Mental health in mine workers: a literature review.

The mining environment is hazardous for worker's health. It can affect the mental health, triggering symptoms and diseases, such as anxiety, job stress, depression, sleep disorders, mental fatigue and other. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the scientific literature about the mental health in mine workers and to summarize the findings. The method used was scoping review. The principal outcomes were the following: evidence in the last 12 years in the topic was focused in four themes 1) Psychological problems & personal factors (38.2%); 2) Psychosocial problems & health related factor (23.6%); 3) Well-being (21.1%) and 4) Physical problems & organization factors (17.1%). Several affections, symptoms, characteristics or disorders were inquired about mine worker's mental health, such as job strain, unsafety experiences, poor quality of sleep, non-subjective well-being, job unsatisfaction, social-relations conflict, risk of accidents and injuries, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), substance abuse, dangerous working conditions and demanding job organization, and so on. For those factors, Mining could expose to serious mental health problems to a part of their workers. It's necessary to deepen the elaboration of international policies and carry out more scientific research and suggestions to make programs on the topic.

A indústria farmacêutica na judicialização da saúde: percepção dos atores sociais envolvidos / A indústria farmacêutica na judicialização da saúde: percepção dos atores sociais envolvidos

O tema da tese teve origem nos resultados da pesquisa de mestrado, quando se buscou identificar fatores que poderiam influenciar o aumento de ações judiciais no Brasil, relativas à demanda por anticorpos monoclonais, medicamentos que possuem um alto custo no país. Os dados observados naquele momento corroboravam com estudos realizados, tanto em Minas Gerais como em outros Estados, por pesquisadores que verificavam, no aumento das demandas de ações judiciais relativas a medicamentos, indícios da enorme influência da indústria farmacêutica para introduzir no mercado brasileiro, novos medicamentos. No sentido de organizar essa investigação, a tese está estruturada da seguinte maneira: o primeiro capítulo corresponde à introdução em que é apontado o problema de pesquisa e a justificativa para o estudo. O segundo capítulo apresenta os referenciais teóricos relativos ao complexo médicoindustrial, complexo industrial da saúde e complexo econômico-industrial da saúde, bem como os enfoques que sustentam os pressupostos acerca do tema pesquisado. O terceiro capítulo apresenta a teoria do Interacionismo Simbólico, abordagem teórico-metodológica que fundamenta os métodos qualitativos utilizados na coleta e análise dos dados. O capítulo aborda também a forma de seleção dos sujeitos e o processo de elaboração e execução das entrevistas. No capítulo quatro são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa, com a análise das entrevistas. Destaca-se que o artigo sobre a percepção dos médicos prescritores sobre a influência da indústria farmacêutica nas ações judiciais encontra-se em apêndice da tese. Por fim, apresentase no capítulo final a conclusão da tese, na qual denota-se o entendimento de que o argumento da defesa do direito à saúde, se confunde com a necessidade por um medicamento ou produto médico, algo presente nas narrativas dos atores envolvidos nas ações judiciais. Essa construção gera diversos desdobramentos, entre os quais, a promoção de um complexo fenômeno denominado Judicialização da Saúde que se retroalimenta pelos próprios atores que atuam nesse contexto, muito em razão das mudanças institucionais que podem ampliar ao invés de reduzir as demandas via Judiciário. Espera-se que a tese possa gerar a reflexão não apenas de pesquisadores que trabalham com o tema, mas também de atores que precisam em sua rotina no SUS enfrenta-lo diariamente. Apesar da limitação de se trabalhar com um recorte do tema, ou seja, a indústria farmacêutica e sua interferência nas ações e omissões dos atores nas ações judiciais, pode-se ter avançado nas possibilidades de lidar com o fenômeno.

The thesis topic had its origin in the search results of masters, which sought to identify factors that could influence the increase of lawsuits in Brazil, concerning the demand for monoclonal antibodies, drugs that have a high cost in the country. The data observed at that moment corroborated by studies conducted both in Minas Gerais and in other states, by researchers who were, in the increase of demands of lawsuits relating to drugs, signs of the enormous influence of the pharmaceutical industry to enter the Brazilian market, new drugs. In order to organise this research, the thesis is structured in the following way: the first chapter is the introduction in which is pointed out the problem and the rationale for the study. The second chapter presents the theoretical frameworks relating to complex medical-industrial complex, health industrial complex and economical-industrial health, as well as the approaches that support the hypotheses on the subject researched. The third chapter presents the theory of Symbolic Interactionism, theoretical-methodological approach that underlies the qualitative methods used in the collection and analysis of data. The chapter also discusses the form of subjects' selection and the process of elaboration and implementation of the interviews. In chapter four are presented the results of the research, with the analysis of the interviews. It is noteworthy that the article about the perception of physicians prescribers about the influence of the pharmaceutical industry in lawsuits is in the appendix of this thesis. Finally, it presents itself in the final chapter of the completion of the dissertation, in which denotes the understanding that the argument of the defense of the right to health, is confused with the need for a drug or medical product, something present in the narratives of the actors involved in lawsuits. This construction generates several consequences, among which, the promotion of a complex phenomenon called Health litigation that feedback by actors involved in this context, much due to the institutional changes that can expand rather than reduce the demands via the judiciary. It is expected that the thesis can generate a reflection not just of researchers who work with the theme, but also of actors who need in your routine in the SUS faces it daily. Despite the limitations of working with a cutout of the theme, i.e., the pharmaceutical industry and its interference in the actions and omissions of the actors in lawsuits, you can have advanced the possibilities of dealing with the phenomenon.

Historia del Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional del Perú / History of Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional del Peru

En el Perú, el desarrollo de la industria ha generado mejoras económicas pero, a la vez, ha tenido un gran impacto en la salud de sus trabajadores por lo que era necesario implementar mecanismos de control. Por ello, en 1940 se crea el Departamento de Higiene Industrial, que en 1956 cambia a Instituto de Salud Ocupacional, que fue desactivado en 1994. Sin embargo, el 2001 reaparece en la estructura organizacional del Ministerio de Salud como Instituto de Salud Ocupacional "Alberto Hurtado Abadía". En la actualidad, es el Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud (CENSOPAS), órgano del Instituto Nacional de Salud que continúa trabajando en sinergia con otras instituciones y sectores, generando evidencias para proteger la salud de las personas expuestas (trabajadores y comunidad) a la contaminación y riesgos asociados con las actividades económicas.

In Peru, the industry´s development has made economic improvements but at the same time, it has had a major impact on the health of the workers; for that reason, it was necessary to generate control mechanisms. So, in 1940 it was created the Departmento de Higiene Industrial, which in 1956 was changed to Instituto de Salud Ocupacional, but it was deactivated in 1994. However, in 2001 it reappeared into the Ministerio de Salud organizational structure with the name of Instituto de Salud Ocupacional "Alberto Hurtado Abadía". Actually, it is the Centro Nacional de Salud Ocupacional y Protección del Ambiente para la Salud (CENSOPAS), organ of the Instituto Nacional de Salud which continues working in synergy with other institutions and sectors, making research to protect the health of exposed persons (workers and community) to contamination and risks associated with economic activities.