Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Risk of Early Brain Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Term among Infants Born at ≤32 Weeks' Gestational Age.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the proximal effects of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on a validated measure of brain abnormalities in infants born at ≤32 weeks' gestational age (GA) using magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. STUDY DESIGN: In a multisite prospective cohort study, 395 infants born at ≤32 weeks' GA, underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging scan between 39 and 44 weeks' postmenstrual age. A single neuroradiologist, blinded to clinical history, evaluated the standardized Kidokoro global brain abnormality score as the primary outcome. We classified infants as HDP-exposed by maternal diagnosis of chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, or eclampsia. Linear regression analysis identified the independent effects of HDP on infant brain abnormalities, adjusting for histologic chorioamnionitis, maternal smoking, antenatal steroids, magnesium sulfate, and infant sex. Mediation analyses quantified the indirect effect of HDP mediated via impaired intrauterine growth and prematurity and remaining direct effects on brain abnormalities. RESULTS: A total of 170/395 infants (43%) were HDP-exposed. Adjusted multivariable analyses revealed HDP-exposed infants had 27% (95% CI 5%-53%) higher brain abnormality scores than those without HDP exposure (P = .02), primarily driven by increased white matter injury/abnormality scores (P = .01). Mediation analyses showed HDP-induced impaired intrauterine growth significantly (P = .02) contributed to brain abnormality scores (22% of the total effect). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal hypertension independently increased the risk for early brain injury and/or maturational delays in infants born at ≤32 weeks' GA with an indirect effect of 22% resulting from impaired intrauterine growth. Enhanced prevention/treatment of maternal hypertension may mitigate the risk of infant brain abnormalities and potential neurodevelopmental impairments.

A Pilot Study of Dietetic, Phenotypic, and Genotypic Features Influencing Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbimortality. Dietetic, phenotypic, and genotypic factors influencing HDP were analyzed during a nutrigenetic trial in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016-2020). Pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (n = 70) were randomly assigned to a traditional or DASH diet group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured during prenatal visits and HDP were diagnosed using international criteria. Phenotypic data were obtained from medical records and personal interviews. Genotyping for FTO and ADRB2 polymorphisms used RT-PCR. Linear mixed-effect models and time-to-event analyses were performed. The variables with significant effect on the risk for progression to HDP were: black skin color (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 8.63, p = 0.01), preeclampsia in previous pregnancy (aHR 11.66, p < 0.01), SBP ≥ 114 mmHg in the third trimester (aHR 5.56, p 0.04), DBP ≥ 70 mmHg in the first trimester (aHR 70.15, p = 0.03), mean blood pressure > 100 mmHg (aHR 18.42, p = 0.03), and HbA1c ≥ 6.41% in the third trimester (aHR 4.76, p = 0.03). Dietetic and genotypic features had no significant effect on the outcome, although there was limited statistical power to test both.

Hematological disorders in preterm newborns born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) has been related to impaired fetal growth, possibly by affecting hematopoiesis. This study aimed to analyze the most frequent hematological alterations in preterm infants born to mothers with PIH. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in newborns born to mothers with PIH. We reviewed 130 hemograms of preterm infants: 45 from mothers with PIH, 71 with preeclampsia, and 14 with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Normality, cytosis conditions, or cytopenia values were adjusted for gestational ages. Differences between groups were analyzed with classical and Bayesian statistics (BF01 = null/alternative hypothesis ratio). RESULTS: Anemia was found in only 1.2% of newborns. In the white blood cell count, the most frequent finding was lymphopenia (56.2%) and monocytosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). Thrombocytopenia was found in 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No significant differences were observed among PIH groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hematological alterations of newborns born to mothers with PIH are frequent and do not show a distinct pattern related to the severity of the affection in the mother. We recommend a full hematological evaluation in these preterm neonates.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (EHE) se ha relacionado con alteraciones en el crecimiento fetal, posiblemente porque afecta la hematopoyesis. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las alteraciones hematológicas más frecuentes en los recién nacidos prematuros hijos de madres con EHE. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en recién nacidos de madres con EHE. Se revisaron los hemogramas de 130 neonatos prematuros: 45 madres con hipertensión gestacional, 71 con pre-eclampsia y 14 con síndrome de HELLP (hemólisis, enzimas hepáticas elevadas y bajo recuento de plaquetas). Las cifras de normalidad, condiciones de citosis o citopenia fueron ajustadas a las edades gestacionales. Las diferencias entre los grupos se analizaron con estadística clásica y bayesiana (FB01= relación hipótesis nula/alterna). RESULTADOS: Se encontró anemia en solo el 1.2% de los recién nacidos. En la serie blanca el hallazgo más frecuente fue la linfopenia (56.2%) y monocitosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). La plaquetopenia se encontró en el 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de EHE. CONCLUSIONES: Las alteraciones hematológicas en recién nacidos de madres con EHE son frecuentes sin mostrar un patrón distinto con relación a la gravedad del padecimiento de la madre. Aun así, es recomendable la valoración hematológica en estos neonatos.

Hematological disorders in preterm newborns born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension / Alteraciones hematológicas en recién nacidos pretérmino de madres con enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo

Abstract Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) has been related to impaired fetal growth, possibly by affecting hematopoiesis. This study aimed to analyze the most frequent hematological alterations in preterm infants born to mothers with PIH. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in newborns born to mothers with PIH. We reviewed 130 hemograms of preterm infants: 45 from mothers with PIH, 71 with preeclampsia, and 14 with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Normality, cytosis conditions, or cytopenia values were adjusted for gestational ages. Differences between groups were analyzed with classical and Bayesian statistics (BF01 = null/alternative hypothesis ratio). Results: Anemia was found in only 1.2% of newborns. In the white blood cell count, the most frequent finding was lymphopenia (56.2%) and monocytosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). Thrombocytopenia was found in 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No significant differences were observed among PIH groups. Conclusions: Hematological alterations of newborns born to mothers with PIH are frequent and do not show a distinct pattern related to the severity of the affection in the mother. We recommend a full hematological evaluation in these preterm neonates.

