consecutive historical cohort analysis of the medical records of 45 male athletes, of which, 75.6% were professional soccer players, who underwent surgical treatment between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2021. The participants included active athletes aged between 18 and 40 years, with a mean age of 23.9 years, and were diagnosed with myotendinous core muscle injury. These athletes experienced pain in the pubic symphysis and adductor tendon region and had previously undergone medical treatment and physical therapy for a duration of three to six months without significant improvement. RESULTS: The average time for athletes to return to sport after surgery was 135 days, with a majority of participants being soccer and futsal players. The surgical intervention yielded promising results, with a positive correlation between unilateral injuries and the time taken to return to sport. The complication rate was low, at 6.7%. Notably, the rate of symptom resolution was high, at 93.3%. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the player's position on the field significantly influenced the discharge period, suggesting that the game position plays a role in the recovery process. CONCLUSION: The combined surgical procedure involving the release of the rectus abdominis tendon and adductor longus muscle tenotomy demonstrates favourable outcomes for athletes with core muscle injury. This study provides strong support for the effectiveness of this surgical approach in managing the condition and offers a potential path to recovery and return to sports activities. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in body segments in Judo and Jiu-jitsu athletes / Prevalência de dor musculoesquelética nos segmentos corporais em atletas de Judô e Jiu-jitsu

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A notable gap persists in understanding the prevalence of pain and musculoskeletal injuries in combat sports. This study offers a comprehensive exploration of the most affected anatomical regions. Such an investigation is pivotal for refining clinical strategies involving preventive measures and physiotherapeutic interventions. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Individuals aged 18 years or over, combat sport modalities practitioners, of both genders, and capable of answering the questionnaire were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 71 athletes. Female athletes practiced 12.65% Judo and 21.51% practiced Jiu-jitsu, while 26.58% of male athletes practiced Judo and 39.24% Jiu-jitsu. The mean age was 31.14±11.75 years, and body mass index of 27.69 kg/m2 (±5.31). The average time of practice was 8±10.59 years. The regions most affected by pain in the last 12 months were the lumbar spine (90%), knees (90%) and wrists/ hands (60%). Female Judo presented a significant index of pain in the last 12 months in the upper limbs, and the neck was the region identified as most responsible for limiting activities. In the last 7 days, the thoracic and lumbar spine regions were more significant. In female Jiu-jitsu, in the 12-month and 7-day analyses, the ankle/foot were the most affected regions when compared to the male gender, and the knees were identified as most responsible for limiting activities. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive description of the main regions affected by musculoskeletal disorders and pain is of fundamental importance for the development of prevention and physiotherapeutic treatment strategies.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Persiste uma lacuna notável na compreensão da prevalência da dor e das lesões musculoesqueléticas nos esportes de combate. Este estudo oferece uma exploração abrangente das regiões anatômicas mais afetadas. Tal investigação é fundamental para refinar estratégias clínicas envolvendo medidas preventivas e intervenções fisioterapêuticas. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal. Foram incluídos indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, praticantes de modalidades esportivas de combate, de ambos os sexos e capazes de responder ao questionário. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e o teste Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A amostra final foi composta por 71 atletas. Das atletas do sexo feminino, 12,65% praticavam Judô e 21,51% praticavam Jiu-jitsu, enquanto 26,58% do sexo masculino praticavam Judô e 39,24% Jiu-jitsu. A média de idade foi de 31,14±11,75 anos, e índice de massa corporal de 27,69 kg/ m2 (±5,31). O tempo médio de prática foi de 8±10,59 anos. As regiões mais afetadas pela dor nos últimos 12 meses foram coluna lombar (90%), joelhos (90%) e punhos/mãos (60%). O Judô feminino apresentou índice significativo de dor nos últimos 12 meses em membros superiores, sendo o pescoço identificado como o maior responsável pela limitação das atividades. Nos últimos 7 dias, colunas torácica e lombar foram mais significativas. No Jiu-jitsu feminino, em 12 meses e 7 dias, tornozelo/pé foram mais afetados quando comparado ao masculino, e os joelhos foram os maiores responsáveis pela limitação das atividades. CONCLUSÃO: Uma descrição abrangente das principais regiões afetadas por dor e lesões musculoesqueléticas é de fundamental importância no desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento fisioterapêutico.

FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SHOULDER IN JIU-JITSU BLACK BELT ATHLETES.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the epidemiological profile of Jiu-Jitsu black belt athletes, including the prevalence of pain and shoulder function. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with Jiu-Jitsu athletes from 2014 to 2016. The studied variables were: sex, age, dominant limb, weight, height, profession, time of Jiu-Jitsu practice, weekly training hours, other practiced sports, comorbidities, injuries and previous surgeries, medications and habits. For the functional assessment of the shoulder, the ASES Score was used. RESULTS: 53 male athletes were evaluated. There was a prevalence of alcohol consumption (60.4%) and supplement use (32.1%). The practice of other sports included weight training (49.1%) and other martial arts (17%). There was a prevalence of knee (66.0%) and shoulder (52.8%) injuries and, in some cases, the need for surgical procedures. There was a prevalence of shoulder pain (73.6%) and more than half of the athletes (52.9%) had minimal or moderate limitation of shoulder function. CONCLUSION: Jiu-jitsu black belt athletes often have a history of injuries, with the shoulder being the second most affected body part. In more than half of the athletes, there was a prevalence of shoulder pain and functional limitation, according to the ASES Score. Level of evidence III, Retrospective comparative study.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico de atletas faixas-pretas de jiu-jitsu, incluindo a prevalência de dor e a função do ombro. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com atletas de jiu-jitsu entre 2014 e 2016. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade, membro dominante, peso, altura, profissão, tempo de prática do esporte, horas semanais de treino, outros esportes praticados, comorbidades, lesões e cirurgias prévias, medicamentos e hábitos. Para a avaliação funcional do ombro, foi utilizado o escore American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 53 atletas, todos do sexo masculino. Houve alta prevalência de consumo de bebida alcoólica (60,4%) e uso de suplementos (32,1%). A prática de outros esportes incluiu musculação (49,1%) e outras artes marciais (17%). Houve alta prevalência de lesões no joelho (66,0%) e no ombro (52,8%), e em alguns casos houve a necessidade de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Verificou-se alta prevalência de dor no ombro (73,6%), sendo que mais da metade dos atletas (52,9%) apresentaram limitação mínima ou moderada da função do ombro. Conclusão: Atletas faixas-pretas de jiu-jitsu frequentemente apresentam histórico de lesões, sendo o ombro o segundo local mais acometido. Houve alta prevalência de dor nos ombros e limitação funcional conforme o escore ASES em mais da metade dos atletas. Nível de evidência III, Estudo comparativo retrospectivo.

Epidemiological Analysis of 245 Patients with Athletic Pubalgia.

Objective To analyze the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of pubalgia in athletes and to define the epidemiological profile of patients complaining of lower abdomen and groin pain at a specialized center. Methodology We conducted a retrospective study based on a case series to evaluate the epidemiological profile of 245 athletes with pubalgia reported in their medical records from October 2015 to February 2018. The selected sample underwent a clinical evaluation, and the results were recorded through the application of a questionnaire. Results The sample consisted of 245 patients aged between 14 and 75 years. Soccer and running were the most prevalent sports. Most subjects (58%) trained or played sports 3 or more days a week. After evaluating specific sports movements, symptoms worsened in 24% of the patients when changing direction; in 23%, when kicking; in 22%, during sprints and speed training; in 17%, during long runs; and in 14%, when jumping. Pain during intercourse was reported by 13% of the patients. For most subjects (80%), the inguinal region, the adductor muscles, and the pubis (midline) were the main pain sites. The tests involving adductor contraction against resistance with an extended knee was positive in 77.6% of the patients, and the one involving simultaneous hip and abdomen flexion against resistance was positive in 76.7% of the sample. Conclusion The present study has demonstrated the predominance of pubalgia in male patients who play soccer and practice running. In most cases (80%), pain occurred in the inguinal region, the adductor muscles, and the pubis. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis took more than six months for most patients.

Epidemiological Analysis of 245 Patients with Athletic Pubalgia / Análise epidemiológica de 245 pacientes com pubalgia atlética

Abstract Objective To analyze the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of pubalgia in athletes and to define the epidemiological profile of patients complaining of lower abdomen and groin pain at a specialized center. Methodology We conducted a retrospective study based on a case series to evaluate the epidemiological profile of 245 athletes with pubalgia reported in their medical records from October 2015 to February 2018. The selected sample underwent a clinical evaluation, and the results were recorded through the application of a questionnaire. Results The sample consisted of 245 patients aged between 14 and 75 years. Soccer and running were the most prevalent sports. Most subjects (58%) trained or played sports 3 or more days a week. After evaluating specific sports movements, symptoms worsened in 24% of the patients when changing direction; in 23%, when kicking; in 22%, during sprints and speed training; in 17%, during long runs; and in 14%, when jumping. Pain during intercourse was reported by 13% of the patients. For most subjects (80%), the inguinal region, the adductor muscles, and the pubis (midline) were the main pain sites. The tests involving adductor contraction against resistance with an extended knee was positive in 77.6% of the patients, and the one involving simultaneous hip and abdomen flexion against resistance was positive in 76.7% of the sample. Conclusion The present study has demonstrated the predominance of pubalgia in male patients who play soccer and practice running. In most cases (80%), pain occurred in the inguinal region, the adductor muscles, and the pubis. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis took more than six months for most patients.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as características clínico-epidemiológicas da pubalgia do atleta, e definir o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com queixa de dor na região baixa do abdômen e virilha avaliados em um centro especializado. Metodologia Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo de uma série de casos, no qual se avaliou o perfil epidemiológico de 245 pacientes esportistas com pubalgia, registrados em prontuário, entre outubro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2018. A amostra selecionada foi submetida a uma avaliação clínica, e os resultados foram documentados a partir da aplicação de um questionário. Resultados A amostra estudada foi de 245 pacientes com idades que variavam entre 14 e 75 anos. O futebol e a corrida foram os esportes mais prevalentes, e 58% treinavam ou praticavam esporte 3 ou mais dias por semana. Após a avaliação dos movimentos esportivos específicos, foi observada piora dos sintomas em 24% com a troca de direção; em 23%, nos chutes; em 22%, nos sprints e treinos de velocidade; em 17%, nas corridas longas; e em 14%, nos saltos. Dor durante o ato sexual foi relatado em 13% dos pacientes. A maior parte dos pacientes (80%) relatou que a região inguinal, os adutores e o púbis (linha média) eram os principais sítios da dor. O teste de contração dos adutores contra resistência com joelho em extensão foi positivo em 77,6% dos pacientes avaliados, e o teste de Flexão simultânea do Quadril + Abdômen contra resistência foi positivo em 76.7% dos pacientes. Conclusão O presente estudo demonstrou o predomínio dessa lesão nos pacientes do sexo masculino praticantes de futebol e de corrida. A dor, na maioria dos casos (80%), estava presente na região inguinal, nos adutores e no púbis. A maioria dos pacientes demorou mais de seis meses para ter o diagnóstico clínico confirmado.

