Brazilian research consortium on obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders guidelines for the treatment of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Part II: Cognitive-Behavior Therapy treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment and propose clinical interventions for adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: A systematic review of the literature on CBT interventions for the treatment of adult OCD, comprising behavior therapy and exposure and response prevention (ERP) was done. The objective of this study is to present updated clinical guidelines to clinicians, providing comprehensive details regarding the necessary procedures to be incorporated into the CBT protocol. We searched the literature published from 2013-2020 in five databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Psycinfo and Lilacs), considering: study design, primary outcome measures, type of publication and language. Selected articles were assessed for quality with validated tools. Treatment recommendations were classified according to levels of evidence developed by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). RESULTS: We examined 44 new studies used to update the APA guidelines from 2013. High-quality evidence supports CBT including ERP techniques as the first-line CBT treatment for OCD. In addition, protocols for internet-delivered CBT have also demonstrated their efficacy for the treatment of adults with OCD. CONCLUSION: CBT based on ERP is a widely used treatment according to high-quality scientific evidence to treat adults with OCD.

Smartphone-assisted online brief cognitive behavioral therapy to treat maternal depression: findings of a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To test the efficacy of smartphone-assisted online brief cognitive behavioral therapy (b-CBT) to treat maternal depression compared to online brief CBT plus an active control app. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), midpoint (T1, week 4-5), post-treatment (T2, week 8), and follow-up (T3, 2-month postnatal follow-up) by blinded interviewers. The primary outcome was depression measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at T2. We also assessed anxiety, stress, sleep quality, well-being, physical activity, treatment response, and offspring child behavior problems. Results: Eighty-one participants were randomized to the intervention (n=37) or active control (n=44) groups. Seventy-one participants completed the post-treatment assessment or reported primary outcome data. No differences were found between the intervention and active control groups regarding maternal depression or other mental health outcomes. Overall, we found large within-group effect sizes, with 80% of the total sample responding to treatment. Conclusions: Our data showed no difference between the groups, suggesting that adding apps to psychotherapy treatment may not enhance treatment effects on prenatal depression. A within-groups analysis showed that most participants with depression responded to treatment; however, future studies are needed to confirm whether this effect is related to factors other than the intervention.

Smartphone-assisted online brief cognitive behavioral therapy to treat maternal depression: findings of a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of smartphone-assisted online brief cognitive behavioral therapy (b-CBT) to treat maternal depression compared to online brief CBT plus an active control app. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), midpoint (T1, week 4-5), post-treatment (T2, week 8), and follow-up (T3, 2-month postnatal follow-up) by blinded interviewers. The primary outcome was depression measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at T2. We also assessed anxiety, stress, sleep quality, well-being, physical activity, treatment response, and offspring child behavior problems. RESULTS: Eighty-one participants were randomized to the intervention (n=37) or active control (n=44) groups. Seventy-one participants completed the post-treatment assessment or reported primary outcome data. No differences were found between the intervention and active control groups regarding maternal depression or other mental health outcomes. Overall, we found large within-group effect sizes, with 80% of the total sample responding to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed no difference between the groups, suggesting that adding apps to psychotherapy treatment may not enhance treatment effects on prenatal depression. A within-groups analysis showed that most participants with depression responded to treatment; however, future studies are needed to confirm whether this effect is related to factors other than the intervention.

Implicações neurológicas da meditação do tipo terapia cognitiva baseada em mindfulness em pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade ou transtorno depressivo: uma revisão integrativa / Neurological implications of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in patients with anxiety or depressive disorders: an integrative review / Implicaciones neurológicas de la meditación de la terapia cognitiva basada en mindfulness en pacientes con trastorno de ansiedad o trastorno depresivo: una revisión integradora

A Terapia Cognitiva Baseada em Mindfulness (MBCT, do inglês Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy) é uma técnica baseada na combinação da Terapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e da meditação mindfulness, na busca pela melhoria de sintomas psiquiátricos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a busca por publicações que discutam as implicações neurológicas de pacientes diagnosticados com transtorno depressivo e transtorno de ansiedade e que buscaram nessa técnica a melhoria de sua condição clínica ou qualidade de vida. Nossos resultados preliminares mostraram que os benefícios dessa prática foram colhidos na totalidade dos estudos encontrados, elucidando as áreas cerebrais modificadas e o motivo pelo qual elas foram ativadas. Procuramos abordar ainda a diferença entre essa técnica e o uso de medicamentos e tratamento usual. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Terapia Cognitiva-Comportamental; Cérebro; Transtornos Psiquiátricos; Antidepressivos.