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad hipertensiva del embarazo (EHE) se ha relacionado con alteraciones en el crecimiento fetal, posiblemente porque afecta la hematopoyesis. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las alteraciones hematológicas más frecuentes en los recién nacidos prematuros hijos de madres con EHE. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en recién nacidos de madres con EHE. Se revisaron los hemogramas de 130 neonatos prematuros: 45 madres con hipertensión gestacional, 71 con pre-eclampsia y 14 con síndrome de HELLP (hemólisis, enzimas hepáticas elevadas y bajo recuento de plaquetas). Las cifras de normalidad, condiciones de citosis o citopenia fueron ajustadas a las edades gestacionales. Las diferencias entre los grupos se analizaron con estadística clásica y bayesiana (FB01= relación hipótesis nula/alterna). Resultados: Se encontró anemia en solo el 1.2% de los recién nacidos. En la serie blanca el hallazgo más frecuente fue la linfopenia (56.2%) y monocitosis (38.5%) (p = 0.6, FB01 = 249 y p = 0.81, FB01 = 19.9). La plaquetopenia se encontró en el 12.5% (p = 0.56, FB01 = 67). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de EHE. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones hematológicas en recién nacidos de madres con EHE son frecuentes sin mostrar un patrón distinto con relación a la gravedad del padecimiento de la madre. Aun así, es recomendable la valoración hematológica en estos neonatos.

Maternal Mercury Exposure and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review / Exposição materna a mercúrio e distúrbios hipertensivos na gestação: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective The present review aimed to synthesize the evidence regarding mercury (Hg) exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Data Sources The PubMed, BVS/LILACS, SciELO and UFRJ's Pantheon Digital Library databases were systematically searched through June 2021. Study Selection Observational analytical articles, written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, without time restriction. Data Collection We followed the PICOS strategy, and the methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Data Synthesis We retrieved 77 articles, of which 6 met the review criteria. They comprised 4,848 participants, of which 809 (16.7%) had HDP and 4,724 (97.4%) were environmentally exposed to Hg (fish consumption and dental amalgam). Mercury biomarkers evaluated were blood (four studies) and urine (two studies). Two studies found a positive association between Hg and HDP in the group with more exposure, and the other four did not present it. The quality assessment revealed three satisfactory and three good-rated studies (mean: 19.3 ± 1.6 out 28 points). The absence or no proper adjustment for negative confounding factor, such as fish consumption, was observed in five studies. Conclusion We retrieved only six studies, although Hg is a widespread toxic metal and pregnancy is a period of heightened susceptibility to environmental threats and cardiovascular risk. Overall, our review showed mixed results, with two studies reporting a positive association in the group with more exposure. However, due to the importance of the subject, additional studies are needed to elucidate the effects of Hg on HDP, with particular attention to adjusting negative confounding.

Resumo Objetivo A presente revisão busca sintetizar as evidências em relação à exposição ao mercúrio (Hg) e os distúrbios hipertensivos da gestação (DHG). Fontes Dos Dados Os bancos de dados PubMed, BVS/LILACS, SciELO e a Biblioteca Digital da UFRJ Pantheon foram sistematicamente pesquisadas durante junho de 2021. Seleção de estudos Artigos observacionais analíticos, escritos em inglês, espanhol ou português, sem restrição temporal. Coleta de Dados A estratégia PICOS foi seguida e a qualidade metodológica foi avaliada usando o checklist Downs and Black. Síntese de dados Foram encontrados 77 artigos, dos quais 6 atenderam aos critérios da revisão. Foram 4.848 participantes, dos quais 80 (16,7%) tinham DHG e 4.724 (97,4%) estavam expostos ambientalmente ao Hg (consumo de peixe e amálgama dental). Os biomarcadores de mercúrio avaliados foram sangue (quatro estudos) e urina (dois estudos). Dois estudos encontraram associação positiva entre Hg e DHG no grupo com maior exposição e os outros quatro não a apresentaram. A avaliação de qualidade metodológica revelou 3 estudos satisfatórios e 3 bons (média: 19,3 ± 1,6 em 28 pontos). A ausência ou não de ajuste adequado para fator de confusão negativo, como consumo de pescado, foi observada em cinco estudos. Conclusão Recuperamos apenas seis estudos, embora o Hg seja um metal tóxico generalizado e a gravidez seja um período de maior suscetibilidade a ameaças ambientais e risco cardiovascular. No geral, nossa revisão mostrou resultados mistos, com dois estudos relatando associação positiva no grupo com maior exposição. No entanto, devido à importância do assunto, estudos adicionais são necessários para elucidar os efeitos do Hg sobre DHG, com atenção especial ao ajuste de confundimento negativo.

Caso clínico de ruptura hepática asociada con Síndrome de Hellp

Introducción: La ruptura de un hematoma subcapsular hepático resulta una rara complicación asociada con trastornos hipertensivos severos del embarazo como la preeclampsia, eclampsia y el Síndrome de Hellp. Objetivo: destacar la relevancia como causa de muerte de la ruptura hepática en el contexto del síndrome de Hellp, a través de un caso clínico. Presentación del caso: Se presenta a una paciente de 33 años, que cursa la semana 39 de gestación, la que acude al Servicio de Emergencias refiriendo dolor abdominal en hipogastrio de 8 horas de evolución, además de náuseas y malestar general. Embarazo de 41 semanas, óbito fetal, preeclamsia con signos de gravedad, Síndrome de Hellp tipo I y ruptura hepática grado IV. La sintomatología se exacerbó y provocó una evolución desfavorable. La observación y posteriores hallazgos diagnósticos motivaron la decisión de resolución quirúrgica. Conclusiones: La identificación temprana de los factores de riesgo durante la gestación es un factor clave en la prevención de enfermedades y sus posibles complicaciones.

Introduction: The rupture of a hepatic subcapsular hematoma is a rare complication associated with severe hypertensive disorders during pregnancy such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, and Hellp Syndrome. Objective: to highlight the relevance of hepatic rupture as a cause of death associated with Hellp Syndrome through the presentation of a clinical case. Case presentation: A 33-year-old patient who is in the 39th week of gestation is presented in this clinical case. The patient goes to the Emergency Service reporting abdominal pain in hypogastrium of 8 hours of evolution, nausea and malaise. She is in her 41st week of gestation and presents fetal death, signs of severe preeclampsia, type I Hellp Syndrome, and grade IV hepatic rupture. The symptomatology was exacerbated and caused an unfavorable evolution. Observation and subsequent diagnostic findings motivated the decision to proceed with surgery. Conclusions: The early identification of risk factors during pregnancy is a key factor in the prevention of diseases and their possible complications.

