Análise de forças de movimentação e características físico-químicas em alinhadores ortodônticos: avanços tecnológicos e considerações críticas / Analysis of motion forces and physicochemical characteristics in orthodontic aligners: technological advances and critical considerations

O avanço tecnológico revolucionou a prática odontológica, com os alinhadores ortodônticos emergindo como uma escolha altamente popular entre pacientes que buscam tratamentos estéticos e confortáveis. No entanto, apesar de sua crescente demanda, permanecem questões cruciais relacionadas à eficácia e análise dimensional desses dispositivos. Este artigo oferece uma análise abrangente das características químicas, físicas e mecânicas dos alinhadores ortodônticos, iluminando a influência vital do processo de termoformação e da espessura nas propriedades desses materiais. Compreender profundamente essas características é essencial para aprimorar a eficácia e a durabilidade dos alinhadores ortodônticos, contribuindo, assim, para o sucesso e a evolução dos tratamentos ortodônticos modernos. Neste estudo, exploraremos: 1) as propriedades químicas dos materiais e como elas afetam a biocompatibilidade e a resistência à degradação; 2) as características físicas, incluindo textura de superfície, transparência e sua influência na adaptação bucal e no conforto do paciente; 3) as propriedades mecânicas, como flexibilidade e rigidez, e como essas características afetam a distribuição de forças de movimentação dentária; 4) a influência do processo de termoformação na precisão e reprodutibilidade dos alinhadores, bem como sua relação com a qualidade do tratamento; 5) a análise crítica da espessura dos alinhadores e seu papel na capacidade de aplicar forças adequadas para a movimentação dentária. Ao abordar esses aspectos, este artigo visa oferecer uma visão holística das complexidades envolvidas na fabricação e uso de alinhadores ortodônticos. Esperamos que esta revisão contribua para uma compreensão mais profunda desses dispositivos e promova avanços significativos na ortodontia, beneficiando tanto os profissionais quanto os pacientes.

Technological advancement has revolutionized dental practice, with orthodontic aligners emerging as a trendy choice among patients seeking aesthetic and comfortable treatments. However, despite their growing demand, crucial questions remain regarding these devices' effectiveness and dimensional analysis. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics of orthodontic aligners, illuminating the vital influence of the thermoforming process and thickness on the properties of these materials. Understanding these characteristics in depth is essential to improving the effectiveness and durability of orthodontic aligners, thus contributing to the success and evolution of modern orthodontic treatments. In this study, we will explore 1) the chemical properties of materials and how these properties affect biocompatibility and resistance to degradation; 2) the physical characteristics, including surface texture, transparency and their influence on oral adaptation and patient comfort; 3) mechanical properties, such as flexibility and stiffness, and how these characteristics affect the distribution of tooth movement forces; 4) the influence of the thermoforming process on the precision and reproducibility of the aligners, as well as its relationship with the quality of the treatment; 5) critical analysis of aligner thickness and its role in the ability to apply adequate forces for tooth movement. By addressing these aspects, this article aims to offer a holistic view of the complexities involved in manufacturing and using orthodontic aligners. We hope this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of these devices and promote significant advances in orthodontics, benefiting professionals and patients.

Impact of Silicon Carbide Coating and Nanotube Diameter on the Antibacterial Properties of Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces.

This study aimed to comprehensively assess the influence of the nanotube diameter and the presence of a silicon carbide (SiC) coating on microbial proliferation on nanostructured titanium surfaces. An experiment used 72 anodized titanium sheets with varying nanotube diameters of 50 and 100 nm. These sheets were divided into four groups: non-coated 50 nm titanium nanotubes, SiC-coated 50 nm titanium nanotubes, non-coated 100 nm titanium nanotubes, and SiC-coated 100 nm titanium nanotubes, totaling 36 samples per group. P. gingivalis and T. denticola reference strains were used to evaluate microbial proliferation. Samples were assessed over 3 and 7 days using fluorescence microscopy with a live/dead viability kit and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At the 3-day time point, fluorescence and SEM images revealed a lower density of microorganisms in the 50 nm samples than in the 100 nm samples. However, there was a consistently low density of T. denticola across all the groups. Fluorescence images indicated that most bacteria were viable at this time. By the 7th day, there was a decrease in the microorganism density, except for T. denticola in the non-coated samples. Additionally, more dead bacteria were detected at this later time point. These findings suggest that the titanium nanotube diameter and the presence of the SiC coating influenced bacterial proliferation. The results hinted at a potential antibacterial effect on the 50 nm diameter and the coated surfaces. These insights contribute valuable knowledge to dental implantology, paving the way for developing innovative strategies to enhance the antimicrobial properties of dental implant materials and mitigate peri-implant infections.

