Cross-sectional study of genital carcinogenic HPV infections in Paramaribo, Suriname: prevalence and determinants in an ethnically diverse population of women in a pre-vaccination era.

OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer is caused by carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Prior to the introduction of HPV vaccination in Suriname, we performed a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of and determinants for genital carcinogenic HPV infections. METHODS: Women were recruited at a family planning (FP) clinic and a sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic. Vaginal swabs were used for HPV genotyping by the SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 system. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants for carcinogenic HPV infection. RESULTS: The prevalence of any HPV was 54.2% and of carcinogenic HPV was 27.9% among 813 women attending the FP clinic. Among the 188 women attending the STI clinic, the prevalence of any HPV (76.1%) and of carcinogenic HPV (40.4%) was significantly higher. HPV52 was the most prevalent genotype in both clinics. The prevalence of HPV16 and/or 18 was 6.4% in the FP clinic and 12.2% in the STI clinic. The following determinants were independently associated with carcinogenic HPV infection among women visiting the FP clinic: ≥2 recent partners (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.13 to 2.06), Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.70), disassortative ethnic sexual mixing (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.99) and ethnic group (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.85 for Creole and OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.62 for mixed ethnicity, both compared with Hindustani). No independent determinants were found among women visiting the STI clinic. CONCLUSIONS: Carcinogenic HPV is highly prevalent among women in Suriname, and not equally distributed among ethnic groups. These data provide a baseline to assess possible shifts in the prevalence of HPV genotypes following vaccination.

Bovine anaplasmosis: epidemiological and clinical aspects, and control / Anaplasmose bovina: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e controle

Anaplasma marginale (Theiler 1910) is an obligatory intraerythrocytic rickettsia of susceptible ruminants, transmitted biologically by ticks and mechanically by flies and fomites. Following transmission, A. marginale multiplies within mature erythrocytes and the resulting diseases is characterized by anemia, weight loss, abortion, and death. Anaplasmosis is an economically important disease affecting dairy and beef cattle being present in north, central and south America, Australian and African southeast. Several serologic tests, including complement fixation, card agglutination, immunofluorescent-antibody (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been utilized for epidemiological studies and international movements of animals. The prevalence of Anaplasmosis around the world varies from 2% to 100%, depending on the region, assay utilized and animal age. In Brazil, several epidemiological inquires realized in different states, showed rates varying from 16,3% to 100% seropositive animals. The propose of this work was to collect information on the epidemiology, clinical and control of bovine Anaplasmosis.  

Anaplasma marginale (Theiler 1910) é uma rickettsia intraeritrocítica obrigatória de ruminantes susceptíveis, transmitida, biológica e mecanicamente por carrapatos e insetos hematófagos. Determina as formas clínicas aguda, superaguda, leve, crônica, com um período pré-patente de 20 a 40 dias seguido por parasitemia e intensa anemia, provocando perdas com um custo estimado de 40 a 100 milhões de dólares anuais. O A. marginale está amplamente distribuído nas regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas do mundo, sendo causa primária de anaplasmose em bovinos, estando presente na América do Norte, América Central, América do Sul, Austrália, e Sudeste Africano. A prevalência varia de 2,1% avaliada pelo teste de Fixação de Complemento, 85,9% pelo ELISA a 100% pelo Teste do Cartão. No Brasil, sua prevalência varia entre 16,3% a 100% quando avaliadas pelo TCR, 68 a 98% pela IFI e 87,5% pelo cELISA, nos diferentes Estados e regiões do Brasil. A. marginale confere imunidade de origem humoral e celular que não é dependente de infecção persistente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir informações sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e controle da anaplasmose bovina.    

Bovine anaplasmosis: epidemiological and clinical aspects, and control / Anaplasmose bovina: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e controle

Anaplasma marginale (Theiler 1910) is an obligatory intraerythrocytic rickettsia of susceptible ruminants, transmitted biologically by ticks and mechanically by flies and fomites. Following transmission, A. marginale multiplies within mature erythrocytes and the resulting diseases is characterized by anemia, weight loss, abortion, and death. Anaplasmosis is an economically important disease affecting dairy and beef cattle being present in north, central and south America, Australian and African southeast. Several serologic tests, including complement fixation, card agglutination, immunofluorescent-antibody (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been utilized for epidemiological studies and international movements of animals. The prevalence of Anaplasmosis around the world varies from 2% to 100%, depending on the region, assay utilized and animal age. In Brazil, several epidemiological inquires realized in different states, showed rates varying from 16,3% to 100% seropositive animals. The propose of this work was to collect information on the epidemiology, clinical and control of bovine Anaplasmosis.  

Anaplasma marginale (Theiler 1910) é uma rickettsia intraeritrocítica obrigatória de ruminantes susceptíveis, transmitida, biológica e mecanicamente por carrapatos e insetos hematófagos. Determina as formas clínicas aguda, superaguda, leve, crônica, com um período pré-patente de 20 a 40 dias seguido por parasitemia e intensa anemia, provocando perdas com um custo estimado de 40 a 100 milhões de dólares anuais. O A. marginale está amplamente distribuído nas regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas do mundo, sendo causa primária de anaplasmose em bovinos, estando presente na América do Norte, América Central, América do Sul, Austrália, e Sudeste Africano. A prevalência varia de 2,1% avaliada pelo teste de Fixação de Complemento, 85,9% pelo ELISA a 100% pelo Teste do Cartão. No Brasil, sua prevalência varia entre 16,3% a 100% quando avaliadas pelo TCR, 68 a 98% pela IFI e 87,5% pelo cELISA, nos diferentes Estados e regiões do Brasil. A. marginale confere imunidade de origem humoral e celular que não é dependente de infecção persistente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi reunir informações sobre os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e controle da anaplasmose bovina.