Effects of aerobic, strength, and combined training during pregnancy in the blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gestational hypertension can lead to fetal complications, and, if untreated, high blood pressure during pregnancy may cause eclampsia and even death in the mother and fetus. Exercise is a strategy for preventing blood pressure disorders. There is little knowledge about the physiological impacts of different physical types of training on blood pressure during pregnancy. For that, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of different physical exercise modalities (i.e., aerobic training-AT, strength training-ST, and combined training-AT + ST) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of pregnant women. A search was performed on PUBMED, LILACS, CINAHL, Sport discus, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify researchers. From 3,450 studies, 20 and 19 were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. AT studies presented a medium effect size (ES) on SBP [-0.29 (-2.95 to 2.36) p = 0.83], with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 64%), and had a large impact on DBP [-1.34 (-2.98 to 0.30) p = 0.11], with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 30%). ST researchers showed a large ES on SBP [-1.09 (-3.66 to 1.49) p = 0.41], with a reduced heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), and a medium ES on DBP [-0.26 (-2.77 to 2.19) p = 0.83] with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 38%). AT + ST studies had a large ES on SBP [-1.69 (-3.88 to 0.49) p = 0.13] and DBP [-01.29 (-2.26 to 0.31) p = 0.01] with considerable (I2 = 83%) and moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 47%), respectively. These findings are essential for developing new research protocols to avoid gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. AT + ST had a large impact on the SBP and DBP reduction; however, there is a need for more similar procedures to reduce heterogeneity between studies, promoting consensual results. Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42021256509].

Cuidado do enfermeiro às mulheres com síndromes hipertensivas na gestação em maternidade / Nursing care for women with hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy in a maternity hospital

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como produto o desenvolvimento um protocolo institucional denominado "Protocolo de cuidado do enfermeiro às mulheres com Síndromes Hipertensivas na Gestação em maternidade". Dessa forma, teve como objetivo construir um protocolo de cuidado do enfermeiro às mulheres com Síndromes Hipertensivas na Gestação em maternidade de um hospital universitário. Como delineamento metodológico, utilizou-se a Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial proposta por Trentini e Paim, com abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nos setores Centro Obstétrico; Pronto Atendimento; Alojamento Conjunto de um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 31 enfermeiros assistenciais e gestores da maternidade, lotados em um dos setores de atendimento às mulheres, com no mínimo três meses de atuação. Foram excluídos os enfermeiros que não responderam ao questionário no prazo de 20 dias após envio, que estavam afastados por licenças e os que não participaram de pelo menos uma das quatro oficinas realizadas. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de agosto a novembro de 2021, por meio de um formulário online e quatro oficinas remotas síncronas, norteadas por um roteiro com questões envolvendo o cuidado de enfermagem às mulheres com SHG, e embasadas no processo denominado Quatro Erres, que se divide em quatro fases: concepção, instrumentação, perscrutação e análise. A análise de dados ocorreu mediante análise temática proposta por Bardin com auxílio do software Webqda. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da maternidade local mediante parecer 4.588.214. A partir da análise dos dados coletados a partir das oficinas emergiram duas categorias: necessidade de protocolo para nortear o processo de cuidado; e o cuidado do enfermeiro à mulher com Síndromes Hipertensivas na gestação. Foi possível evidenciar que os enfermeiros demonstram conhecimento atualizado e buscam realizar seu cuidado com competência às mulheres com SHG e voltado para a integralidade; estão em constante busca de evidências; e sentem a necessidade de mais autonomia dentro do seu contexto de atuação na maternidade. Como considerações finais pode-se pontuar que este estudo proporcionou a construção de um protocolo de cuidado que não existia na instituição e que levou em consideração a realidade da instituição, as competências e fragilidades percebidas pelos enfermeiros da maternidade, o que contribui para sua utilização de forma efetiva. A tecnologia desenvolvida pode contribuir na melhoria e uniformização de condutas pelos enfermeiros e não somente em um setor, mas sim em diversos ambientes da maternidade no que diz respeito ao atendimento às mulheres com síndromes hipertensivas, para que assim, o melhor cuidado baseado em evidências seja oferecido e padronizado dentro da instituição, proporcionando segurança para as pacientes e com perspectivas de melhores desfechos obstétricos.

Abstract: This work had as a product the development of an institutional protocol called "Nurse care protocol for women with Hypertensive Syndromes in Pregnancy in maternity ward". In this way, it aimed to build a protocol of nursing care for women with Hypertensive Syndromes in Pregnancy in a maternity hospital of a university hospital. As a methodological design, the Convergent Assistance Research proposed by Trentini and Paim was used, with a qualitative approach. The research was developed in the sectors Obstetric Center; Emergency Service; Rooming-in at a University Hospital in Southern Brazil. Thirty-one care nurses and maternity managers participated in the research, assigned to one of the women's care sectors, with at least three months of experience. Nurses who did not respond to the questionnaire within 20 days of sending it, who were on leave, and those who did not participate in at least one of the four workshops held were excluded. Data collection took place from August to November 2021, through an online form and four synchronous remote workshops, guided by a script with questions involving nursing care for women with SHG, and based on the process called Quatro Erres, which is divided into four phases: design, instrumentation, scrutiny, and analysis. Data analysis took place through thematic analysis proposed by Bardin with the help of Webqda software. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the local maternity hospital under opinion 4,588,214. From the analysis of the data collected from the workshops, two categories emerged: need for a protocol to guide the care process; and the nurse's care for women with Hypertensive Syndromes during pregnancy. It was possible to show that nurses demonstrate up-to-date knowledge and seek to perform their care with competence for women with SHG and focused on integrality; they are in constant search of evidence; and feel the need for more autonomy within their context of work in maternity. As final considerations, it can be noted that this study provided the construction of a care protocol that did not exist in the institution and that consider the reality of the institution, the competencies and weaknesses perceived by the maternity nurses, which contributes to their use effectively. The technology developed can contribute to the improvement and standardization of conduct by nurses and not only in one sector, but in different maternity environments about the care of women with hypertensive syndromes, so that the best evidence-based care is provided offered and standardized within the institution, providing safety for patients and prospects for better obstetric outcomes.

