Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease and Care: A Short Case Report

ABSTRACT Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute viral infection occurring mostly in infants and children. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection mostly occurs in children < 5 years of age. Severe cases, however, are usually encountered in children under the age of 3 years, and exceedingly rare in teenagers > 14 years and adults. In this report, we present the case of an 11-year-old boy presenting with a hand, foot and mouth disease typical of HFMD.

Atypical hand-foot-mouth disease in Belém, Amazon region, northern Brazil, with detection of coxsackievirus A6.

BACKGROUND: Enterovirus (EV) A71 and coxsackievirus (CV) A16 were the most frequent serotypes involved in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks throughout Asia. In the past 5 years, however, CV-A6 has emerged as a new important pathogen worldwide, and more severe and extensive dermatologic presentations has been reported. OBJECTIVES: Identify the clinical spectrum for atypical HFMD and enterovirus serotypes in Belém, Pará, Amazon region of northern Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective ambulatory clinic-based surveillance conducted from January to June 2019, involving patients under 15 years with symptoms of HFMD. Stool, serum, oropharyngeal, and skin swab samples were analyzed. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect the viral genome of enteroviruses. Positive specimens were submitted to semi-nested PCR. Physical examinations and demographic data were recorded on a standardized form. RESULTS: 48 patients with symptoms of HFMD were included in the study and collected all samples according to protocol. Enteroviruses were detected in 83 % of patients. An atypical form of HFMD with vesiculobullous exanthema was present in 70 % (28/40); desquamation of the palms and soles detected in 90 % (36/40) and onychomadesis in 30 % (12/40) of patients. The serotype was identified in 22 patients, CV- A6 occurred in 81.8 % of them. CONCLUSION: This is the first ambulatory surveillance and virologic investigation involving HFMD performed in outpatients from Amazon region, Brazil. The detection of CV-A6 was related to atypical forms HFMD. Desquamation of the palms and soles and nail changes occurred with frequency, such as a late sequel in the HFMD disease.

Onicomadesis secundaria a enfermedad pie-mano-boca: una manifestación frecuente y motivo de preocupación de los padres / Onychomadesis secondary to hand-foot-mouth disease: a frequent manifestation and cause of concern for parents

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las alteraciones ungueales en niños provocan gran ansiedad en los padres y múltiples consultas en su mayoría innecesarias. La onicomadesis corresponde al despegamiento completo e indoloro de la lámina ungueal desde el pliegue proximal. Este hallazgo ungueal autoresolutivo se ha descrito como una complicación tardía de la enfermedad pie-mano-boca, exantema viral frecuente en la edad pediátrica. OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso pediátrico clásico de enfermedad pie-mano-boca que evolucionó con onicomadesis y revisión de la literatura. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 3 años de edad, con cuadro agudo de microampollas eritematosas, peribucales en un comienzo, luego brazos y manos, glúteos, muslo y pies, asintomático y sin compromiso del estado general. Se reali za diagnóstico clínico de enfermedad pie-mano-boca. Evoluciona con resolución total de lesiones cutáneas , pero al mes, desprendimiento completo de uñas, las que se recuperan con posterioridad. CONCLUSIÓN: El reconocimiento de la asociación entre enfermedad pie-mano-boca con onicomadesis nos permite orientar a los padres sobre un fenómeno benigno y transitorio que puede ocurrir como parte de la evolución de esta virosis, evitando así la ansiedad, derivación y tratamientos innecesarios.

INTRODUCTION: Nail alterations in children are an important cause of parent anxiety and derive in multiple and unnecessary consultations. The onychomadesis corresponds to the complete and pain less detachment of the nail plate from the proximal fold. This self-resolving nail finding has been described as a late complication of hand-foot-mouth disease, a frequent viral exanthema in the pedia tric age. OBJECTIVE: To describe a classic pediatric case of hand-foot-mouth disease with subsequent onychomadesis. CLINICAL CASE: A 3-years-old male patient with an acute presentation of acute erythe matous perioral papulovesicles, which extend to upper extremities and hands, buttocks, thighs and feet, asymptomatic, and without compromising general condition. Skin lesions resolve completely, but after one month, he develops detachment of the nails, with subsequent complete recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The recognition of this association will allow primary care physicians to guide the parents about a benign and self-resolving process that may occur as part of the evolution of hand-foot-mouth disease, thus avoiding unnecessary anxiety, referral and treatments.

[Outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease with onychomadesis caused by Coxsackie virus A16 in Granada]. / Brote de enfermedad boca-mano-pie y onicomadesis causado por el virus Coxsackie A16, Granada.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the significant increase in the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among pre-school children population during late 2011 and early 2012. A study has been proposed with the aim of describing the HFMD outbreak and analyzing the risk factors associated with suffering onychomadesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive and analytical case-control study was designed. The study population was 376 children between 6 and 36 months old, living in the Basic Health Catchment area of Peligros (Granada). The study inclued an epidemiological survey of 28 cases and paired controls in order to collect data on the time, person and place, and implementing preventive actions and family health education. Finally a microbiological viral study of stool samples was made. RESULTS: There were 64% of girls with average age 20.8 months. The clinical signs fornd were, fever (75%), vesicular palmar eruption (71%), plantar eruption (68%), erosive stomatitis (64%), and nail loss (46%). The risk of getting sick was 14 times greater for those children attending a childcare centre and had contact with sick cases (OR 13.8; 95% CI; 3.79-50.18). The average time since onset of symptoms and onychomadesis was 52 days, and its appearance was linked to the presence of ulcers in mouth (P=.006). Five samples were positive to enteroviruses Coxsackie A16. CONCLUSION: There was an outbreak of HFMD detected by pediatricians and families. The cases presented with marked clinical symptoms, and the nail loss (onychomadesis) generated a social alarm. The cause of the outbreak was an enterovirus Coxsackie A16 transmitted among sick cases and through childcare centres.