Bouveret syndrome preceding classical gallstone ileus: a rare presentation of a cholecystoduodenal fistula.

Bouveret syndrome is the rarest variant of gallstone ileus characterized by the passage and impaction of a gallstone through a bilioenteric fistula leading to gastric outlet obstruction. The documented movement of an impacted gallstone in Bouveret syndrome through the gastrointestinal tract has not been previously discussed in the literature. A 64-year-old man presented with acute on chronic epigastric pain, fevers, and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography established a diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome. A trial of endoscopic gallstone extraction was unsuccessful. Laparoscopic gastrotomy and stone removal were later attempted, however, intraoperatively it was noted that the stone had migrated and was now impacted in the jejunum causing a small bowel obstruction. The clinical picture was now that of gallstone ileus. Laparoscopic enterolithotomy was performed successfully. This article discusses the radiological, endoscopic, and intraoperative findings in this rare case of Bouveret syndrome that had evolved into classical gallstone ileus following stone migration.

The Multifaceted Impact of Gallstones: Understanding Complications and Management Strategies.

Gallstones, or cholelithiasis, represent a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the formation of calculi within the gallbladder. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the complications associated with gallstones, with a focus on their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, and management strategies. Gallstone-related complications encompass a broad spectrum, including biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, acute pancreatitis, and cholangitis. The pathogenesis of these complications primarily involves biliary obstruction and subsequent infection, leading to significant morbidity and potential mortality. Diagnostic evaluation of gallstone complications employs various imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), each with distinct advantages and limitations. Therapeutic approaches are discussed, ranging from conservative management with pharmacotherapy and bile acid dissolution agents to interventional procedures like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and percutaneous cholecystostomy. Surgical management, particularly laparoscopic cholecystectomy, remains the gold standard for definitive treatment. Additionally, advancements in endoscopic techniques, including endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and cholangioscopy, are highlighted. This review synthesizes current research findings and clinical guidelines, aiming to enhance the understanding and management of gallstone-related complications among healthcare professionals, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of this common ailment.

Bouveret's syndrome: a rare presentation of a common surgical enigma.

Bouveret syndrome, an uncommon complication of cholelithiasis, typically manifests with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction. Despite its rarity, Bouveret syndrome carries significant morbidity and mortality. This paper presents a case study and explores diagnostic approaches and management options for this challenging condition.

Massive gastropathy due to gallstone obstruction of the duodenum (Bourveret syndrome).

Gallstones are common in the general population and are often asymptomatic, but they can also cause complications such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis. In rare instances, they can lead to the formation of a cholecystoduodenal fistula and gallstone ileus. Gastric dilatation and distension following gallstone ileus are extremely uncommon and have rarely been reported in the literature. We report a fatal case of massive gastropathy as a result of Bouveret syndrome secondary to gallstone obstruction.

An unusual case of gallstone ileus 35 years post-cholecystectomy masked by an incisional hernia.

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon cause of mechanical bowel obstruction in patients with cholecystitis and gallstones who develop a fistula over time. In the post-cholecystectomy patient, the presence of gallstone ileus is extremely rare; these patients have different pathophysiological pathways, such as a spilled gallstone that subsequently erodes into the bowel, subtotal cholecystectomies, and diverticulae that can hold a gallstone for hidden several years. In these patients, the clinical presentations are unique because of their rarity and because the gallbladder had been previously removed. A high index of suspicion by the medical team is needed for diagnosis. We present the case of an 85-year-old male who had a history of cholecystectomy 35 years ago. He presented to the emergency department with intestinal obstruction. Since he had a hernia, it was thought to be the cause of the obstruction; however, during surgery, we were surprised to find a gallstone ileus. After surgery, he fully recovered.

Gallstone Ileus as an Infrequent Cause of Bowel Obstruction: A Review of Small Cohort.