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a technique based on the combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and mindfulness meditation, in the search of improving psychiatric symptoms. This present work aims to search for studies and articles that discuss the neurological implications of patients diagnosed with anxiety and major depressive disorders who sought improvement in their clinical condition or life quality through this technique. The preliminary results showed that the benefits of this practice were observed in all of the studies found, elucidating the modified brain areas and the reason why they were activated. The differences between this technique and the use of medication and treatment-as-usual was also addressed.

La Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Mindfulness (MBCT) es una técnica basada en la combinación de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual y la meditación mindfulness, en la búsqueda de la mejora de los síntomas psiquiátricos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo buscar publicaciones que discutan las implicaciones neurológicas de pacientes diagnosticados con trastorno depresivo y trastorno de ansiedad y que busquen en esta técnica mejorar su condición clínica o calidad de vida. Nuestros resultados preliminares mostraron que los beneficios de esta práctica se cosecharon en todos los estudios encontrados, dilucidando las áreas cerebrales modificadas y la razón por la cual se activaron. También tratamos de abordar la diferencia entre esta técnica y el uso de medicación y tratamiento habitual.

Study of the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder.

INTRODUCTION: The effects of dialectical behavior therapy on generalized anxiety disorder have not been examined to date, whereas cognitive behavioral therapy is a well-known psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy versus dialectical behavior therapy on executive function and reduction of symptoms in generalized anxiety disorder. METHOD: In the present study, 72 generalized anxiety disorder patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: dialectical behavior therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy. Evaluations were performed at baseline, post-test, and three months after interventions as a follow-up. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Tower of London Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.Results: The results of the present study showed that both groups had reduced scores for depression and anxiety and increased scores for executive function after the psychotherapies. These changes were maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly reduced by cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy was more effective for improving executive function.

Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo conductual para trastorno obsesivo compulsivo en pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista: Artículo de revisión / Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in patients with autism spectrum disorde: Review article

La terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC), es el tratamiento de elección para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC), principalmente la exposición con prevención de respuesta (EPR). En pacientes que presentan TOC co-ocurrente con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se cree que la TCC tendría un menor efecto debido al empobrecimiento de la comprensión de las propias emociones y de la rigidez cognitiva de estos pacientes. A través de la siguiente revisión se busca evaluar la efectividad de la TCC en pacientes que tengan TOC en asociación a TEA en niños, adolescentes y adultos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos, de los últimos 10 años, que abordasen la efectividad de la TCC en niños, adolescentes o adultos con TOC y TEA en conjunto. Resultados: A pesar de que no todos los estudios concuerdan en sus resultados, la mayoría de éstos, indican que hay efectividad en la TCC en disminuir la sintomatología del TOC en pacientes con TEA co-ocurrente tanto en niños como en adolescentes y adultos. Existen terapias de TCC con ciertas adaptaciones que mejorarían los resultados de estos pacientes al personalizar su tratamiento, por lo que se incentiva al mayor desarrollo de este tipo de terapias. Conclusión: Los estudios revisados respaldan que a pesar de la rigidez que presentan los pacientes con TEA co-ocurrente, la TCC es efectiva para tratar TOC en niños, adolescentes y adultos, especialmente al realizar adaptaciones de esta.

The treatment of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mainly exposure with response prevention (ERP). In patients with OCD co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is believed that CBT should have a lesser effect due to the impoverishment of the understanding of their own emotions and the cognitive rigidity of these patients. The following review seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in patients who have OCD in association with ASD in children, adolescents and adults. Methods: A search was carried out for articles, from the last 10 years, that addressed the effectiveness of CBT in children, adolescents or adults with OCD and ASD together. Results: Although not all studies agree on their results, most of these indicate that CBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms in patients with co-occurring ASD in children, adolescents and adults. There are CBT therapies with certain adaptations that would improve the results of these patients by personalizing their treatment, which is why the further development of this type of therapy is encouraged. Conclusion: The reviewed studies support that despite the rigidity that patients with co-occurring ASD present, CBT is effective to treat OCD in children, adolescents and adults, especially when making adaptations to it.