Effect of adding ytterbium trifluoride filler particles on the mechanical, physicochemical and biological properties of methacrylate-based experimental resins for 3D printing.

OBJECTIVE: To formulate an experimental methacrylate-based photo-polymerizable resin for 3D printing with ytterbium trifluoride as filler and to evaluate the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties. METHODS: Resin matrix was formulated with 60 wt% UDMA, 40 wt% TEGDMA, 1 wt% TPO, and 0.01 wt% BHT. Ytterbium Trifluoride was added in concentrations of 1 (G1 %), 2 (G2 %), 3 (G3 %), 4 (G4 %), and 5 (G5 %) wt%. One group remained without filler addition as control (GC). The samples were designed in 3D builder software and printed using a UV-DLP 3D printer. The samples were ultrasonicated with isopropanol and UV cured for 60 min. The resins were tested for degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength, Knoop microhardness, softening in solvent, radiopacity, colorimetric analysis, and cytotoxicity (MTT and SRB). RESULTS: Post-polymerization increased the degree of conversion of all groups (p < 0.05). G2 % showed the highest DC after post-polymerization. G2 % showed no differences in flexural strength from the G1 % and GC (p > 0.05). All groups showed a hardness reduction after solvent immersion. No statistical difference was found in radiopacity, softening in solvent (ΔKHN%), colorimetric spectrophotometry, and cytotoxicity (MTT) (p > 0.05). G1 % showed reduced cell viability for SRB assay (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: It was possible to produce an experimental photo-polymerizable 3D printable resin with the addition of 2 % ytterbium trifluoride as filler without compromising the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties, comparable to the current provisional materials.

Computational insights into popsilicene as a new planar silicon allotrope composed of 5-8-5 rings.

Silicon-based two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and other advanced technologies. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of a novel silicon allotrope, Popsilicene (Pop-Si), derived from the structure of Popgraphene. Using density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we explore the thermal stability, mechanical and electronic properties, and optical characteristics of Pop-Si. Our results demonstrate that Pop-Si exhibits good thermal stability at 1000 K. Electronic structure calculations reveal that Pop-Si is metallic, with a high density of states at the Fermi level. Furthermore, our analysis of the optical properties indicates that Pop-Si has pronounced UV-Vis optical activity, making it a promising candidate for optoelectronic devices. Mechanical property assessments show that Pop-Si has Young's modulus ranging from 10 to 92 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.95. These results combined suggest its potential for practical applications.

The production and materials of mouthguards: Conventional vs additive manufacturing - A systematic review.

This investigation presents a critical analysis of mouthguard production, focusing on the evaluation of conventional vs additive manufacturing methods, the materials involved, and aspects such as their failure and prevention. It also summarizes the current trends, perspectives, and the main limitations. It is shown that some of the shortcomings can be solved by implementing additive manufacturing technologies, which are systematically reviewed in this research. Due to the specific materials used to produce mouthguards, there are certain additive manufacturing technologies that dominate and a wide variety of raw materials. The costs vary depending on the technology.

Elastic Property Evaluation of Fiberglass and Epoxy Resin Composite Material Using Digital Image Correlation.

This study focused on evaluating the sensitivity and limitations of the simplified equipment used in the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique, comparing them with the analog extensometer, based on the mechanical property data of a composite made of fiberglass and epoxy resin. The objectives included establishing a methodology based on the literature, fabricating samples through manual lamination, conducting mechanical tests according to the ASTM D3039 and D3518 standards, comparing DIC with the analog extensometer of the testing machine, and contrasting the experimental results with classical laminate theory. Three composite plates with specific stacking sequences ([0]3, [90]4, and [±45]3) were fabricated, and samples were extracted for testing to determine tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and other properties. DIC was used to capture deformation fields during testing. Comparisons between data obtained from the analog extensometer and DIC revealed differences of 11.1% for the longitudinal modulus of elasticity E1 and 5.6% for E2. Under low deformation conditions, DIC showed lower efficiency due to equipment limitations. Finally, a theoretical analysis based on classical laminate theory, conducted using a Python script, estimated the longitudinal modulus of elasticity Ex and the shear strength of the [±45]3 laminate, highlighting a relative difference of 31.2% between the theoretical value of 7136 MPa and the experimental value of 5208 MPa for Ex.

Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Ferrite Hollow Spheres Synthesized via Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly.

Semiconductor hollow spheres have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their unique structural properties and enhanced surface area, which are advantageous for various applications in catalysis, energy storage, and sensing. The present study explores the surfactant-assisted synthesis of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) hollow spheres, emphasizing their enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. Utilizing a novel, facile, two-step evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) approach, monodisperse BiFeO3 hollow spheres were synthesized with a narrow particle size distribution. The synthesis involved Bi/Fe citrate complexes as precursors and the triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 as a soft template. The BiFeO3 hollow spheres demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic performance in degrading the emerging pollutants Rhodamine B and metronidazole under visible-light irradiation (100% degradation of Rhodamine B in <140 min and of metronidazole in 240 min). The active species in the photocatalytic process were identified through trapping experiments, providing crucial insights into the mechanisms and efficiency of semiconductor hollow spheres. The findings suggest that the unique structural features of BiFeO3 hollow spheres, combined with their excellent optical properties, make them promising candidates for photocatalytic applications.

Advances and Applications of Hybrid Graphene-Based Materials as Sorbents for Solid Phase Microextraction Techniques.

The advancement of traditional sample preparation techniques has brought about miniaturization systems designed to scale down conventional methods and advocate for environmentally friendly analytical approaches. Although often referred to as green analytical strategies, the effectiveness of these methods is intricately linked to the properties of the sorbent utilized. Moreover, to fully embrace implementing these methods, it is crucial to innovate and develop new sorbent or solid phases that enhance the adaptability of miniaturized techniques across various matrices and analytes. Graphene-based materials exhibit remarkable versatility and modification potential, making them ideal sorbents for miniaturized strategies due to their high surface area and functional groups. Their notable adsorption capability and alignment with green synthesis approaches, such as bio-based graphene materials, enable the use of less sorbent and the creation of biodegradable materials, enhancing their eco-friendly aspects towards green analytical practices. Therefore, this study provides an overview of different types of hybrid graphene-based materials as well as their applications in crucial miniaturized techniques, focusing on offline methodologies such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE), disposable pipette extraction (DPX), dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (d-µ-SPE), and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).

Color Stability of Single-Shade Resin Composites in Direct Restorations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The objective was to compare the color match and color stability behavior of single- and multi-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) used for direct restorations. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the shade performance of single-shade RBCs in direct restorations were included. A search of the scientific literature was performed in five databases (April 2024). The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4, calculating the risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the dichotomous outcome using a random effects model. Bias was assessed using the RoB 2.0 tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro tool. Four studies were selected, with 263 restorations analyzed. The results showed comparable performance between single-shade RBCs and multi-shade RBCs in terms of color match and color stability over 12 months. Three studies had a low risk of bias with all expected results, and one study had some concerns. The certainty of evidence for color stability was considered low for all follow-up periods due to the small number of events and sample size. According to the United States Public Health Service Evaluation (USPHS) and the World Dental Federation (FDI), there is comparable clinical color performance between single-shade and multi-shade RBCs over 12 months.

Exploring the effectiveness of doxycycline in restorative dentistry: a systematic review of in vitro studies.

This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of doxycycline in MMP inhibition, its antibacterial action, and other properties relevant to dental materials testing. The study protocol was registered at the Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZVK2T ). Reporting was based on PRISMA statement. The search was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, and Google Scholar. Articles were restricted to Portuguese, English, and Spanish, with no date limit. In vitro studies were selected based on the following outcomes: DOX antibacterial and anti-metalloproteinase activity and its influence in physico-chemical properties. Two researchers independently selected the articles and collected the data. Of 1507 documents, 82 were fully evaluated and 21 were included. Different forms of doxycycline incorporation were found, both as free form and incorporated into carrier agents. The drug was tested as primers, incorporated in adhesive or glass ionomer cement. No studies were found that evaluated its incorporation in resin composite or resin cement. The results confirmed the therapeutic properties of the medication, with more significant results when incorporated in an adhesive. However, although promising, the use of this substance requires standardization in application methods and adopted concentrations, allowing for more direct comparisons between studies. Furthermore, long-term studies are interesting to conduct, ensuring biocompatibility and complete understanding of long-term effects on dental materials.