Introduction Gallstone ileus is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction; it is a rare complication of calculus chronic cholecystitis which leads to cholecystoenteric fistula and impaction of gallstone in the gastrointestinal tract leading to mechanical bowel obstruction. Our aim is to report the natural history and management of this rare condition in a teaching hospital. Materials and methods It is a retrospective study, where 10 years of data related to the management of intestinal obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus was collected. The cohort included 10 patients, whose demographic data, clinical findings, and management outcomes were evaluated. Results Majority of patients were female (90%, n=9) with a median of 83 years (range 61-96) although 90% of the population were above 70 years. Presenting complaints were mostly pain and vomiting. The onset of symptoms was between two and seven days. The site of obstruction was mostly the ileum (n=9) with the exception of one case in the sigmoid proximal to a benign stricture, and the size of the stone ranged from 2.5 to 4 cm. Moreover, most of the patients had a previous history of gallstone (n=7) with one post-cholecystectomy status. The laboratory investigations in 50% of patients had deranged liver function test (LFT) and acute kidney injury (AKI), and 60% had raised inflammatory markers, namely, white blood cells (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Intervention as enterolithotomy was the preferred approach (n=8 (two laparoscopic, six open surgery)), and two patients were managed conservatively. The mean postoperative length of stay was 10 days in the open approach and five days in the laparoscopic approach, respectively. Conclusions Elderly female patients are more prone to have gallstone ileus particularly with a past medical history of gallstones, and the preferred management option is enterolithotomy which could be open or laparoscopic depending on the expertise of the surgeon.

Bigger Than a Hen's Egg: A Case of Bouveret Syndrome.

Bouveret syndrome, a rare complication of cholelithiasis resulting in gallstone ileus, presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its low incidence and nonspecific symptoms. We report a case of Bouveret syndrome in a middle-aged male without significant medical history, emphasizing the need for heightened clinical suspicion. Diagnostic imaging, including computed tomography and upper endoscopy, revealed gastric outlet obstruction and a cholecystoduodenal fistula. Treatment involved unsuccessful endoscopic lithotripsy followed by surgical intervention. This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration for successful management. With no standardized approach, individualized treatment strategies, including endoscopic and surgical interventions, are crucial for favorable outcomes in Bouveret syndrome.

Surgical Strategy in Bouveret's Syndrome: Report of a Case With One-Stage Surgery.

Bouveret's syndrome is a rare condition caused by a gallstone that impacts the duodenum via a cholecystoduodenal fistula and obstructs the gastric outlet. Despite its high mortality rate, the treatment strategy for Bouveret's syndrome is debatable and frequently challenging. The main issue is whether cholecystectomy and fistula repair following stone extraction should be performed concurrently with one-stage surgery. We present a case of Bouveret's syndrome that was treated with one-stage surgery using a bailout procedure.

Robotic management of primary cholecystoduodenal fistula: A case report and brief literature review.

BACKGROUND: Cholecystoduodenal fistula (CDF) arises from persistent biliary tree disorders, causing fusion between the gallbladder and duodenum. Initially, open resection was common until laparoscopic fistula closure gained popularity. However, complexities within the gallbladder fossa yielded inconsistent outcomes. Advanced imaging and robotic surgery now enhance precision and detection. METHOD: A 62-year-old woman with chronic cholangitis attributed to cholecystoduodenal fistula underwent successful robotic cholecystectomy and fistula closure. RESULTS: Postoperatively, the symptoms subsided with no complications during the robotic procedure. Existing studies report favourable outcomes for robotic cholecystectomy and fistula closure. CONCLUSIONS: Our case report showcases a rare instance of successful robotic cholecystectomy with CDF closure. This case, along with a review of previous cases, suggests the potential of robotic surgery as the preferred approach, especially for patients anticipated to face significant laparoscopic morbidity.

Gallstone ileus- A rare presentation in the era of rampant cholecystectomies.