Don't stop me now: A qualitative study of how Brazilian dancers and staff perceive injury and its prevention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how Brazilian dancers and dance staff perceive and deal with injury and its prevention in professional and non-professional contexts. DESIGN: Qualitative study. SETTING: Semi-structured interviews conducted using an online platform. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen participants (8 women, 5 men) from four different dance styles (classical ballet, jazz, contemporary and urban): 6 dancers, 6 staff and 1 classified as both. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed based on Grounded Theory principles using comparative data analysis. RESULTS: The main themes and findings were: 1) Injury definition: Injury was defined and classified based on pain, structural damage and consequent limitations and restrictions. 2) Dealing with injury: Dancers' fear of having to stop dancing justifies different behaviours facing injury. 3) Injury factors: Overload and many personal and environmental factors were perceived as related to injury. 4) Injury prevention: it is linked with physical preparation and additional measures and influenced by communication, trust, experience, time, access to preventive programs, dancers' personalities and environmental factors. Responsibility for injury prevention should be shared by all stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS: To improve injury prevention, we need to acknowledge the dancers' drive to keep dancing, consider the multiple factors that influence their behaviours, and develop education and self-efficacy to help them make better decisions to reduce the risk of injury.

Pain and Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport in Elite Volleyball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Pain is modulated by multiple factors. A relevant psychological process peculiar to athletes and which could be associated with pain is Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (PRRS). The analysis of this association in competition context is particularly important. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the PRRS and pain intensity in elite volleyball players during their participation in a continental sporting event. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data from 107 male volleyball players (23.50 ± 4.08 years of age) participating in the South American Volleyball Championship were used. The athletes answered a self-report questionnaire on the day the championship began regarding their history of injuries in the previous six months. The athletes who declared injuries were asked about the current pain intensity using the Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport using the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport scale (I-PRRS). RESULTS: 43.93% (n = 47) of the athletes (23.70 ± 3.54 years) reported an injury in the six months prior to the championship. They presented a median on the NRS of three (interquartile range (IQR), 2-5), and 54 (IQR, 46-58) on the I-PRRS. The Spearman's Rho correlation test showed an inversely and moderate correlation (rs = -0.36; p = 0.011; CI: -0.64--0.08) between pain intensity and PRRS. CONCLUSIONS: In male elite volleyball players who participate in a Continental Championship in South America, higher levels of PRRS was correlated to lower pain intensity.

Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review.

It is estimated that three to five million sports injuries occur worldwide each year. The highest incidence is reported during competition periods with mainly affectation of the musculoskeletal tissue. For appropriate nutritional management and correct use of nutritional supplements, it is important to individualize based on clinical effects and know the adaptive response during the rehabilitation phase after a sports injury in athletes. Therefore, the aim of this PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science PERSiST-based systematic integrative review was to perform an update on nutritional strategies during the rehabilitation phase of musculoskeletal injuries in elite athletes. After searching the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PEDro, and Google Scholar, a total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (Price Index: 66.6%). The risk of bias assessment for randomized controlled trials was performed using the RoB 2.0 tool while review articles were evaluated using the AMSTAR 2.0 items. Based on the main findings of the selected studies, nutritional strategies that benefit the rehabilitation process in injured athletes include balanced energy intake, and a high-protein and carbohydrate-rich diet. Supportive supervision should be provided to avoid low energy availability. The potential of supplementation with collagen, creatine monohydrate, omega-3 (fish oils), and vitamin D requires further research although the effects are quite promising. It is worth noting the lack of clinical research in injured athletes and the higher number of reviews in the last 10 years. After analyzing the current quantitative and non-quantitative evidence, we encourage researchers to conduct further clinical research studies evaluating doses of the discussed nutrients during the rehabilitation process to confirm findings, but also follow international guidelines at the time to review scientific literature.