Brief cognitive behavioral therapy in pregnant women at risk of postpartum depression: Pre-post therapy study in a city in southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects a high number of women, often the first manifestation of a mood disorder that will occur later in life, bringing serious consequences for the patient and her offspring. Depression today is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a preventive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PPD. METHODS: Pre-post therapy study, as part of a population-based cohort study. Pregnant women without a diagnosis of depression participated, who were divided into two groups: risk of depression (CBT) and a control group (without therapy). The preventive therapy consisted of six sessions of CBT, administered weekly. The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45) was used in all sessions. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Beck Depression Inventory-II were used on three occasions. The final statistical analyses were performed by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPD in the risk group was 5.5% and in the control group 2.2%, with no difference between the groups (PR 1.66 95% CI 0.44-6.18). The OQ-45 averages gradually reduced during the therapy sessions, indicating therapeutic progress. Schooling was an associated factor, both with the manifestation of PPD and with the greater effectiveness of the therapy. LIMITATIONS: Rate of 40.5% refusal to preventive treatment and absence of a group with similar characteristics in another therapy model. CONCLUSIONS: Brief cognitive behavioral therapy applied by mental health professionals with basic training was effective in preventing the manifestation of PPD.

The treatment of binge eating disorder with cognitive behavior therapy and other therapies: An overview and clinical considerations.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a public health problem in several countries. BED is commonly associated with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and depression. Notwithstanding the health problems associated with BED, evidence-based treatments for BED are not widely used by healthcare professionals worldwide. Thus, we provide an overview of the leading evidence-based psychological therapies for BED, with the intention of informing healthcare professionals and the general community and facilitating greater provision of treatment. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for BED is briefly presented, focusing mainly on adaptations and stages of the cognitive behavior therapy-enhanced (CBT-E) transdiagnostic model for eating disorders. We also succinctly discuss the use of CBT in combination with weight management interventions or pharmacotherapy, as well as the use of interpersonal therapy and dialectical behavior therapy for BED. We conclude that there is a variety of evidence-based psychological therapies that can be used by a variety of healthcare professionals (not only by psychologists) to help reduce binge eating and associated psychopathology in people with BED. Given the high and increasing prevalence of BED, as well as the availability of effective evidence-based treatments, we encourage more healthcare professionals to explore up-skilling to assist people with BED.

Parent-led, stepped-care cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with autism and co-occurring anxiety: study rationale and method

Anxiety disorders affect up to 50% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are significantly impairing to the person affected, as well as to their loved ones. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as the gold-standard treatment for anxiety disorders among typically developing youth and adults, and demonstrates similar efficacy among youth with high-functioning autism (HFA). Many CBT interventions utilize a "full-package" treatment approach to treat co-occurring anxiety in youth with ASD. However, these service delivery systems are often therapist-intensive, costly, and impractical, thereby compromising full engagement and treatment adherence. This paper describes the design, rationale, and methodology of a study examining stepped-care CBT for youth with HFA and co-occurring anxiety - a clinical trial examining the efficacy of low-intensity, parent-led CBT as the first line of treatment and utilizing a more intensive, therapist-led intervention for nonresponders. The study will evaluate the potential benefits of stepped-care and parent-led therapist-assisted interventions, predictors of treatment response, and the economic value of using a stepped-care model. Implications for practice will be discussed.

Further Exploration of Treatment Response in Latinos with Comorbid Asthma and Panic Disorder: A Brief Report of HRV and ETCO2 as Potential Mediators of Treatment Response.