INTRODUCTION: Gallstone ileus is a rare but potentially dangerous complication of cholelithiasis and represents about 1 % of the total cases of small bowel obstruction (Balthazar and Schechter, 1978). PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of 40 years old female who presented with signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction. On further investigation, a diagnosis of gallstone ileus was established. She was managed by laparoscopy-assisted enterolithotomy. DISCUSSION: Gallstone ileus, a form of mechanical intestinal obstruction, predominantly affects elderly females. Surgical management options includes enterolithotomy alone, two-staged enterolithotomy with delayed cholecystectomy and fistula repair, and single staged enterolithotomy and fistula repair. A laparoscopy-assisted enterolithotomy allows simultaneous direct diagnosis of gallstone ileus and assessment of pericholecystic adhesions along with cholecystoenteral fistula. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy-assisted enterolithotomy was chosen for managing gallstone ileus in this patient, omitting cholecystectomy and fistula repair due to dense adhesions. The patient remained symptom free for 6 months post-surgery, suggesting potential spontaneous closure of the cholecystoduodenal fistula, affirming the viability of this less invasive approach.

Like a Rolling (Gall)Stone: Optimal Treatment of Gallstone Obstruction of the Sigmoid Colon.

BACKGROUND: Sigmoid gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis, accounting for 1-4% of all cases of large-bowel obstruction. This is a highly morbid, and often fatal, condition due to its challenging diagnosis and late presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 90-year-old woman admitted to Emergency Department with abdominal pain and large-bowel obstruction due to a 6 cm gallstone lodged in a diverticulum of the proximal sigmoid colon as a consequence of a cholecysto-colonic fistula. Colonoscopy was deferred due to gallstone size carrying a high possibility of failure. The patient underwent urgent laparotomy with gallstone removal via colotomy. The cholecystocolonic fistula was left untreated. The post-operative course was uneventful; the patient was discharged on 6th post-operative day. CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary discussion between endoscopists and surgeons is often needed to choose the best therapeutic option, especially in high-risk patients.

Gallstone ileus: An unusual complication of cholelithiasis in a 42-year-old female with no comorbidities.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Gallstone ileus is a rare condition, accounting for 0.5 % of mechanical small bowel obstructions. It is a misnomer for mechanical intestinal obstruction caused by one or more gallstones impacted within the gastrointestinal tract lumen, which occurs mostly in the elderly and female population. Treated usually by operative enterolithotomy. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging, but CT, which is investigation of choice, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have made it easier to diagnose. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old female presented to the emergency department with epigastric abdominal pain for 1 week, preceded by 2 months of RUQ pain. CT scan with contrast showed a classical finding of small bowel obstruction and ectopic gallstone. An emergency exploratory laparotomy, enterolithotomy, and cholecystectomy with fistula repair were performed in one surgical stage. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic enterolithotomy alone is the most preferred method due to its low incidence of complications but one-stage or two-stage surgeries are also options, but the choice between surgical modalities depends on the patient's status. CONCLUSION: Gallstone ileus mostly affects older female patients who have a history of gallbladder disease and often have a poor prognosis that becomes worse with age and comorbidities. However, this was a young female patient with no comorbidities, which may affect the prognosis compared to those who are at risk for gallstone ileus.

An authentic radiological triad of Rigler allowing the diagnosis of gallstone ileus: A case report.

The Rigler's Triad consists by three radiological signs, including intestinal obstruction, pneumobilia, and an aberrant gallstone in the bowel. It is an inconstant triad considered being pathognomonic of gallstone ileus. Gallstone ileus is an exceptional complication of cholelithiasis due to the passage of one or more gallstones from the bile ducts into the lumen of the bowel through a biliodigestive fistula. We report the case of an 83-year-old female patient with a history of ischemic heart disease and an asymptomatic large gallstone. The patient was admitted to the emergency department for bowel obstruction, abdominal pain, and bilious vomiting. A clinical examination found a patient with an alteration in general condition and a distended abdomen with tenderness. An abdominal CT scan revealed Rigler's triad, allowing the diagnosis of gallstone ileus. A midline exploratory laparotomy was performed to find a giant gallstone blocked in the last ileum loop. A simple enterolithotomy was performed, allowing the extraction of giant lithiasis from an 8-cm major axis. The postoperative evolution was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 4 days after surgical treatment.