Intrinsic Risk Factors for Noncontact Musculoskeletal Injury in Collegiate Swimmers: A Prospective Cohort Study.

CONTEXT: Shoulder pain is pervasive in swimmers of all ages. However, given the limited number of prospective studies, injury risk factors in swimmers remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which the risk factors of previous injury, poor movement competency, erroneous freestyle swimming technique, and low perceived susceptibility to sport injury were associated with noncontact musculoskeletal injury in collegiate swimmers. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: College natatorium. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-seven National College Athletic Association Division III swimmers (21 females, 16 males; median age = 19 years [interquartile range = 3 years], height = 175 ± 10 cm; mass = 70.0 ± 10.9 kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Participants completed preseason questionnaires on their previous injuries and perceived susceptibility to sport injury. At the beginning of the season, they completed the Movement System Screening Tool and the Freestyle Swimming Technique Assessment. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for the association between each risk factor and injury. RESULTS: Eleven of the 37 participants (29.7%) sustained an injury. Univariate analyses identified 2 risk factors: previous injury (OR = 8.89 [95% CI = 1.78, 44.48]) and crossover hand positions during the freestyle entry phase (OR = 8.50 [95% CI = 1.50, 48.05]). After adjusting for previous injury, we found that a higher perceived percentage chance of injury (1 item from the Perceived Susceptibility to Sport Injury) decreased the injury odds (adjusted OR = 0.11 [95% CI = 0.02, 0.82]). Poor movement competency was not associated with injury (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Previous injury, a crossover hand-entry position in freestyle, and a low perceived percentage chance of injury were associated with increased injury odds. Ascertaining injury histories and assessing for crossover positions may help identify swimmers with an elevated injury risk and inform injury-prevention strategies.

Joint injuries in martial arts and their preventive measures / Lesões articulares nas artes marciais e suas medidas preventivas / Lesiones articulares en las artes marciales y sus medidas preventivas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Martial arts athletes are highly prone to joint injuries during training or sports events. These injuries can affect professional performance and cause deleterious psychological damage to athletes. Objective: Explore the current status of joint injuries in martial arts and propose effective preventive measures. Methods: Martial arts athletes were selected to evaluate the types of joint injuries and the method of training in rehabilitating these injuries (n=32). They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received a specific functional preventive training protocol based on updated scientific findings, while the control group received traditional physical training. Range of motion and functional FMS tests were performed before and after the interventions. The results were compared statistically. Results: The most common type of injury for athletes in martial arts is joint injury, followed by ligament and synovial inflammation. The probability of a joint injury rises when athletes are in continuous action training; the FMS test results of the athletes in the experimental group were significantly improved, with a very significant effect. Conclusion: The preventive functional training proposed in this paper can improve athletes' fitness, improve coordination and joint stability, and prevent sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Os atletas de artes marciais são altamente propensos a lesões articulares durante o treinamento ou em eventos esportivos. Essas lesões podem afetar o desempenho profissional, além de causar danos psicológicos deletérios aos atletas. Objetivo: Explorar a condição atual das lesões articulares nas artes marciais propondo medidas preventivas eficazes. Métodos: Atletas de artes marciais foram selecionados para avaliar os tipos de lesões articulares e o método do treinamento na reabilitação dessas lesões (n=32). Eles foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e grupo de controle. O grupo experimental recebeu um protocolo específico de treinamento preventivo funcional baseado nos achados científicos atualizados, enquanto o grupo controle recebeu o treinamento físico tradicional. Foram efetuados os testes de amplitude de movimento e FMS funcional antes e após as intervenções. Comparou-se os resultados estatisticamente. Resultados: O tipo de lesão mais comum dos atletas nas artes marciais é a lesão articular, seguida da ligamentar e a inflamação sinovial. A probabilidade de uma lesão articular eleva-se quando os atletas estão em treinamento de ação contínua; os resultados do teste FMS dos atletas do grupo experimental foram significativamente melhorados, com um efeito muito significativo. Conclusão: O treinamento funcional preventivo proposto neste trabalho pode efetivamente melhorar a aptidão física dos atletas, melhorar a coordenação e estabilidade das articulações, prevenindo as lesões esportivas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Resumen Introducción: Los atletas de artes marciales son muy propensos a sufrir lesiones articulares durante los entrenamientos o las pruebas deportivas. Estas lesiones pueden afectar al rendimiento profesional, además de causar daños psicológicos deletéreos a los deportistas. Objetivo: Explorar la situación actual de las lesiones articulares en las artes marciales proponiendo medidas preventivas eficaces. Métodos: Se seleccionaron atletas de artes marciales para evaluar los tipos de lesiones articulares y el método de entrenamiento en la rehabilitación de estas lesiones (n=32). Se dividieron aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El grupo experimental recibió un protocolo específico de entrenamiento funcional preventivo basado en hallazgos científicos actualizados, mientras que el grupo de control recibió entrenamiento físico tradicional. Se realizaron pruebas de amplitud de movimiento y de FMS funcional antes y después de las intervenciones. Los resultados se compararon estadísticamente. Resultados: El tipo de lesión más común en los deportistas de artes marciales es la lesión articular, seguida de la inflamación de ligamentos y sinovial. La probabilidad de una lesión articular aumenta cuando los deportistas realizan un entrenamiento de acción continua; los resultados de las pruebas FMS de los deportistas del grupo experimental mejoraron significativamente, con un efecto muy significativo. Conclusión: El entrenamiento funcional preventivo propuesto en este trabajo puede mejorar eficazmente la forma física de los deportistas, mejorar la coordinación y la estabilidad de las articulaciones, previniendo las lesiones deportivas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Physical exercises in the rehabilitation of sports injuries in the elderly / Exercícios físicos na reabilitação de lesões esportivas em idosos / Ejercicios físicos en la rehabilitación de lesiones deportivas en ancianos