Epidemiological characteristics of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in a high-risk population / Características epidemiológicas de los trastornos hipertensivos durante el embarazo en una población de alto riesgo

Abstract Objectives: the aim is to determine the prevalence of hypertensive disorders and to describe the sociodemographic aspects and risk factors for preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Maternal characteristics, history from the first prenatal visit and outcomes were obtained. The prevalence and percentages were calculated and described. Results: the prevalence of hypertensive disorders was 12.7%, preeclampsia was 8.0%, followed by gestational hypertension at 4.7%. Of the preeclampsia, 54.8% were severe and 11.9% were of early onset. Moreover, 56.5% of the severe preeclampsia had preterm deliveries. IUGR had a prevalence of 5.3%. Based on maternal history, the most relevant risk factors were a family and personal history of preeclampsia and IUGR. Conclusions: we found a considerable prevalence of preeclampsia with a high percentage of preterm deliveries, associated with varying severity. This data helps health professionals to be aware of the risk factors that can be followed up for preventing complications. The determination of the risk of developing a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy is fundamental to encouraging proper counseling and care for these women through gestation.

Resumen Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de trastornos hipertensivos y describir los aspectos sociodemográficos y los factores de riesgo de preeclampsia, hipertensión gestacional y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU). Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se obtuvieron características maternas, antecedentes del primer control prenatal y los resultados obstétricos. Se calcularon y describieron las prevalencias y porcentajes. Resultados: la prevalencia de trastornos hipertensivos fue del 12.7%, la de la preeclampsia fue del 8.0%, seguida de la hipertensión gestacional con el 4.7%. Del total de gestantes con preeclampsia, el 54.8% fueron graves y el 11.9% fue de inicio temprano. Además, el 56.5% de las gestantes con preeclampsia severa tuvieron partos prematuros. La RCIU tuvo una prevalencia del 5.3%. Según los antecedentes maternos, los factores de riesgo más relevantes fueron los antecedentes familiares y personales de preeclampsia y RCIU. Conclusiones: se encontró una prevalencia considerable de preeclampsia con un alto porcentaje de partos prematuros, asociada a una severidad variada. Estos datos ayudan a los profesionales de la salud a conocer los factores de riesgo que se pueden monitorear para prevenir complicaciones. La determinación del riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno hipertensivo durante el embarazo es fundamental para fomentar el asesoramiento y la atención adecuados para estas mujeres durante la gestación.

O papel da enfermagem nas síndromes hipertensivas da gravidez: Revisão integrativa / El papel de la enfermería en los síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo: Una revisión integradora / The role of nursing in pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders: Integrative review

Objetivo: identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o papel da enfermagem na assistência as gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas na gestação. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa baseada na estratégia PICO, realizada com 13 artigos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, MEDLINE. Os critérios de inclusão consideraram artigos disponíveis na íntegra e publicados entre 2009 a junho de 2021. Resultados: Para análise, os estudos foram divididos em 3 categorias: 1. O conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre as síndromes hipertensivas na gestação; 2. Os cuidados de enfermagem à gestante com síndromes hipertensivas na gestação e seus neonatos; 3. A sistematização da assistência em enfermagem no cuidado as síndromes hipertensivas na gestação. Conclusão: Os estudos analisados demonstram as interfaces e desafios da enfermagem no cuidado às gestantes com síndromes hipertensivas na gestação, apontando o papel primordial da enfermagem na atenção à saúde da gestante.(AU)

Objective: to identify the evidence available in the literature on the role of nursing in assisting pregnant women with hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy. Method: This is an integrative review based on the PICO strategy, carried out with 13 articles indexed in the LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, MEDLINE databases. Inclusion criteria considered articles available in full and published between 2009 and June 2021. Results: For analysis, the studies were divided into 3 categories: 1. Nursing professionals' knowledge about hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy; 2. Nursing care for pregnant women with hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy and their newborns; 3. The systematization of nursing care in the care of hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy. Conclusion: The analyzed studies demonstrate the interfaces and challenges of nursing in the care of pregnant women with hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy, pointing out the primordial role of nursing in the health care of pregnant women.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el papel de la enfermería en la asistencia a las gestantes con síndromes hipertensivos durante el embarazo. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora basada en la estrategia PICO, realizada con 13 artículos indexados en las bases de datos LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, MEDLINE. Los criterios de inclusión consideraron artículos disponibles en su totalidad y publicados entre 2009 y junio de 2021. Resultados: Para el análisis, los estudios fueron divididos en 3 categorías: 1. Conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre los síndromes hipertensivos durante el embarazo; 2. Atención de enfermería a las gestantes con síndromes hipertensivos durante el embarazo y sus recién nacidos; 3. La sistematización de los cuidados de enfermería en la atención de los síndromes hipertensivos durante el embarazo. Conclusión: Los estudios analizados demuestran las interfaces y desafíos de la enfermería en el cuidado de la gestante con síndromes hipertensivos durante el embarazo, señalando el papel primordial de la enfermería en el cuidado de la salud de la gestante.(AU)

Total Th1/Th2 cytokines profile from peripheral blood lymphocytes in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia syndrome.

To evaluate total Th1/Th2 cytokines in CD3+ cells (immunocompetent T-lymphocytes) and peripheral blood lymphocytes, mostly CD4+ (T helper cells) and CD8+ (T-cytotoxic cells) subpopulations in preeclampsia. Total blood leukocytes and lymphocytes counts, percent cells: CD3+, INF-g+/CD3+, IL-4+/CD3+, and IL-10+/CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ were determined by flow-cytometry. Preeclampsia (n= 26) and normal pregnancy (n= 25) participants were age and gestational age matched. CD4+ lymphocytes count was higher in preeclampsia, compared with normal pregnancy (43.6 ± 5.8 vs 37.6 ± 5.6%; P< 0.001). CD3+ cells Th1/Th2 shift was not detected in preeclampsia, yet may be present in other cell types, such as CD4+ and CD3 - lymphocytes.