Heart rate variability (HRV) and end tidal CO2 (ETCO2) in relation to treatment response have not been studied in Latino populations or in comorbid asthma and panic disorder (PD). An extension of previously published research, the current study explored psychophysiological variables as possible mediators of treatment response. Latino treatment completers (N = 32) in the Bronx with asthma-PD received either Cognitive-Behavioral Psychophysiological Therapy (CBPT) or Music Relaxation Therapy (MRT). CBPT included HRV-biofeedback (HRVB); in-the-moment heart rate data to help an individual learn to influence his/her own heart rate. The sample was primarily female (93.8%) and Puerto Rican (81.25%). Treatment groups did not differ on demographics, except for less education in CBPT. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) assessed changes in symptoms. HRV and ETCO2 were measured at four of eight therapy sessions. Baseline ETCO2 and changes in HRV from first to last of psychophysiology sessions were investigated as mediators of change on ACQ and PDSS. Mixed model analyses indicated in the CPBT group, changes in both asthma control and PD severity were not mediated by changes in HRV. In the CBPT and MRT groups combined, changes in PD severity were not mediated by baseline ETCO2. These findings may be due to the brevity of HRVB in CBPT, multiple treatment components, ETCO2 not directly targeted, and/or unique physiological pathways in Latinos with asthma-PD.

Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy after treatment for adults with major depression / Efeito da terapia cognitivo-comportamental um ano após tratamento para adultos com transtorno depressivo maior / Efecto de la terapia cognitiva comportamental un año después tratamiento para transtorno depresivo mayor

In Brazil, little is known about the maintenance of results after treatment of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to verify the effectiveness of individual psychotherapeutic treatment from CBT for depressive symptoms within 6 and 12 months after the intervention. We evaluated 94 participants with MDD from the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). There was significant posttreatment response (p < 0.001), with no difference between the end of the treatment and the symptom assessment at 6 (p = 0.486) and 12 months (p = 0.098). A significant positive correlation was observed between the intensity of depressive symptoms at the baseline and the reduction of initial symptoms for 12-month follow-up (r = 0.49; p < 0.001). CBT significantly reduces depressive symptoms by maintaining this condition up to 12 months post-intervention without significant influence of other characteristics beyond the intensity of depressive symptoms at the beginning of the therapeutic process.

No Brasil, pouco se sabe sobre a manutenção dos resultados pós-tratamento da terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) para o transtorno depressivo maior (TDM). Objetivou-se verificar a efetividade do tratamento psicoterápico individual a partir da TCC para os sintomas depressivos em um período de 6 e 12 meses pós-intervenção. Avaliaram-se 94 participantes com TDM a partir do Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI-II). Houve resposta significativa pós-tratamento (p < 0,001), não ocorrendo diferenças entre o final do tratamento e a avaliação dos sintomas aos 6 (p = 0,486) e 12 meses (p = 0,098). Uma correlação positiva significativa foi observada entre a intensidade dos sintomas depressivos no baseline e a redução de sintomas iniciais para o acompanhamento de 12 meses (r = 0,49; p < 0,001). A TCC reduz significativamente os sintomas depressivos mantendo essa condição até 12 meses pós-intervenção sem influência significativa de outras características além da intensidade dos sintomas depressivos no início do processo terapêutico.

Este estudio verificó la efectividad del tratamiento psicoterápico individual a partir de la terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) para los síntomas depresivos dentro de los 6 y 12 meses post-intervención. Se evaluaron 94 participantes con TDM a partir del Inventario Beck de depresión (BDI-II). Se observó una respuesta significativa post-tratamiento (p < 0,001), no ocurrieron diferencias entre el final del tratamiento y la evaluación de los síntomas a los 6 (p = 0,486) y 12 meses (p = 0,098). Había una correlación positiva significativa entre la intensidad de los síntomas depresivos en el baseline y la reducción de los síntomas iniciales para el seguimiento de 12 meses (r = 0,49; p < 0,001). La TCC reduce significativamente los síntomas depresivos manteniendo esa condición hasta 12 meses después de la intervención sin influencia significativa de otras características además de la intensidad de los síntomas depresivos al inicio del proceso terapéutico.