Restauração transcirúrgica: passo a passo / Transsurgical restoration: step by step

Sabe-se que para uma restauração ser considerada um sucesso clínico é preciso que haja uma concomitância saudável entre a estrutura dentária, o material restaurador e as estruturas biológicas periodontais. As restaurações transcirúrgicas caracterizam-se como procedimentos alternativos para possibilitar a restauração de dentes com cárie dentária extensa, restaurações subgengivais desadaptadas e fraturas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um relato de caso de um procedimento cirúrgico-restaurador, através de uma técnica de restauração transcirúrgica. Este estudo tem como justificativa relatar um caso clínico, colaborando com maiores informações sobre a escolha da técnica a ser empregada, mostrando em quais situações devemos escolher uma restauração transcirúrgica e quais seus benefícios. Também, salientar se devemos fazer a recuperação do espaço biológico do periodonto ou não(AU)

It is known that for a restoration to be considered a clinical success, there must be a healthy concomitance between the tooth structure, the restorative material and the periodontal biological structures. Transsurgical restorations are characterized as alternative procedures to enable the restoration of teeth with extensive dental caries, maladapted subgingival restorations and fractures. The present study aims to carry out a case report of a surgical-restorative procedure, using a transsurgical restoration technique. This study is justified by reporting a clinical case, providing more information on the choice of technique to be used, showing in which situations we should choose a transsurgical restoration and what its benefits are. Also, highlight whether we should recover the biological space of the periodontium or not(AU)

A Fluorescence-based Method to Reaccess Root Canals in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Micro-Computed Tomography Tridimensional Assessment.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volume of dentin removal and the volume of remnants of restorative material after the removal of an esthetic restorative coronal set and cervical barrier in endodontically treated mandibular molars with the aid of different magnification methods using 3-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) morphometric analysis. METHODS: A sample of 30 mandibular first molars (N = 30) was used. All teeth were endodontically treated, and the specimens were initially scanned using micro-CT imaging and reconstructed. The molars were filled by a single-cone technique, and immediately the material at the initial 2-mm cervical level was removed. Cervical barriers were confected using ionomer glass cement with fluorescein 0.1%, filling the 2 mm at the cervical level of the canals and an additional 2 mm as the base. The coronal restoration set was performed using esthetic resin composites. A simulated tooth aging process was performed with 20,000 thermocycling cycles. The sample was distributed into the following 3 groups (n = 10) for the removal of the restoration set and cervical barrier with diamond burs based on the magnification aid: no magnification aid (naked eye), operative microscope aid, and REVEAL device (Design for Vision Inc, Bohemia, NY) aid. After removal, the final 3D micro-CT scanning and reconstruction were conducted with the same parameters as the initial scanning, and superposition of the final and initial scanning was performed. Morphometric analysis was conducted using CTAn software (Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium) to assess the volume of remnant restorative material (mm³), the volume of dentin removal (mm³), and the direction and site of dentin removal. Data were analyzed using 1-Way analysis of variance (P < .05). RESULTS: The REVEAL group showed better results regarding the volume of remnant material (3.17 ± 1.65) and the percentage of dentin removal (2.56 ± 1.34). The microscope group showed no statistical difference compared with the REVEAL group regarding dentin removal (3.30 ± 1.48) and was statistically similar to the naked eye group in the volume of remnant material (9.63 ± 4.33). The naked eye group showed the worst results for the volume of remnant material (7.60 ± 2.68) and the percentage of dentin removal (6.60 ± 3.70). CONCLUSIONS: The use of fluorescence associated with magnification was the method that presented the best results, with lower percentages of dentin removal and smaller volumes of remaining restorative material. This is an innovative technology in endodontics that shows potential to overcome the challenge of reaccessing root canals in the context of endodontic retreatment.

In Vitro Comparison of Titanium Disc Surface Roughness and Bacterial Colonization After Ultrasonic Instrumentation With Three Different Tips.

During implant maintenance, preserving a smooth surface on the machined transmucosal abutment is critical to reduce biofilm attachment and colonization. The present study compared the surface roughness and bacterial colonization of machined titanium surfaces after instrumentation with various materials. Forty-four machined grade 23 titanium discs were instrumented with a round polyether ether ketone (PEEK) tip, a plastic curette tip, or a pure titanium curette tip with piezoelectric devices. Before and after instrumentation, the surface roughness (Ra and Rz) values were analyzed with a profilometer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Streptococcus sanguinis was cultured and incubated for 24 hours on the instrumented discs, and colony-forming units per milliliter were obtained for each group. Samples instrumented with the metal ultrasonic tip significantly increased surface roughness compared with the other groups. This resulted in greater colonization by S. sanguinis than surfaces instrumented with PEEK tips or the negative control. Samples instrumented with PEEK and plastic tips did not exhibit any statistically significant increase in surface roughness, and SEM analysis revealed a significantly rougher surface of discs instrumented with metal compared with discs instrumented with plastic or PEEK tips despite the possibility of debris from tip dissolution. Our results suggest that instrumentation with metal ultrasonic tips with piezoelectric devices significantly increased machined titanium's surface roughness and elicited higher biofilm formation in vitro. Meanwhile, instrumentation of machined titanium with PEEK or plastic ultrasonic tips did not affect the surface roughness or bacterial adhesion.