ABSTRACT Introduction: According to the background of the healthy aging population and national fitness care, rapid development has begun in national sports in China. This development is the result of current research on the current scenario. Objective: Study the effects of exercise on the rehabilitation of middle-aged and elderly people with sports injuries. Methods: Twenty individuals were recruited for the experiment; the experimental group received the rehabilitation exercise protocol three times a week for four weeks, while the control group maintained the original lifestyle with no exercise or vigorous exercise. Results: It was found that there was no significant difference in height, weight, and body fat percentage after the aerobic exercise intervention training protocol (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in BMI between the experimental group and the control group after the intervention training period (P<0.05). The VAS score of the experimental group before and after training decreased from 5.49 to 0.90, showing a significant effect, indicating a significant difference between the experimental group before and after training (P<0.05). Conclusion: The research shows that exercise positively affects the prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries. The results obtained can help groups in national fitness. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Segundo o contexto do envelhecimento saudável da população e dos cuidados da condição física nacional, iniciou-se um rápido desenvolvimento nos esportes nacionais chineses. Esse desenvolvimento é fruto de pesquisas atuais sobre o cenário atual. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do exercício físico na reabilitação de pessoas de meia-idade e idosas com lesões ocasionadas pelo esporte. Métodos: Foram recrutados 20 indivíduos para o experimento, o grupo experimental recebeu o protocolo com exercício de reabilitação 3 vezes por semana durante 4 semanas, enquanto o grupo de controle manteve o estilo de vida original sem exercícios ou com exercícios vigorosos. Resultados: Verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa em altura, peso e percentual de gordura corporal após o protocolo de treinamento de intervenção aeróbica de exercício (P>0,05); porém houve diferença significativa no IMC entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle após o período de treinamento de intervenção (P<0,05). O escore VAS do grupo experimental antes e depois do treinamento diminuiu de 5,49 para 0,90, apresentando um efeito significativo, indicando que houve uma diferença significativa entre o grupo experimental antes e depois do treinamento (P<0,05). Conclusão: A pesquisa mostra que o exercício tem um efeito positivo na prevenção e na reabilitação de lesões esportivas. Os resultados obtidos podem ajudar grupos em aptidão física nacional. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEM Introducción: De acuerdo con el trasfondo del envejecimiento saludable de la población y el cuidado de la forma física nacional, se ha iniciado un rápido desarrollo del deporte nacional chino. Este desarrollo es el resultado de la investigación en curso sobre el escenario actual. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del ejercicio en la rehabilitación de personas de mediana y avanzada edad con lesiones deportivas. Métodos: Veinte individuos fueron reclutados para el experimento, el grupo experimental recibió el protocolo con ejercicio de rehabilitación 3 veces por semana durante 4 semanas, mientras que el grupo de control mantuvo el estilo de vida original sin ejercicio o con ejercicio vigoroso. Resultados: Se observó que no había diferencias significativas en la estatura, el peso y el porcentaje de grasa corporal tras el protocolo de entrenamiento de intervención con ejercicio aeróbico (P>0,05); sin embargo, sí había diferencias significativas en el IMC entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control tras el periodo de entrenamiento de intervención (P<0,05). La puntuación VAS del grupo experimental antes y después del entrenamiento disminuyó de 5,49 a 0,90, mostrando un efecto significativo, lo que indica que hubo una diferencia significativa entre el grupo experimental antes y después del entrenamiento (P<0,05). Conclusión: La investigación demuestra que el ejercicio tiene un efecto positivo en la prevención y rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ayudar a los grupos en la preparación física nacional. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Control of joint injuries in aerobic gymnasts / Controle de lesões articulares em ginastas aeróbicos / Control de lesiones articulares en gimnastas aeróbicos