Programa de Orientação de Pais em Grupo: Um estudo exploratório na abordagem Cognitivo-Comportamental / Group Parent Orientation Program: An Exploratory Study on the Cognitive-Behavioral Approach

As atuais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais na educação dos filhos os levam cada vez mais a buscar ajuda especializada. O Programa de Orientação de Pais da USP-RP (PROPAIS), fundamentado na Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental, objetiva promover a melhoria no convívio familiar. Os pais participantes do programa têm seus filhos atendidos por estagiários da Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental, e a orientação de pais é complementar ao tratamento da criança. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar de forma preliminar os efeitos destas intervenções, com um delineamento quantitativo de pré e pós-teste, baseando-se nos escores do Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP) de uma amostra de 17 pais, identificando se houve diferenças entre pré e pós-teste no que tange ao estilo parental. As análises indicaram diferença significativa entre os testes, sendo que os pais, no geral, conseguiram melhorar seu estilo parental e apresentar diminuição nas práticas parentais negativas e, embora sejam necessários estudos com amostras ampliadas, os resultados sugerem que o programa tem atingido o seu propósito.

The current difficulties faced by parents in raising their children lead them to seek more specialized help. The USP-RP Parent Guidance Program (PROPAIS), based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, aims to promote the improvement of family life. Parents participating in the program have their children attended by trainees of Behavioral Cognitive Therapy I, and parental guidance is complementary to the child’s treatment. The objective of the study is to preliminarily evaluate the effects of these interventions, with a quantitative pre and post test design, based on the scores of the Parenting Styles Inventory (IEP) of 17 participants, identifying if there were differences between pre and post test regarding parental style. The analyzes indicated a significant difference between the tests, being that parents, in general, were able to improve their parental style and present a decrease in negative parental practices and, although studies with enlarged samples are required, the results suggest that the program has achieved its purpose.

LARS&LISA: a universal school-based cognitive-behavioral program to prevent adolescent depression.

Adolescent depression is a prevailing international mental health concern as up to 27% of adolescents experience either subsyndromal depression or a major depressive episode by the age of 18. Depression in adolescence has been found to negatively impact current and future academic achievement, functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Accordingly, the authors emphasize the importance of proactively preventing depression (and its negative outcomes) instead of waiting and having to "fix" the problems after they have already developed. The current article begins with a discussion of the various types of prevention, including their respective advantages and disadvantages. Further and more importantly, the article's primary focus is to provide a summary of the theoretical basis, development of, empirical support for, and content of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioral program to prevent adolescent depression entitled LARS&LISA (Lust An Realistischer Sicht & Leichtigkeit Im Sozialen Alltag). As the program exists within the overlapping realms of universal prevention, school-based programs, and cognitive-behavioral interventions, the content of this article is relevant to all three areas and offers insight into the development of depression prevention in general. Finally, empirical support for the positive effects of the program is presented and some ideas for further research are discussed.

LARS&LISA: a universal school-based cognitive-behavioral program to prevent adolescent depression

Abstract Adolescent depression is a prevailing international mental health concern as up to 27% of adolescents experience either subsyndromal depression or a major depressive episode by the age of 18. Depression in adolescence has been found to negatively impact current and future academic achievement, functioning, mental health, and quality of life. Accordingly, the authors emphasize the importance of proactively preventing depression (and its negative outcomes) instead of waiting and having to "fix" the problems after they have already developed. The current article begins with a discussion of the various types of prevention, including their respective advantages and disadvantages. Further and more importantly, the article's primary focus is to provide a summary of the theoretical basis, development of, empirical support for, and content of a universal school-based cognitive-behavioral program to prevent adolescent depression entitled LARS&LISA (Lust An Realistischer Sicht & Leichtigkeit Im Sozialen Alltag). As the program exists within the overlapping realms of universal prevention, school-based programs, and cognitive-behavioral interventions, the content of this article is relevant to all three areas and offers insight into the development of depression prevention in general. Finally, empirical support for the positive effects of the program is presented and some ideas for further research are discussed.

Cinematerapia: uma proposta psicoeducativa baseada na terapia do esquema / Movie therapy: a psychoeducational proposal based on schema therapy

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar aos terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais uma técnica cinematerápica capaz de psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes sobre os esquemas de arrogo/grandiosidade e autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes. Sete profissionais especialistas na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental responderam a uma prova de juízes. O instrumento foi composto pela transcrição do conteúdo de 19 cenas relativas aos filmes “Carros”, “A Bela e a Fera”, “Detona Ralph” e “Valente”. Os resultados indicaram que 14 cenas possuem prevalência de um dos esquemas que compõem o domínio limites prejudicados (p=0,05), podendo então ser utilizadas para psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes a respeito desses esquemas iniciais desadaptativos (EIDs). Este trabalho contribui para a ampliação do arsenal de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, pois sugere cenas que podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas psicoeducativas na ludoterapia cognitiva, baseando-se em uma categorização sistematizada.