Assessment of potential human health, radiological and ecological risks around mining areas in northeastern Brazil.

Mining is responsible for the release of metallic pollutants and radioactive materials into the environment, which have the potential to disrupt ecosystems and pose significant risks to human health. Significant mining activity is concentrated in the municipality of Caetité (northeastern Brazil), where Latin America's only active uranium mine and significant iron ore deposits are located. Although previous studies have shown that the regional soil and water resources are highly contaminated by various toxic elements and that exposure to these elements is known to have adverse effects on human health, the health risks in this mining region have never been assessed. The aim of this unprecedented comprehensive investigation was to assess the health, radiological and ecological risks in this mining region, which is home to nearly 100,000 people. To achieve our goal, soil and water samples were collected in the vicinity of the mines and in the main settlements in the region. Fifteen metallic toxic elements were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The HERisk code, which follows the main methodological guidelines for risk assessment, was used to quantify human health, radiological and ecological indices. The average values of the total risk and cancer risk indices indicated that region falls into the moderate risk category (1.0 ≤ HItot < 4.0). However, 63% of the sites had high risk values, with Fe, Co and As being the metals contributing most to total and cancer risk, respectively. Near the mining areas, the potential ecological risk can be considered extreme (PERI ≥ 600). The values of the calculated radiological indices correspond to typical values ​​in natural uranium areas. However, in the communities near the mine, the dose values are slightly above the permissible limit (1 mSv y-1), so they must be continuously monitored, and risk mitigation measures must be taken.

Validation of DOE Factorial/Taguchi/Surface Response Models of Mechanical Properties of Synthetic and Natural Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Hybrid Material.

A validation of the factorial, Taguchi and response surface methodology (RSM) statistical models is developed for the analysis of mechanical tests of hybrid materials, with an epoxy matrix reinforced with natural Chambira fiber and synthetic fibers of glass, carbon and Kevlar. These materials present variability in their properties, so for the validation of the models a research methodology with a quantitative approach based on the statistical process of the design of experiments (DOE) was adopted; for which the sampling is in relation to the design matrix using 90 treatments with three replicates for each of the study variables. The analysis of the models reveals that the greatest pressure is obtained by considering only the source elements that are significant; this is reflected in the increase in the coefficient of determination and in the predictive capacity. The modified factorial model is best suited for the research, since it has an R2 higher than 90% in almost all the evaluated mechanical properties of the material; with respect to the combined optimization of the variables, the model showed an overall contribution of 99.73% and global desirability of 0.7537. These results highlight the effectiveness of the modified factorial model in the analysis of hybrid materials.

Properties of a Dental Adhesive Containing Graphene and DOPA-Modified Graphene.

Graphene is a promising biomaterial. However, its dispersion in aqueous medium is challenging. This study aimed to modify graphene nanoparticles with L-dopa to improve the properties of experimental dental adhesives. Adhesives were formulated with 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of graphene, modified or not. Particle modification and dispersion were microscopically assessed. Degree of conversion was tested by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were evaluated by a 3-point flexural test. Bond strength was tested by shear. To test water sorption/solubility, samples were weighed during hydration and dehydration. Antibacterial activity was tested by Streptococcus mutans colony-forming units quantification. Cytotoxicity on fibroblasts was evaluated through a dentin barrier test. The modification of graphene improved the particle dispersion. Control presented the highest degree of conversion, flexural strength, and bond strength. In degree of conversion, 0.25% of groups were similar to control. In bond strength, groups of graphene modified by L-dopa were similar to Control. The modulus of elasticity was similar between groups. Cytotoxicity and water sorption/solubility decreased as particles increased. Compared to graphene, less graphene modified by L-dopa was needed to promote antibacterial activity. By modifying graphene with L-dopa, the properties of graphene and, therefore, the adhesives incorporated by it were enhanced.

