Exploring the effect of sedentary behavior on increased adiposity in middle-aged adults.

BACKGROUND: Sedentary behavior is linked to excess fat mass; however, this association may be inconclusive due to potential measurement errors in self-reported sedentary behavior. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between changes in sedentary behavior and fat mass in a Cohort of Health Workers (HWCS) from 2004 to 2010. METHODS: A total of 1,285 adults participating in the Cohort of Health Workers were evaluated in 2004 and 2010. Fat mass (kg) was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. A self-administered questionnaire was used to estimate the sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior was also estimated using accelerometry in a sample of 142 health workers. Accelerometry data were used to correct self-reported sedentary behavior using a generalized linear model, which included values for sleeping time, age, sex, sedentary behavior, glucose, and triglycerides. Concordance between both methods was assessed using a kappa and Bland-Altman analysis. Once sedentary behavior was corrected, the values were used to evaluate the association between changes in sedentary behavior and body fat mass using a fixed effect model in the cohort, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Self-reported sedentary behavior was 2.8 ± 1.8 and 2.3 ± 1.6 h/day, and body fat mass was 24.9 ± 8.1 and 26.8 ± 8.5 kg in 2004 and 2010, respectively. After applying the correction model, the self-reported sedentary behavior was 7.6 ± 1.2 and 7.5 ± 1.2 h/day in 2004 and 2010, respectively. For every hour increase in corrected sedentary behavior, there was an observed increase of 0.847 (p > 0.001) kg in body fat mass during the 6.8 years in the Cohort of Health Workers from 2004 to 2010. Conversely, non-corrected self-reported sedentary behavior was associated with a non-significant reduction of 0.097 kg (p = 0.228) for every hour of sedentary behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Increased sedentary behavior was associated with increased body fat mass when corrected self-reported sedentary behavior was used. Implementing public health strategies to reduce sedentary behavior is imperative.

Validación de contenido de un cuestionario para explorar actitudes y prácticas de odontólogos no especialistas en periodoncia

Objetivo: Validar el contenido de un cuestionario de auto-reporte en español para explorar actitudes, prácticas y barreras de odontólogos no especialistas en periodoncia frente al diagnóstico y tratamiento de problemas periodontales y criterios para derivar. Materiales y métodos: Seis especialistas en periodoncia de cinco países latinoamericanos construyeron versión#1 de un cuestionario. 21 expertos de tres áreas disciplinares de 6 países valoraron de 1 a 5 (1: totalmente en desacuerdo, 5: totalmente de acuerdo) cada ítem en su pertinencia, relevancia, claridad y coherencia. Según grado de acuerdo se reformuló cada ítem y se construyó versión#2 que fue piloteada en 60 odontólogos no especialistas en periodoncia, 3 de ellos fueron entrevistados para evaluar la comprensión y semántica. Luego del análisis se elaboró la versión final (versión#3). Resultados: Los ítems formulados de versión#1 tuvieron una valoración promedio de 4,6 (rango 3.7-5). Fueron reformulados evitando palabras confusas y que tuvieran aceptación transversal en países participantes, se eliminó ítem con menor puntuación de acuerdo de expertos. La aplicación de versión#2 tuvo un tiempo de respuesta de 12 minutos, se reformularon opciones y agregaron 4 ítems para obtener la versión final con 44 preguntas. Conclusiones: Se construyó un cuestionario de auto-reporte con validez de contenido para evaluar actitudes y prácticas en salud-enfermedad periodontal en odontólogos generales o no especialistas en periodoncia de habla hispana.