The objective of this research was to present to the cognitive-behavioral therapists a movie therapeutic technique ableto psychoeducate children and adolescents about the entitlement/ grandiosity scheme and insufficient self-control/self-discipline scheme. Seven experts professional in the cognitive-behavioral approach responded to a test of judges. The instrument was composed by the transcription of 19 scenes content relative to the movies “Cars”, “Beauty andthe Beast”, “Wreck-It Ralph” and “Brave”. Judges should read and judge which schemes cited were being portrayedin each scene. The results indicated that 14 scenes had a prevalence of the impaired limits schemes characteristics (p=0,05). So, they can be used to psychoeducate children and adolescents about these schemes. This work contributesto expanding the cognitive-behavioral techniques’s arsenal, because it suggests scenes that can be used as psychoeducational tools in the cognitive play therapy, based on a systematic categorization.

Cinematerapia: uma proposta psicoeducativa baseada na terapia do esquema / Movie therapy: a psychoeducational proposal based on schema therapy

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar aos terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais uma técnica cinematerápica capaz de psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes sobre os esquemas de arrogo/grandiosidade e autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes. Sete profissionais especialistas na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental responderam a uma prova de juízes. O instrumento foi composto pela transcrição do conteúdo de 19 cenas relativas aos filmes “Carros”, “A Bela e a Fera”, “Detona Ralph” e “Valente”. Os resultados indicaram que 14 cenas possuem prevalência de um dos esquemas que compõem o domínio limites prejudicados (p=0,05), podendo então ser utilizadas para psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes a respeito desses esquemas iniciais desadaptativos (EIDs). Este trabalho contribui para a ampliação do arsenal de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, pois sugere cenas que podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas psicoeducativas na ludoterapia cognitiva, baseando-se em uma categorização sistematizada. (AU)

The objective of this research was to present to the cognitive-behavioral therapists a movie therapeutic technique ableto psychoeducate children and adolescents about the entitlement/ grandiosity scheme and insufficient self-control/self-discipline scheme. Seven experts professional in the cognitive-behavioral approach responded to a test of judges. The instrument was composed by the transcription of 19 scenes content relative to the movies “Cars”, “Beauty andthe Beast”, “Wreck-It Ralph” and “Brave”. Judges should read and judge which schemes cited were being portrayedin each scene. The results indicated that 14 scenes had a prevalence of the impaired limits schemes characteristics (p=0,05). So, they can be used to psychoeducate children and adolescents about these schemes. This work contributesto expanding the cognitive-behavioral techniques’s arsenal, because it suggests scenes that can be used as psychoeducational tools in the cognitive play therapy, based on a systematic categorization. (AU)

Terapia comportamental dialética para dependentes químicos / Dialectical behavior therapy for drugs addiction tatiens

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da utilização da terapia comportamental dialética (TCD) em dependentes químicos com transtorno da personalidade borderline (TPB). Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed e Scielo entre os anos de 1996 e 2016, e os descritores utilizados foram: dialectical behavior therapy, drug addiction e borderline personality disorder. Esta pesquisa demonstrou resultados positivos sobre a efetividade da TCD em pacientes dependentes químicos com TPB: a maioria dos estudos encontrou melhores taxas de abstinência, menos uso de substâncias psicoativas e melhora na regulação emocional naqueles indivíduos que fizeram essa modalidade de tratamento. No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos e pequenas as amostras estudadas. Conclui-se que a TCD pode ser uma boa alternativa no tratamento de pacientes com TPB em comorbidade com a dependência química, a fim de diminuir as altas taxas de recaídas do uso de substâncias psicoativas e de atuar na regulação das emoções(AU)

This study aimed to perform a systematic review regarding the use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in drug addicts with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scielo, between 1996 and 2016, and used the following keywords: Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Drug Addiction, and Borderline Personality Disorder. This research has shown positive results on the effectiveness of DBT in drug dependent patients with BPD: Most studies found improved abstinence rates, less psychoactive substance use, and improvement in emotional regulation in those individuals who went through this treatment method. However, there are still few studies, with a small number of samples. It is concluded that DBT can be a good alternative in the treatment of patients with BPD in comorbidity with drug addiction towards the improvement of the high relapse rates of psychoactive substance use and for acting in the regulation of emotions(AU)