ABSTRACT Introduction Joint injuries are a common problem in aerobic gymnastic athletes due to the particularities of this sport. Therefore, the method of controlling and preventing joint injuries in athletes has become an important focus of current research. Objective Study a post-training prevention protocol for joint injuries in aerobic gymnasts. Methods The experiment lasted 8 weeks, in which 10 athletes from the control group performed a traditional stretching recovery protocol. In contrast, the experimental group performed rehabilitation training through previously defined suspension training. The stability and flexibility of the athletes' lumbar and ankle joints were recorded and compared before and after the beginning of the experimental training. Results The suspension training proposed in this paper can optimize the static balance parameters of the athletes' joints, improving stability and promoting joint injury control. Conclusion The scheme proposed in this paper may help athletes to control joint injuries, improve dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system, reduce interference from sports injuries, and help them to perform better in the field. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Danos articulares são um problema comum nos atletas de ginástica aeróbica devido às particularidades desse esporte. Portanto, o método de controle e prevenção de lesões articulares dos atletas tornou-se um foco importante das pesquisas atuais. Objetivo Estudar um protocolo de prevenção pós-treino para lesões articulares em ginastas aeróbicas. Métodos O experimento durou 8 semanas, nas quais 10 atletas do grupo de controle executaram um protocolo de recuperação por alongamento tradicional, enquanto o grupo experimental realizou o treinamento de reabilitação através de um treino com suspensão previamente definido. A estabilidade e flexibilidade das articulações lombares e tornozelos dos atletas foram registradas e comparadas antes e depois do início do treinamento experimental. Resultados O treinamento em suspensão proposto neste trabalho pode otimizar os parâmetros de equilíbrio estático das articulações dos atletas, melhorando a estabilidade e promovendo o controle das lesões articulares. Conclusão O esquema proposto neste trabalho pode ajudar os atletas a controlarem as lesões articulares, melhorar a disfunção do sistema musculoesquelético, reduzir a interferência de lesões esportivas e ajuda-los a obter um desempenho melhor em campo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Las lesiones articulares son un problema común en los atletas de gimnasia aeróbica debido a las particularidades de este deporte. Por lo tanto, el método de control y prevención de las lesiones articulares en los deportistas se ha convertido en un importante foco de investigación actual. Objetivo Estudiar un protocolo de prevención post-entrenamiento de lesiones articulares en gimnastas aeróbicos. Métodos El experimento duró 8 semanas, en las que 10 atletas del grupo de control realizaron un protocolo de recuperación mediante estiramientos tradicionales, mientras que el grupo experimental realizó un entrenamiento de rehabilitación mediante un entrenamiento en suspensión previamente definido. Se registraron y compararon la estabilidad y la flexibilidad de las articulaciones lumbares y del tobillo de los atletas antes y después del inicio del entrenamiento experimental. Resultados El entrenamiento en suspensión propuesto en este trabajo puede optimizar los parámetros de equilibrio estático de las articulaciones de los deportistas, mejorando la estabilidad y favoreciendo el control de las lesiones articulares. Conclusión El esquema propuesto en este trabajo puede ayudar a los deportistas a controlar las lesiones articulares, mejorar la disfunción del sistema musculoesquelético, reducir la interferencia de las lesiones deportivas y ayudarles a obtener un mejor rendimiento en el campo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Correlation between location and cause of injuries in tennis players / Correlação entre local e causa de lesões em jogadores de tênis / Correlación entre la localización y la causa de las lesiones en tenistas