Traveling gallstones: review of MR imaging and surgical pathology features of gallstone disease and its complications in the gallbladder and beyond.

Gallstone-related disease comprises a spectrum of conditions resulting from biliary stone formation, leading to obstruction and inflammatory complications. These can significantly impact patient quality of life and carry high morbidity if not accurately detected. Appropriate imaging is essential for evaluating the extent of gallstone disease and assuring appropriate clinical management. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques (including Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are increasingly used for diagnosis of gallstone disease and its complications and provide high contrast resolution and facilitate tissue-level assessment of gallstone disease processes. In this review we seek to delve deep into the spectrum of MR imaging in diagnose of gallstone-related disease within the gallbladder and complications related to migration of the gallstones to the gall bladder neck or cystic duct, common hepatic duct or bile duct (choledocholithiasis) and beyond, including gallstone pancreatitis, gallstone ileus, Bouveret syndrome, and dropped gallstones, by offering key examples from our practice. Furthermore, we will specifically highlight the crucial role of MRI and MRCP for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and improving patient outcomes in gallstone-related disease and showcase relevant surgical pathology specimens of various gallstone related complications.

Gallstone ileus - a well-known, but rarely encountered cause for small bowel obstruction.

Gallstone ileus is a well-known cause of small bowel obstruction in the radiological literature. In the experience of these authors, gallstone ileus occurs more often in quiz cases for registrars than in the everyday casework of a radiologist. The here presented case of a gallstone ileus provides a good opportunity to summarize cause, clinical presentation, radiological findings, and treatment options for both those studying for the specialist examinations and those whose specialist examinations are long past.

Gallstone Enteropathy: An Unusual Cause of Bowel Obstruction.

Gallstones causing bowel obstruction, known as gallstone ileus, are rare and account for less than 0.5% of small bowel obstruction cases. Additionally, it is a rare complication affecting only 0.3% of patients who have gallstones. Fistula formation between the biliary system, most commonly between the gallbladder and duodenum because of their proximity, facilitates the migration of gallstones into the enteric system with subsequent impaction in the small intestine, usually in the distal ileum close to the ileocecal valve, promoting the development of mechanical small bowel obstruction. Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis is a confirmatory and widely used imaging study when there are two signs of Rigler's triad, which includes pneumobilia, evidence of small bowel obstruction and the presence of radiopaque stones. We report a case of a 75-year-old Caucasian man who presented with abdominal distention with signs of severe dehydration secondary to intractable nausea and vomiting complicated with severe acute kidney injury and was found to have a 4.7-centimeter gallstone-induced small intestinal obstruction.

Surgical management of gallstone ileus after one anastomosis gastric bypass: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Gallstone ileus following one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is an exceptionally rare complication. The presented case report aims to highlight the unique occurrence of this condition and its surgical management. Understanding the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges and successful surgical intervention in such cases is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in bariatric surgery. CASE SUMMARY: We present a case report of gallstone ileus following OAGB and discuss its diagnosis and surgical management. A 66-year-old female with a history of OAGB presented to the emergency room with symptoms of small bowel obstruction. Computed tomography scan revealed a gallstone impacted in the distal ileum, causing obstruction. The patient underwent a laparoscopically assisted enterolithotomy, during which the gallstone was extracted and the enterotomy was closed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on postoperative day four. CONCLUSION: Gallstone ileus should be considered as a possible complication after OAGB, and prompt surgical intervention is usually required for its management. This case report contributes to the limited existing literature, providing insights into the management of this uncommon complication.