Congresso Brasileiro de Terapias Cognitivas: uma história em 10 edições / Brazilian Congress of Cognitive Therapies: a history in 10 editions

No final dos anos 1980, as terapias cognitivo-comportamentais (TCCs) chegaram ao Brasil e foram se difundindo pelo país. A Federação Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas (FBTC) tem tido papel importante nesse crescimento, sendo uma de suas ações o Congresso Brasileiro de Terapias Cognitivas (CBTC), que completou 10 edições em 2015. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir a história dos CBTCs e apontar suas contribuições para o crescimento das TCCs no Brasil. Para isso, foram examinados os anais dos CBTCs, relatórios de gestão da FBTC e das empresas responsáveis pela organização do evento; os sites dos congressos que se encontravam no ar; além de materiais diversos, como fotos, anotações pessoais, entre outros, fornecidos por sócios da Federação; e artigos científicos e capítulos de livros que auxiliassem na construção dessa história. Os resultados apontam crescimento do evento, com aumento do número de palestrantes, participantes e trabalhos apresentados. Indicam também participação intensa da FBTC e do CBTC no crescimento e difusão das TCCs no Brasil. Porém, ainda existe necessidade de difusão da área, por exemplo, nas regiões Norte, Centro-Oeste e Nordeste do País. Conclui-se que os CBTCs estão cumprindo seu papel de difusão das TCCs, assim como prevê a FBTC e a própria área(AU)

In late 1980, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CBT) arrived in Brazil and have spread throughout the country. The Brazilian Federation of Cognitive Therapies (FBTC) has played an important role in this growth promoting Brazilian Congress of Cognitive Therapies (CBTC), which completed 10 editions in 2015. This study aimed to outline the history of CBTC and point its contributions to the growth of CBT in Brazil. For this, were examined the annals of CBTC, reports provided by FBTC and by companies responsible for organizing the meetings, meetings websites, as well as several materials such as photographs and personal notes provided by FBTC members, as well as scientific articles and book chapters that could help construct this process. The results show that CBTC grew along these years, with increased number of speakers, participants and presented papers. They also indicate intense participation of FBTC and CBTC in the growth and spread of CBT in Brazil. However, there is still much to be done to spread CBT, especially in the North, Midwest and Northeast of Brazil. We can say that CBTC are fulfilling its role of disseminating CBT, as forecasted by FBTC and by the field(AU)

Processos de mudança cognitivos e comportamentais em usuários de crack em tratamento / Cognitive and behavioral change processes in crack cocaine users in treatment

A compreensão da motivação e do processo de mudança entre dependentes de álcool e outras drogas tem sido foco de grande interesse nas últimas décadas. A gravidade das consequências relacionadas ao consumo de crack aumenta a preocupação com os elementos relacionados ao processo de tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o construto dos Processos de Mudança (cognitivos e comportamentais) em uma amostra de 395 usuários de crack em tratamento por meio da exploração de variáveis sociodemográficas, estágio de motivação, tempo de tratamento e abstinência e de rastreio cognitivo. Os modelos obtidos pela regressão linear mostraram que variáveis como idade, estágio motivacional, tempo de abstinência e triagem cognitiva estão associados a cada etapa dos processos cognitivos e comportamentais. Semelhanças e diferenças com a literatura internacional e com o Modelo Transteórico de Mudança (MTT) são discutidos(AU)

Comprehension of motivation and change process among alcohol and other drugs users has been the focus of great interest in recent decades. The severity consequence of crack cocaine-related use increase concerns with treatment process elements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the building blocks of change processes (cognitive and behavioral) in a sample of 395 crack cocaine users in treatment through the exploitation of socio-demographic variables, stage of motivation, duration of treatment and of withdrawal, and cognitive screening. The models obtained by linear regression showed that variables such as age, motivational stage, duration of withdrawal, and cognitive screening, are associated with each stage of cognitive and behavioral processes. Similarities and differences with the international literature and the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) are taken into account(AU)