Aim: T o validate the content of a self-report questionnaire in Spanish to explore attitudes, practices and barriers of dentists non-specialized in periodontics when facing the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal problems and criteria for referral. Materials and methods: Six specialists in periodontics from five Latin American countries constructed version#1 of a questionnaire. Twenty-one experts from 3 disciplinary areas from 6 countries rated each item from 1 to 5 (1: totally disagree, 5: totally agree) regarding its appropriateness, relevance, clarity, and coherence. According to the degree of agreement, the item was reformulated, and version #2 was built, which was tested on 60 dentists non-specialized in periodontics. Then, 3 of them were interviewed to assess comprehension and semantics. After analysis, the final version was prepared (version#3). Results: The items formulated in version#1 had an average score of 4.6 (range 3.7-5). Questions and options were reformulated, avoiding confusing words and having transversal acceptance in the participating countries. The items with the lowest degree of expert agreement were eliminated. The application of version#2 had a response time of 12 minutes, options were reformulated, and 4 items were added to obtain the final version with 44 questions. Conclusions: A self-report questionnaire with content validity was constructed to assess attitudes and practices in periodontal health and disease in Spanish-speaking general dentists or non-specialists in periodontics.

Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 faceted Brief Form in a Brazilian Community Sample.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to verify the psychometric qualities of the PID-5-FBF in a community sample of Brazilian adults. The internal consistency of the facets and the internal structure of the dimensions were checked. In addition, we verified the correlations between the PID-5-FBF facets and domains with a five-factor model measure. METHODS: The sample of this study consists of the 774 Brazilian adults aged 18 to 73 years (mean 28.9±11.58) who answered the PID-5-FBF and BFI-2S. RESULTS: The alpha values were adequate. The internal structure was similar to the PID-5 original form. All the factors and dimensions of the PID-5-FBF have a negative association with agreeableness, while, on the other hand, all correlations with neuroticism were positive. Neuroticism was the factor with the highest correlation with the PID-5-FBF, and openness was the one with the lowest number of correlations. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to adding evidence of validity to the PID-5-FBF in the Brazilian community sample. Our results are important because it is the first study with the PID-FBF in a Brazilian sample.

Masticatory function and mortality among older adults living in long-term care facilities in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between mortality and masticatory function in older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), controlling for demographic and health covariates. BACKGROUND: Poor oral health has been associated with mortality; however, no previous study investigated whether objective and self-reported poor masticatory function is a predictor of early mortality in LTCFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline characteristics of 295 participants were collected, including age, sex, polypharmacy, mobility, activities of daily living, frailty, nutritional status, and objective (masticatory performance - chewing gum) and self-reported masticatory function. The participants were followed-up with for 4 years to record the mortality data. Cox regression models were run to analyse the data (α = .05). RESULTS: During the 4-year follow-up, 124 (42.0%) participants died. Older adults with poor masticatory performance (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.07-2.36) and those who self-reported masticatory dysfunction (HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01-2.16) were at higher risk of early death than those with good mastication. However, in a multivariate model including both objective and self-reported masticatory function, only the objective measurement remained associated with early death (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.02-2.27). CONCLUSION: Poor masticatory performance seems to be associated with early death in older adults living in LTCFs, but they may have shared risk factors accumulated throughout life that were not covered by the study period.

Network analysis of sleep bruxism in the EPISONO adult general population.

Sleep bruxism (SB) has been associated with biological and psychosocial factors. The assessment of SB includes self-report, clinical evaluation, and polysomnography. This study aimed to investigate the associations of self-reported SB with other sleep disorders and demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors in the adult general population, and to investigate whether self-reported SB and polysomnographically (PSG) confirmed SB provide similar outcomes in terms of their associated factors. We recruited 915 adults from the general population in Sao Paulo, Brazil. All participants underwent a one-night PSG recording and answered questions about sex, age, BMI, insomnia, OSA risk, anxiety, depression, average caffeine consumption, smoking frequency, and alcohol consumption frequency. We investigated the link between SB and the other variables in univariate, multivariate, and network models, and we repeated each model once with self-reported SB and once with PSG-confirmed SB. Self-reported SB was only significantly associated with sex (p = 0.042), anxiety (p = 0.002), and depression (p = 0.03) in the univariate analysis, and was associated with insomnia in the univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate (ß = 1.054, 95%CI 1.018-1.092, p = 0.003) analyses. Network analysis showed that self-reported SB had a direct positive edge to insomnia, while PSG-confirmed SB was not significantly associated with any of the other variables. Thus, sleep bruxism was positively associated with insomnia only when self-reported, while PSG-confirmed SB was not associated with any of the included factors.