ABSTRACT Introduction Tennis is a network sport that requires strength, endurance, agility, speed, skill, and other physical demands from participants. Tennis athletes are subject to injuries in their daily training, affecting their competitive performance. Objective Explore the correlation between the location of injuries and the cause of injuries in tennis players. Methods Tennis players were selected as the research subjects. In this study, a questionnaire was used to record tennis injuries. The rehabilitation treatment of tennis players after injuries was summarized and analyzed through statistical methods. Results The main forms of serious sports injuries caused by tennis players were acute and moderate injuries. The most common fractures are mainly ligament and tendon: joint ligament injury or tear, muscle ligament injury, bursitis, and soft tissue ligament contusion. The joints most commonly involved are knees, ankles, elbows, wrists, and shoulders. Conclusion The common causes of sports injuries in tennis players are the inaccuracy of technical movements, insufficient muscular strength, and insufficient strength for preparatory technical activities. In practice, it is recommended that athletes correct and standardize their movements. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O tênis é um esporte de rede que exige força, resistência, agilidade, velocidade, habilidade e outras demandas físicas dos participantes. Os atletas de tênis estão sujeitos a lesões em seus treinamentos diários, afetando o seu desempenho competitivo. Objetivo Explorar a correlação entre o local das lesões e a causa das lesões nos jogadores de tênis. Métodos Os jogadores de tênis foram selecionados como os objetos de pesquisa. Neste estudo, foi utilizado um questionário para registrar as lesões no tênis. Através de método estatístico, resumiu-se e analisou-se o tratamento de reabilitação dos jogadores de tênis após as lesões. Resultados As principais formas de lesões esportivas graves causadas pelos tenistas foram lesões agudas e moderadas. As fraturas mais comuns que ocorrem são principalmente as ligamentares e tendinosas: lesão ou laceração do ligamento articular, lesão ligamentar muscular, bursite e contusão ligamentar de tecidos moles. As articulações mais envolvidas são joelhos, tornozelos, cotovelos, pulsos e ombros. Conclusão As causas comuns das lesões esportivas nos tenistas são uma união de imprecisão dos movimentos técnicos, atividades de força muscular insuficientes e força insuficiente para atividades técnicas preparatórias. Na prática, recomenda-se aos atletas corrigir e padronizar seus movimentos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El tenis es un deporte de red que exige fuerza, resistencia, agilidad, velocidad, habilidad y otras exigencias físicas a los participantes. Los atletas de tenis están sujetos a lesiones en su entrenamiento diario, lo que afecta a su rendimiento competitivo. Objetivo Explorar la correlación entre la localización de las lesiones y la causa de las mismas en los tenistas. Métodos Se seleccionaron jugadores de tenis como sujetos de la investigación. En este estudio, se utilizó un cuestionario para registrar las lesiones de tenis. Mediante un método estadístico, se resumió y analizó el tratamiento de rehabilitación de los tenistas tras las lesiones. Resultados Las principales formas de lesiones deportivas graves causadas por los tenistas fueron las lesiones agudas y las moderadas. Las fracturas más comunes que se producen son principalmente las de ligamentos y tendones: lesión o desgarro de ligamentos articulares, lesión de ligamentos musculares, bursitis y contusión de ligamentos de tejidos blandos. Las articulaciones más comúnmente afectadas son las rodillas, los tobillos, los codos, las muñecas y los hombros. Conclusión Las causas comunes de las lesiones deportivas en los tenistas son la unión de la inexactitud de los movimientos técnicos, las actividades de fuerza muscular insuficientes y la fuerza insuficiente para las actividades técnicas preparatorias. En la práctica, se recomienda que los deportistas corrijan y normalicen sus movimientos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Knee joint rehabilitation in badminton athletes / Reabilitação nas articulações do joelho em atletas de badminton / Rehabilitación de las articulaciones de la rodilla en atletas de bádminton

ABSTRACT Introduction: Athletic injuries are common in badminton, and the knee joint is the most affected. This type of injury can reduce the athlete's career, and poor treatment can cause secondary injuries during the rehabilitation period, requiring a thorough study of the causes and treatment methods. Objective: Study the causes and rehabilitation methods of knee joint injuries in badminton players. Methods: Junior badminton students and professional players from a university volunteered for a study on the causes of their knee joint injuries and the various types of rehabilitation training they were allocated to. The control group was treated with traditional physical therapy, and the experimental group was treated with slow recovery training under the guidance of doctors and teachers. The experiment lasted 6 weeks, and pain recovery and joint stability index were the main indicators. Results: Knee joint injuries in athletes often occur when performing intense or unfamiliar movements. The scores of the experimental group evolved rapidly during the 6 weeks of rehabilitation. The total stability index before training was 6.3432 ± 0.4647 versus 5.7190 ± 0.3747 after the experiment. Conclusion: Training in the physical rehabilitation of knee joint injuries in athletes has a good effect on pain relief and gain in joint stability, proving to be superior to acupuncture and traditional physiotherapy. Therefore, adding this restorative training protocol to knee joint rehabilitation in athletes is recommended. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: As lesões atléticas são comuns na prática de badminton, sendo a articulação do joelho a mais afetada. Esse tipo de lesão pode reduzir a carreira do atleta e um tratamento precário pode ocasionar lesões secundárias durante o período de reabilitação, exigindo um estudo minucioso das causas e métodos de tratamento. Objetivo: Estudar as causas e os métodos de reabilitação sobre as lesões articulares do joelho em jogadores de badminton. Métodos: Estudantes de badminton júnior e profissionais de badminton de uma universidade foram voluntários de um estudo sobre as causas de suas lesões articulares do joelho e os diversos tipos de treinamento de reabilitação a que foram alocados. O grupo de controle foi tratado com fisioterapia tradicional, e o experimental foi tratado com treinamento de recuperação lenta sob a orientação de médicos e professores. O experimento durou 6 semanas, a recuperação da dor e o índice de estabilidade articular foram os indicadores principais. Resultados: As lesões articulares no joelho dos atletas ocorrem frequentemente ao realizar movimentos intensos ou não familiares. A pontuação do grupo experimental evoluiu rapidamente durante as 6 semanas de reabilitação. O índice de estabilidade total antes do treinamento foi de 6,3432 ± 0,4647 contra 5,7190 ± 0,3747, após o experimento. Conclusão: O treinamento na reabilitação física das lesões articulares nos joelhos dos atletas tem um bom efeito no alívio da dor e ganho na estabilidade articular, revelando-se superior à acupuntura e à fisioterapia tradicional. Portanto, é recomendada a adição deste protocolo de treinamento restaurador à reabilitação na articulação do joelho em atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las lesiones atléticas son frecuentes en la práctica del bádminton, siendo la articulación de la rodilla la más afectada. Este tipo de lesión puede reducir la carrera del deportista y un tratamiento deficiente puede provocar lesiones secundarias durante el periodo de rehabilitación, lo que exige un estudio exhaustivo de las causas y de los métodos de tratamiento. Objetivo: Estudiar las causas y los métodos de rehabilitación de las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla en jugadores de bádminton. Métodos: Estudiantes de bádminton junior y profesional de una universidad se ofrecieron como voluntarios para un estudio sobre las causas de sus lesiones articulares de rodilla y los distintos tipos de entrenamiento de rehabilitación a los que fueron asignados. El grupo de control fue tratado con fisioterapia tradicional, y el grupo experimental fue tratado con entrenamiento de recuperación lenta bajo la dirección de médicos y profesores. El experimento duró 6 semanas, y los principales indicadores fueron la recuperación del dolor y el índice de estabilidad articular. Resultados: Las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla en los deportistas suelen producirse al realizar movimientos intensos o desconocidos. Las puntuaciones del grupo experimental evolucionaron rápidamente durante las 6 semanas de rehabilitación. El índice de estabilidad total antes del entrenamiento era de 6,3432 ± 0,4647 frente a 5,7190 ± 0,3747 después del experimento. Conclusión: El entrenamiento en la rehabilitación física de lesiones articulares de rodilla en atletas tiene un buen efecto en el alivio del dolor y la ganancia de estabilidad articular, demostrando ser superior a la acupuntura y la fisioterapia tradicional. Por lo tanto, se recomienda añadir este protocolo de entrenamiento restaurativo a la rehabilitación de la articulación de la rodilla en atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effects of running on sports injuries during rehabilitation / Efeitos da corrida sobre as lesões esportivas durante a reabilitação / Efectos de la carrera en las lesiones deportivas durante la rehabilitación