Fatores de risco e elementos primitivos no desenvolvimento de síndromes hipertensivas no pré-natal: revisão integrativa / Risk factors and primitive elements in the development of hypertensive syndromes in prenatal care: integrative review / Factores de riesgo y elementos primitivos en el desarrollo de síndromes hipertensivos en la atención prenatal: revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco e elementos primitivos associados às síndromes hipertensivas nas gestantes no pré-natal. Método: revisão integrativa nas bases: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WoS, CINAHL, BDENF e LILACS no período de setembro a outubro de 2020. Para a extração dos dados utilizou-se a ferramenta Poronto. Resultados: incluíram-se 47 estudos, nos quais foram identificados 30 conceitos primitivos inter-relacionados que alertam para as necessidades das gestantes. As investigações permitiram identificar idade de 18 a 50 anos, raça negra, vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, baixa escolaridade e o baixo peso ao nascer como fatores de risco sensíveis de identificação na atenção primária. Conclusão: a literatura apresenta fatores pertinentes quanto ao desenvolvimento da síndrome hipertensiva permitindo clarificar os elementos primitivos e fatores de risco. Além do mais, subsidia o cuidado e aponta para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que desenvolvam instrumentos voltados ao público estudado.

Objective: to identify the risk factors and primitive elements associated with hypertensive syndromes in pregnant women during prenatal care. Method: integrative review in the databases: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WoS, CINAHL, BDENF and LILACS from September to October 2020. The Poronto tool was used to extract the data. Results: 47 studies were included, in which 30 interrelated primitive concepts were identified that alert to the needs of pregnant women. The investigations allowed the identification of age from 18 to 50 years, black race, socioeconomic vulnerability, low schooling and low birth weight as sensitive risk factors for identification in primary care. Conclusion: the literature presents relevant factors regarding the development of hypertensive syndrome allowing clarifying the primitive elements and risk factors. Moreover, it subsidizes care and points to the development of research that develops instruments aimed at the studied public.

Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo y elementos primitivos asociados a los síndromes hipertensivos en gestantes durante la atención prenatal. Método: revisión integradora en las bases de datos: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WoS, CINAHL, BDENF y LILACS de septiembre a octubre de 2020. Se utilizó la herramienta Poronto para extraer los datos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 47 estudios, en los que se identificaron 30 conceptos primitivos interrelacionados que alertan a las necesidades de las gestantes. Las investigaciones permitieron identificar la edad de 18 a 50 años, la raza negra, la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, la baja escolaridad y el bajo peso al nacer como factores de riesgo sensibles para la identificación en atención primaria. Conclusión: la literatura presenta factores relevantes respecto al desarrollo del síndrome hipertensivo permitiendo aclarar los elementos primitivos y factores de riesgo. Además, subvenciona la atención y apunta al desarrollo de investigación que desarrolle instrumentos dirigidos al público estudiado.

Knowledge, attitude and practice about hypertensive gestational syndrome among pregnant women: a randomized clinical trial / Conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre el síndrome hipertensivo gestacional entre mujeres embarazadas: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Conhecimento, atitude e prática sobre síndrome hipertensiva gestacional entre gestantes: ensaio clínico randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice about Gestational Hypertensive Syndrome among pregnant women, after an educational intervention. Method: a controlled, randomized and longitudinal clinical trial, related to the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice survey on Gestational Hypertensive Syndrome complications, carried out with 120 pregnant women at a public maternity hospital in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Data collection was performed at three moments and the pregnant women were separated into two groups with 60 participants each. For quantitative comparisons, the Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney's test were applied. To study qualitative associations, the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were employed. Results: adequate assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice was identified in the intervention group, on the seventh and thirtieth days after the intervention (p<0.05), with an increased chance of adequate knowledge on the seventh (Odds Ratio=6.63 - Confidence Interval: 3.5-12.55) and on the thirtieth (Odds Ratio=6.25 - Confidence Interval: 3.13-12.50) days. In this group, the attitude was adequate on the seventh (Odds Ratio=6.11 - Confidence Interval: 3.28-11.39) and on the thirtieth (Odds Ratio=6.44 - Confidence Interval: 3.49-11.89) days. The practice was also adequate on the seventh (Odds Ratio=3.73 - Confidence Interval: 2.21-6.28) and on the thirtieth (Odds Ratio=4.91 - Confidence Interval: 2.90-8.32) days. Conclusion: the pregnant women who participated in the educational intervention presented more adequacy in relation to knowledge, attitude and practice, when compared to those in the control group. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, REBEC) RBR-8wyp8j

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento, la actitud y la práctica sobre el Síndrome Hipertensivo Gestacional entre mujeres embarazadas, después de una intervención educativa. Método: ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado y longitudinal, relacionado con la encuesta de Conocimiento, Actitud y Práctica sobre complicaciones del Síndrome Hipertensivo Gestacional, realizado con 120 mujeres embarazadas en una maternidad pública de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en tres momentos y se separó a las mujeres embarazadas en dos grupos de 60 participantes cada uno. Para las comparaciones cuantitativas, se aplicó la prueba t de Student o la de Mann-Whitney. Para estudiar las asociaciones cualitativas, se empleó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: se identificó una evaluación adecuada del conocimiento, la actitud y la práctica en el grupo intervención, a los siete y treinta días posteriores a las intervenciones (p<0,05), con un incremento en la probabilidad de conocimiento adecuado al día siete (Odds Ratio=6,63 - Intervalo de Confianza: 3,5-12,55) y al día treinta (Odds Ratio=6,25 - Intervalo de Confianza: 3,13 - 12,50). En este grupo, la actitud fue adecuada al día siete (Odds Ratio=6,11 - Intervalo de Confianza: 3,28 -11,39) y al día treinta (Odds Ratio=6,44 - Intervalo de Confianza: 3,49-11,89). La práctica también resultó adecuada al día siete (Odds Ratio=3,73 - Intervalo de Confianza: 2,21-6,28) y al día treinta (Odds Ratio=4,91 - Intervalo de Confianza: 2,90-8,32). Conclusión: las mujeres embarazadas que participaron en la intervención educativa presentaron más adecuación en relación con el conocimiento, la actitud y la práctica, en comparación las participantes del grupo control. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (REBEC) RBR-8wyp8j