ACE-IQ extended version validation and ACE's frequency in Mexican adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) may have short, middle, and long-term consequences on people's development and physical and mental health. There is a need for information on this subject in low- and middle-income countries and a need to reduce recall bias in ACEs research worldwide. OBJECTIVE: Hence our objectives were to translate, adapt and validate the Adverse Childhood Experiences extended version and to determine ACEs frequencies in a sample of Mexican adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A convenience sample of 5835 schooled Mexican adolescents (age: M = 16.13, SD = 1.32; 61.01 % females) from 20 states in Mexico completed a survey. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with an extended version of the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), which assesses 23 ACEs organized into five categories: situations that cause household dysfunction, exposure to violence, violence from parents or guardians, interpersonal violence, and sociodemographic context. RESULTS: Evidence of construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained, and 16 ACEs were included in the final ACE-IQ version. 90 % of adolescents had one or more ACEs. Neglect was the most experienced ACE reported by 73.30 % of the participants, with no significant difference by age, sex, or geographic region. CONCLUSION: ACE-IQ questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to recommend its use for generating information on ACEs in studies on Mexican adolescents. The results on the frequency of ACEs revealed that 90 % of this schooled Mexican adolescent sample had experienced one or more ACEs, and about a third had experienced six or more.

Factors associated with halitosis reported by parents/caregivers in individuals with Down syndrome.

AIMS: Data on halitosis among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are scarce. The aim was to evaluate factors associated with the occurrence of halitosis reported by parents/caregivers (P/Cs) in individuals with DS. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in non-governmental assistance institutions in the State of Minas Gerais-Brazil. P/Cs have answered an electronic questionnaire with sociodemographic, behavioral and oral health data. Factors associated with halitosis were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression. The sample comprised 227 P/Cs (age 48.8 ± 13.2 years; 82.9% mothers) of individuals with DS (age 20.8 ± 13.5 years). The prevalence of halitosis in the total sample was 34.4% (n = 78) and its occurrence was associated: 1) in individuals with DS ≤18 years old (26.2%; n = 27)-negative perception of oral health (OR = 3.91); 2) in individuals with DS > 18 years (41.1%; n = 51)-gingival bleeding (OR = 4.53), absence of tongue brushing (OR = 4.50), negative perception of oral health (OR = 2.72). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of halitosis in individuals with DS reported by P/Cs was relevant and associated with dental factors, having a negative impact on the perception of oral health. Oral hygiene practices, especially tongue brushing, should be reinforced to prevent and control halitosis.

Reliability and validity of remote Life Space Assessment: LSA in persons with chronic stroke / Confiabilidade e validade da escala Life Space Assessment aplicada remotamente: LSA em pacientes com AVC crônico

Abstract Background StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) is used to measure the mobility of chronic hemiparetic patients and the Life Space Assessment (LSA) scale was developed to assess the displacement of hemiparetic patients in different contexts through self-reporting. Studies that apply the LSA remotely and correlate it with the number of steps measured by the SAM were not found. Objective To evaluate the measurement properties of the LSA applied remotely and to evaluate the correlation between the LSA scale score and the number of steps measured by the SAM in post-stroke chronic hemiparetic patients. Methods Nineteen patients participated in the study. The LSA scale was applied remotely and later, face to face. The SAM measured the steps taken by the participants over a period of three consecutive days. The correlation between the LSA and the SAM was performed using Pearson's correlation. The measurement properties calculated of remote LSA were the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbrach's alpha, standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest real difference (SRD). Results The reproducibility of the LSA scale between remote and face-to-face applications was considered excellent with ICC = 0.85 (IC 95% 0.62-0.94); SEM = 8.4; SRD = 23.2, and Cronbach's alpha = 0.85. The correlation between SAM and LSA was positive, considered moderate (r = 0.51) and significant (p = 0.025). Conclusion The LSA is a reproducible measure for post-stroke chronic hemiparetic patients even if applied remotely and can be used as a remote measurement for mobility in a real-world environment for people with chronic hemiparesis after stroke.