ABSTRACT Introduction: Running is a simple, comfortable, low-cost aerobic exercise that promotes health and prevents obesity and heart and brain diseases. Its practice has grown considerably as therapy, and recent studies indicate that there may also be benefits during physical rehabilitation. Objective: Study the effects of running on sports injuries during rehabilitation. Methods: A search was made in the current medical literature to develop a therapeutic management plan. The experimental test method consisted of a study with 38 healthy runners. They were divided into healthy and injured groups according to their sports injuries. Within one year after the experiment, the physical function of the two groups of runners was evaluated again. The result was compared through mathematical statistics among other research methods. results: The total score of the injured group in the FMS test of screening general body movement function was ≤14 points; the comparison found that the athletes in the injured group generally showed weaker bilateral function than the healthy group. Conclusion: Running exercise is feasible in patients with sports injuries, medium intensity running can improve the speed of recovery in these patients. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A corrida é um exercício aeróbico simples, confortável e de baixo custo que pode promover a saúde e prevenir a obesidade, doenças cardíacas e cerebrais. Sua prática tem crescido bastante como uma terapia e estudos recentes indicam que possam haver benefícios também durante o processo de reabilitação física. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos da corrida sobre lesões esportivas durante a reabilitação. Métodos: Efetuou-se uma pesquisa na literatura médica atual para elaborar um plano de conduta terapêutica. O método de teste experimental consistiu num estudo com 38 corredores saudáveis. Eles foram divididos em grupo saudável e grupo lesionado, de acordo com suas lesões esportivas. Dentro de um ano após o experimento, avaliou-se novamente a função física dos dois grupos de atletas. O resultado foi comparado através do método de estatística matemática entre outros métodos de pesquisa. Resultados: A pontuação total do grupo lesionado no teste FMS de triagem da função de movimento corporal geral foi de ≤14 pontos, a comparação constatou que os atletas do grupo lesionado geralmente mostraram uma função bilateral mais fraca do que o grupo saudável. Conclusão: O exercício de corrida mostrou-se viável em pacientes com lesões esportivas, uma corrida de média intensidade pode melhorar a velocidade de recuperação desses pacientes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La carrera es un ejercicio aeróbico sencillo, cómodo y de bajo coste que puede promover la salud y prevenir la obesidad y las enfermedades cardíacas y cerebrales. Su práctica ha crecido mucho como terapia y estudios recientes indican que puede haber beneficios también durante el proceso de rehabilitación física. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos de la carrera en las lesiones deportivas durante la rehabilitación. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura médica actual para elaborar un plan de manejo terapéutico. El método de prueba experimental consistió en un estudio con 38 corredores sanos. Se dividieron en un grupo sano y otro lesionado según sus lesiones deportivas. Un año después del experimento, se volvió a evaluar la función física de los dos grupos de corredores. El resultado se comparó mediante el método de la estadística matemática, entre otros métodos de investigación. Resultados: La puntuación total del grupo lesionado en la prueba FMS de detección de la función de movimiento corporal general fue de ≤14 puntos, la comparación encontró que los atletas del grupo lesionado mostraron generalmente una función bilateral más débil que el grupo sano. Conclusión: Se demostró que el ejercicio de correr es factible en pacientes con lesiones deportivas, la carrera de intensidad media puede mejorar la velocidad de recuperación en estos pacientes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.