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar conhecimento, atitude e prática sobre Síndrome Hipertensiva Gestacional entre gestantes, após intervenção educativa. Método: ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e longitudinal, relacionado ao inquérito Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática sobre complicações da Síndrome Hipertensiva Gestacional, realizado em maternidade pública de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil, com 120 gestantes. A coleta de dados foi realizada em três momentos e as gestantes separadas em dois grupos com 60 participantes cada. Para comparações quantitativas, aplicou-se o teste t de Student ou Mann-Whitney. Para estudar associações qualitativas, empregou-se o teste Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Resultados: identificou-se avaliação adequada do conhecimento, da atitude e prática no grupo intervenção, no sétimo e trigésimo dia pós-intervenção (p<0,05), com aumento de chance para o conhecimento adequado no sétimo (Odds Ratio=6,63 - Intervalo de Confiança: 3,5-12,55) e no trigésimo dia (Odds Ratio=6,25 - Intervalo de Confiança: 3,13 - 12,50). Neste grupo, a atitude foi adequada no sétimo (Odds Ratio= 6,11 - Intervalo de Confiança: 3,28-11,39) e no trigésimo dia (Odds Ratio=6,44 - Intervalo de Confiança: 3,49-11,89). Prática também adequada no sétimo (Odds Ratio=3,73 - Intervalo de Confiança: 2,21-6,28) e trigésimo dia (Odds Ratio=4,91 - Intervalo de Confiança: 2,90-8,32). Conclusão: as gestantes que participaram da intervenção educativa apresentaram mais adequabilidade em relação ao conhecimento, à atitude e prática, quando comparadas às participantes do grupo controle. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (REBEC) RBR-8wyp8j

Soluble Endoglin and Uterine Artery Flow Doppler Ultrasonography as Markers of Progression to Preeclampsia in Women with Gestational Hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational hypertension (GH) pregnancies are at a high risk of developing adverse outcomes, including progression to preeclampsia. Prediction of GH-related adverse outcomes is challenging because there are no available clinical tests that may predict their occurrence. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the clinical usefulness of the soluble endoglin (sEng) and parameters of uterine artery flow (UtAF) measured by Doppler ultrasonography as markers of progression to preeclampsia in women with GH. SETTING: Mexico City, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 77 singleton pregnant women with GH in a nested case-control study. Cases were women who progressed to preeclampsia (n = 36), and controls were those who did not (n = 41). Serum sEng and UtAF measurements were performed at enrollment. The main outcomes measured were progression to preeclampsia and occurrence of preterm delivery (PD) <37 and <34 weeks of gestation, small for gestational age infant (SGA), and fetal growth restriction (FGR). RESULTS: Women with sEng values in the highest tertile had higher risk of progression to preeclampsia, preterm delivery <34 weeks of gestation, and fetal growth restriction, odds ratios (ORs) ≥3.7. Patients with abnormal UtAF Dopp-ler-pulsatility index had higher risk of progression to preeclampsia, preterm delivery <34 weeks of gestation, small for gestational age infant, and fetal growth restriction (ORs ≥3.3). The presence of notch was associated with higher risk of progression to preeclampsia, preterm delivery <37 and <34 weeks of gestation, SGA infant, and fetal growth restriction (ORs ≥2.9). However, logistic regression analysis revealed that only serum sEng was a significant and independent risk factor for progression of GH to preeclampsia, preterm delivery <34 weeks of gestation, and fetal growth restriction (ORs ≥3.1). CONCLUSIONS: In GH pregnancies, UtAF Doppler ultrasonography is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes and progression to preeclampsia. However, serum sEng concentration appears to be a better predictor to assess the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes and progression to preeclampsia.

Coping with stress and personality: A study in pregnancies complicated by hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to investigate the role of personality in pregnancies complicated by hypertension, thru analysis of structure and associations between negative affect and coping strategies, and their role towards psychological distress. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 343 women, where 192 pregnancies complicated by hypertension, was carried out by employing the following tools: the five-factor model (Big Five), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Jalowiec's Coping Inventory. Two complementary strategies were carried out: an exploratory approach on the interactions between latent variables and a confirmatory technique. RESULTS: Coping strategies seem to be dissociated in the hypertensive group, and these participants tend to use strategies according to their personality, mostly emotion focused, extraversion, and neuroticism. The extraversion model exclusively shows an acceptable goodness-of-fit after a structural equation modelling. A multigroup analysis reached a full metric invariance level for extraversion. CONCLUSIONS: These results are of interest for both clinical and research settings. Prenatal screening and associated interventions may reduce perinatal negative affective states and related pregnancy complications.

Resultados maternos y neonatales en mujeres con trastornos hipertensivos en embarazos lejos del término / Maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with hypertensive disorders during very preterm pregnancies / Resultados maternos e neonatais em mulheres com síndromes hipertensivas em gravidez longe do termo

ntroducción: el impacto social que generan los trastornos hipertensivos trae repercusiones para la mujer en gestación y los sistemas de salud. Objetivo: describir los resultados maternos y neonatales en mujeres con trastornos hipertensivos de la gestación en embarazos lejos del término en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo exploratorio de tipo retrospectivo. La población estuvo conformada por 90 mujeres con trastornos hipertensivos en embarazos lejos del término (de 26 a 32 semanas de gestación). La información se analizó con el subprograma VALIDATE y el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 23; para el análisis multivariado y univariado se usó el modelo de correspondencias múltiples. Resultados: la preeclampsia fue el trastorno hipertensivo de la gestación de mayor proporción en la muestra de estudio. La mayoría de las mujeres convivían en unión libre, tenían estudios de bachillerato completo y pertenecían al régimen subsidiado. La edad de las gestantes osciló entre 14 y 42 años. La paridad se encontraba entre 1 y 9 hijos; el 75 % de ellas tenían pobres controles prenatales y se encontraban en el tercer trimestre del embarazo. Los resultados maternos muestran que el 64,8 % requirió UCI obstétrica, con una estancia entre 2 y 8 días. Los resultados neonatales evidencian que el 80,2 % de los recién nacidos requirieron UCIN y el 47,3 % fueron pequeños para la edad gestacional, y presentaron prematurez extrema como principal complicación neonatal, seguido del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria. Conclusiones:los desenlaces maternos y neonatales en embarazos lejos del término que cursan con un trastorno hipertensivo se encuentran asociados a altas tasas de morbilidad materna y neonatal

AbstractIntroduction: The social impact of hypertensive disorders has repercussions for pregnant women and health systems. Objective: To describe maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with hypertensive disorders during very preterm pregnancies in the department of Córdoba, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective, exploratory, descriptive study was conducted. The population consisted of 90 women with hypertensive disorders in very preterm pregnancies (26 to 32 weeks of pregnancy). Data were analyzed using VALIDATE subprogram and SPSS software Version 23. For univariate and bivariate analysis, multiple correspondence analysis was performed. Results: Preeclampsia was the most common hypertensive disorder in the study sample. Most of the women were cohabiting, had completed high school, and were registered on the subsidized type of affiliation to the health system. The ages of the pregnant women ranged from 14 to 42 years. Parity was between 1 and 9 offspring; 75% of the women had poor prenatal check-ups and were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal outcomes show that 64.8% required obstetric admissions to ICU, with a length of stay between 2 and 8 days. Neonatal results show that 80.2% of newborns required admission to NICU, and 47.3% were small for gestational age, and extreme prematurity was their main neonatal complication followed by respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusions: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of very preterm pregnancies with hypertensive disorders are associated with high maternal and neonatal morbidity rates.