Assessment of Pyrogenic Response of Medical Devices and Biomaterials by the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT): A Systematic Review.

Pyrogens are fever-inducing substances routinely investigated in health products through tests such as the Rabbit Pyrogen Test (RPT), the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL), and the Monocyte Activation Test (MAT). However, the applications of the MAT for medical devices and biomaterials remain limited. This work aimed to overview the studies evaluating the pyrogenicity of medical devices and biomaterials using the MAT, highlighting its successes and potential challenges. An electronic search was performed by December 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, identifying 321 records which resulted in ten selected studies. Data were extracted detailing the tested materials, MAT variants, interferences, and comparisons between methods. Methodological quality was assessed using the ToxRTool, and the results were synthesized descriptively. The selected studies investigated various materials, including polymers, metals, and natural compounds, employing the different biological matrices of the MAT. Results showed the MAT's versatility, with successful detection of pyrogens in most materials tested, though variability in sensitivity was noted based on the material and testing conditions. Challenges remain in optimizing protocols for different material properties, such as determining the best methods for direct contact versus eluate testing and addressing the incubation conditions. In conclusion, the MAT demonstrates significant potential as a pyrogen detection method for medical devices and biomaterials. However, continued research is essential to address existing gaps, optimize protocols, and validate the test across a broader range of materials.

Effect of hydrofluoric acid and self-etch ceramic primers on the flexural strength and fatigue resistance of glass ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies.

This systematic review evaluated the effect of different hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching regimens and a self-etch ceramic primer (SECP) on the flexural strength (FS) and fatigue failure load (FFL) of glass-ceramic materials.The identification of relevant studies was conducted by two authors in five databases: PubMED, Scopus, Web Of Science, LILACS and Virtual Health Library (BVS) until July 2022 with no year limit. The analysis was conducted in RevMan 5.4.1 Software (Cochrane Collaboration) using Random effect model at 5 %. The risk of bias of the included studies were assessed. From the 5349 articles identified, 34 were included for quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis showed that for predominantly glassy ceramics, etching with HF 5 % had no significant impact on FS, however, HF acid etching with concentrations greater than 5 % negatively impacted FS. For lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (LDGC) HF acid etching, negatively influenced FS, while increasing the FFL. HF etching negatively affected FS of hybrid ceramics. The self-etch ceramic primer and HF acid etching showed a similar impact on FFL and FS. This meta-analysis indicates that the impact of SECP and HF acid etching on the mechanical behavior of glass ceramics is material-dependent.

Investigating layer-by-layer films of carbon nanotubes and nickel phthalocyanine towards diquat detection.

The indiscriminate use of pesticides makes us susceptible to the toxicity of these chemical compounds, which may be present in high quantities in our food. It is crucial to develop inexpensive and rapid methods for determining these pesticides for government control or even for the general population. In this study, we investigated the fabrication of self-assembled LbL films using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nickel tetrasulphonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) as an electrochemical sensor for the herbicide Diquat (DQ). The Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly of the (MWCNT/NiTsPc) film was examined, along with its structural and morphological characteristics. The effect of the number of layers in DQ detection was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, followed by the detection through differential pulse voltammetry. The achieved limit of detection was 9.62 × 10-7 mol L-1. A ~ 30% decrease in sensitivity was observed in the presence of Paraquat, a banned herbicide and electrochemical interferent due to the structural similarities, which is regularly neglected in the most published studies. The sensor was tested in real samples, demonstrating a recovery of 98.5% in organic apples.

Innovating Leishmaniasis Treatment: A Critical Chemist's Review of Inorganic Nanomaterials.

Leishmaniasis, a critical Neglected Tropical Disease caused by Leishmania protozoa, represents a significant global health risk, particularly in resource-limited regions. Conventional treatments are effective but suffer from serious limitations, such as toxicity, prolonged treatment courses, and rising drug resistance. Herein, we highlight the potential of inorganic nanomaterials as an innovative approach to enhance Leishmaniasis therapy, aligning with the One Health concept by considering these treatments' environmental, veterinary, and public health impacts. By leveraging the adjustable properties of these nanomaterials─including size, shape, and surface charge, tailored treatments for various diseases can be developed that are less harmful to the environment and nontarget species. We review recent advances in metal-, oxide-, and carbon-based nanomaterials for combating Leishmaniasis, examining their mechanisms of action and their dual use as standalone treatments or drug delivery systems. Our analysis highlights a promising yet underexplored frontier in employing these materials for more holistic and effective disease management.