ResumoIntrodução: o impacto social gerado pelas síndromes hipertensivas repercute nas mulheres gravidas e nos sistemas de saúde. Objetivo: descrever os resultados maternos e neonatais em mulheres com síndromes hipertensivas em gravidez longe do termo no departamento de Córdoba, Colômbia. Métodos: estudo descritivo exploratório retrospectivo. A população consistiu de 90 mulheres com síndromes hipertensivas em gestações longe do termo (de 26 a 32 semanas de gestação). As informações foram analisadas com o subprograma VALIDATE e o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 23; para a análise multivariada e univariada foi utilizado o modelo de correspondência múltipla. Resultados: a pré-eclâmpsia foi a síndrome da gravidez com maior proporção na amostra do estudo. A maioria das mulheres vivia em união livre, tinha ensino médio completo e pertencia ao regime subsidiado. A idade das gestantes variou de 14 a 42 anos. A paridade foi entre 1 e 9 filhos; 75% delas tinham controles pré-natais ruins e estavam no terceiro trimestre de gravidez. Os resultados maternos mostram que 64,8% necessitaram de UTI obstétrica, com permanência entre 2 e 8 dias. Os resultados neonatais mostram que 80,2% dos recém-nascidos necessitaram de UTIN e 47,3% eram pequenos para a idade gestacional, apresentando prematuridade extrema como principal complicação neonatal, seguida da síndrome de angústia respiratória. Conclusões: os resultados maternos e neonatais em gestações longe do termo com síndromes hipertensivas estão associados a altas taxas de morbidade materna e neonatal.

Níveis pressóricos e fatores associados em gestantes do Estudo MINA-Brasil / Blood pressure levels and associated factors among pregnant women of the MINA-Brazil Study

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os fatores associados aos níveis pressóricos em gestantes participantes do Estudo MINA-Brasil, inscritas no pré-natal da Estratégia de Saúde da Família em Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. Modelos múltiplos de regressão linear foram utilizados, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. A maioria das gestantes participantes tinha média de idade de 24 anos (DP 6,3), 44,0% eram primigestas e 59,1% das gestantes apresentaram ganho de peso gestacional semanal excessivo. A ocorrência de hipertensão arterial foi de 0,7%. Os fatores associados positivamente aos níveis de pressão arterial sistólica foram: índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional (β = 0,984, IC95%: 0,768-1,200) e ganho de peso gestacional semanal (β = 6,816, IC95%: 3,368-10,264). Para os níveis de pressão arterial diastólica foram positivamente associados idade da gestante (β = 0,111, IC95%: 0,002-0,221), escolaridade (β = 2,194, IC95%: 0,779-3,609), índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional (β = 0,589, IC95%: 0,427-0,751) e ganho de peso gestacional semanal (β = 3,066, IC95%: 0,483-5,650). Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de maior atenção pré-natal no cuidado materno para prevenção de distúrbios hipertensivos no final da gravidez.

Abstract The scope of this study was to investigate the factors associated with blood pressure levels among pregnant women participating in the MINA-Brazil Study, registered in the Family Health Strategy in Cruzeiro do Sul in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Multiple linear regression models were used, adopting a level of significance of 5%. The majority of pregnant participants were less than 24 years of age, 44% were primigravidae, and 59.1% had excessive weekly gestational weight gain. The frequency of hypertension was 0.7%. Factors positively associated with systolic blood pressure levels in pregnancy were pre-pregnancy body mass index (β = 0.984, CI95%: 0.768-1.200), and weekly gestational weight gain (β = 6.816, CI95%: 3.368-10.264). Diastolic blood pressure levels in pregnancy were positively associated with maternal age (β = 0.111, CI95%: 0.002-0.221), maternal schooling (β = 2.194, CI95%: 0.779-3.609), pre-pregnancy body mass index (β = 0.589, CI95%: 0.427-0.751), and weekly gestational weight gain (β = 3.066, CI95%: 0.483-5.650). These findings stress the importance of the role of antenatal care to prevent hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension, preterm birth, and cord blood adipokine levels.

Maternal hypertension may alter physiological parameters, dysregulating the release of hormones such as adipokines, thus influencing the fetal growth course. This study investigated whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy alter cord blood adipokine levels and correlate these with anthropometric parameters in preterm infants. This is a prospective cohort study with pregnant women < 37-week gestation with and without hypertension and their offspring. Cord blood leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin were analyzed by LUMINEX®. These adipokines were compared between the groups exposed or not to gestational hypertension using non-parametric statistical tests. The hypertensive pregnancies had significantly higher cord blood leptin (1.00 (IQR 0.67-1.20 ng/mL)) and adiponectin (18.52 (IQR 17.52-25.13 µg/mL)) levels than those without hypertension (0.07 (IQR 0.06-0.08 ng/mL) and 8.13 (IQR 6.50-8.68 µg/mL), respectively, p < 0.0001). The adipokine levels were higher in AGA and SGA infants in the exposed group for both moderate and late preterm. SGA had significantly higher ghrelin levels than the AGA infants. Ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with birth weight (r = - 0.613, p < 0.001), birth length (r = - 0.510, p < 0.001), head circumference (- 0.346, p < 0.002), and gestational age (r = - 0.612, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate an increase in adipokine levels in the cord blood of preterm newborn infants exposed to maternal hypertension. What is Known: • Clinical evidence suggests that concentration of the serum adipokines may be affected by risk of hypertension in both adults and pregnant women. • Maternal profile as hypertension alters intrauterine environment and could affect the function of fetal metabolism, impairing fetal growth. What is New: • Gestational hypertension modifies the adipokine profile, with higher rates already present at birth in cord blood samples. • Within the hypertensive group and stratifying for gestation age, ghrelin concentrations were higher in SGA newborns, both in the moderate and late preterm, compared with AGA newborns.

Epidemiology of artherial hypertension in pregnants / Epidemiologia da hipertensão arterial em gestantes

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the epidemiological data of hypertension in pregnant women, as well as to identify its possible associated events. Methods Data collection was performed at the high-risk prenatal outpatient clinic and in the maternity ward at a public hospital in the São Paulo city, during the morning and afternoon periods, from October 2015 to July 2016. A questionnaire with 22 questions prepared by the researchers was used. The margin of error was 5% and the confidence level was 95%. For the calculation, the two-proportion equality, Pearson correlation and ANOVA tests were used. Results Among the interviewees, 43% had chronic hypertension, 33.3% presented with up to 20 weeks of gestation, 23.7% presented after the 20th week of gestation, 62.3% were between 18 and 35 years of age, 78.1% had a family history of hypertension, and among those aged 36 to 45 years, 11.4% were in the first gestation, and 26.3% in the second gestation. Considering the associated conditions, diabetes prevailed with 50%; obesity with 22.2%, and the most selected foods for consumption among pregnant women, 47.5% had high energy content (processed/ultraprocessed). Conclusion After an epidemiological analysis of the prevalence of hypertension, pregnant women with chronic hypertension, preexisting hypertension diagnosed during pregnancy, and hypertensive disease of pregnancy were identified. Regarding the possible factors associated with arterial hypertension, higher age, family history of hypertension, preexistence of hypertension, late pregnancies, diabetes, obesity and frequent consumption of processed/ultraprocessed foods were found.

RESUMO Objetivo Pesquisar os dados epidemiológicos da hipertensão arterial em gestantes, bem como identificar seus possíveis eventos associados. Métodos A coleta de dados foi realizada no ambulatório do pré-natal de alto risco e na enfermaria da maternidade em hospital público da cidade de São Paulo, nos períodos matutino e vespertino, de outubro de 2015 a julho de 2016. Foi aplicado um questionário com 22 perguntas elaborado pelos pesquisadores. A margem de erro foi de 5% e o nível de confiança, de 95%. Para o cálculo, foram usados o teste de igualdade de duas proporções, a correlação de Pearson e o teste de ANOVA. Resultados Dentre as entrevistadas, 43% tinham hipertensão crônica, 33,3% se apresentaram com até 20 semanas de gestação, 23,7% se apresentaram após a 20ª semana da gestação, 62,3% tinham idade entre 18 e 35 anos, 78,1% tinham antecedente familiar com hipertensão arterial, 11,4% com idade entre 36 a 45 anos estavam na primeira gestação, e 26,3% com a mesma idade estavam a partir da segunda gestação. Dentre as afecções associadas, prevaleceu o diabetes com 50%; 22,2% se tratavam de obesidade, e dos alimentos mais escolhidos para consumo entre as gestantes, 47,5% possuíam alto teor energético (processados/ultraprocessados). Conclusão Após análise epidemiológica no resultado da prevalência da hipertensão arterial, foram encontradas gestantes com hipertensão arterial crônica, hipertensão arterial preexistente descoberta durante a gestação e doença hipertensiva específica da gestação. Em relação aos possíveis fatores associados à hipertensão arterial, foram encontrados: idade mais elevada, antecedentes familiares de hipertensão, preexistência de hipertensão, gestações tardias, diabetes, obesidade e frequente consumo de alimentos processados/ultraprocessados.

Desfechos perinatais de gestantes com pré-eclampsia grave: estudo transversal / Resultados perinatales de mujeres embarazadas con preeclampsia severa: estudio transversal / Perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia: cross-sectional study

OBJETIVOS: Investigar os desfechos perinatais de gestantes com diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia grave. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal desenvolvido em uma maternidade-escola, com amostra de 157 fetos/neonatos de gestantes com diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia grave. Para análise dos dados foram calculados os valores de estatísticas descritiva com uso do SPSS 21.0. RESULTADOS: Em 22,3% dos casos a gestação evoluiu com diagnóstico de restrição de crescimento intra-uterino. O óbito fetal teve incidência de 7,6%. Dos neonatos, 48% nasceram com idade inferior a 37 semanas e mais da metade (56,7%) foram classificados como de baixo peso. O índice de APGAR no primeiro e quinto minutos foram compatíveis com anóxia moderada. 20,4% dos recém-nascidos necessitaram de reanimação e 18,5% foram admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. CONCLUSÕES: A pré-eclâmpsia repercutiu com a presença da restrição de crescimento intrauterino, óbito fetal, prematuridade, baixo peso, necessidade de reanimação neonatal e admissão na unidade de cuidados intensivos.

OBJETIVOS: Investigar los resultados perinatales de mujeres embarazadas diagnosticadas con preeclampsia severa. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal realizado en un hospital de maternidad escolar, con una muestra de 157 fetos/neonatos de mujeres embarazadas diagnosticadas con preeclampsia severa. Para el análisis de datos, los valores estadísticos descriptivos se calcularon utilizando SPSS 21.0. RESULTADOS: en el 22,3% de los casos, el embarazo evolucionó con un diagnóstico de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. La muerte fetal tuvo una incidencia del 7,6%. De los recién nacidos, el 48% nacieron menores de 37 semanas y más de la mitad (56,7%) se clasificaron como de bajo peso. El índice APGAR en el primer y quinto minutos fueron compatibles con anoxia moderada. El 20,4% de los recién nacidos requirió reanimación y el 18,5% ingresó en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. CONCLUSIONES: la preeclampsia tuvo repercusiones con la presencia de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, muerte fetal, prematuridad, bajo peso, necesidad de reanimación neonatal y admisión a la unidad de cuidados intensivos.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with severe pre-eclampsia. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in a maternity school, with a sample of 157 fetuses/neonates of pregnant women diagnosed with severe pre-eclampsia. For data analysis, the values of descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: In 22.3% of cases, pregnancy evolved with a diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction. There was an 7.6% incidence of fetal death. Among the neonates, 48% were born younger than 37 weeks and more than half (56.7%) were classified as underweight. The APGAR index in the first and fifth minutes were compatible with moderate anoxia. 20.4% of newborns required resuscitation and 18.5% were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-eclampsia had repercussions with the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death, prematurity, low weight, need for neonatal resuscitation and admission to the intensive care unit.