Resumo Antecedentes O StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) é utilizado para medir a mobilidade de pacientes hemiparéticos crônicos e a escala Life Space Assessment (LSA) avalia o deslocamento de pacientes hemiparéticos em diferentes contextos por meio de autorrelato. Não foram encontrados estudos que tenham aplicado a LSA remotamente nem que a correlacionam com o número de passos mensurados pelo SAM. Objetivo Avaliar as propriedades de medida da LSA aplicada remotamente e avaliar a correlação entre o escore da escala LSA e o número de passos mensurados pelo SAM em pacientes com hemiparesia crônica pós-AVC. Métodos Dezenove participantes responderam a LSA remotamente e, posteriormente, presencialmente. O SAM mediu os passos dados pelos participantes durante um período de três dias consecutivos. A correlação entre a LSA e o SAM foi realizada por meio da correlação de Pearson. As propriedades de medida calculadas da LSA aplicada remotamente foram o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC), alfa de Cronbrach, erro do padrão de medida (SEM) e menor diferença real (SRD). Resultados A reprodutibilidade da escala LSA entre as aplicações remotas e presenciais foi considerada excelente com ICC = 0,85 (IC 95% 0,62-0,94); SEM = 8,4; SRD = 23,2 e alfa de Cronbrach = 0,85. A correlação entre SAM e a LSA foi positiva, considerada moderada (r = 0,51) e significativa (p= 0,025). Conclusão A LSA é uma medida reprodutível para pacientes hemiparéticos crônicos pós-AVC mesmo se aplicada remotamente e pode ser usada como uma medida remota de mobilidade em ambiente real para pessoas com hemiparesia crônica após AVC.

Validation of the Brazilian version of the Short Inventory of Grazing (SIG)

Abstract Objective Grazing is a disturbed eating pattern that has been associated with eating disorders and obesity. One of the new measures to investigate this eating behavior is the Short Inventory of Grazing (SIG), a two-item questionnaire that assesses grazing in general and grazing associated with the feeling of loss of control over eating (LOC grazing). However, the psychometric properties of the SIG have not been assessed in the Brazilian population. The present study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate a Brazilian version of the SIG. Methods The SIG was adapted to the Brazilian context following international guidelines. Then, 90 undergraduate students completed an online survey including questions from the SIG, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD7), and a question related to self-reported health status. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity of the questionnaire were assessed. Results The prevalence rates of at least one weekly episode of grazing in general and LOC grazing were 71.1 and 54.5%, respectively. The internal consistence of the SIG was acceptable (0.81). In addition, SIG scores on both items were positively and significantly associated with BES, GAD7, and PHQ9 scores, and with poorer self-rated health. However, SIG test and retest scores differed significantly. Conclusion Overall, the Brazilian version of the SIG demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. The instrument had adequate internal consistency, with both items exhibiting good convergent validity with related measures.

Autopercepção sobre habilidades auditivas e acadêmicas de adultos / Auditory and academic skills self-perception in adults

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever e analisar queixas auditivas e acadêmicas de universitários e funcionários de uma universidade pública federal. Métodos O estudo foi realizado por amostra não-probabilística. A Escala de Autopercepção de Habilidades do Processamento Auditivo Central com adaptações foi utilizada para cumprir os objetivos da pesquisa. Esta possui 14 questões sobre queixas relacionadas às habilidades auditivas e 12 relacionadas ao ambiente acadêmico. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados por meio da distribuição de frequência das variáveis categóricas e, para as análises de associação, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados Participaram da pesquisa 646 indivíduos com faixa etária entre 17 e 67 anos. As queixas mais prevalentes foram: dificuldade acadêmica relacionada à memória, concentração e planejamento, ouvir e compreender a fala no ruído, e memorização de tarefas que foram apenas ouvidas. Houve associação com significância estatística bidirecional entre as queixas acadêmicas e auditivas. Conclusão Foi possível observar que há associação entre queixas auditivas e acadêmicas em adultos, marcada pela relação de aspectos cognitivos com aspectos auditivos. É relevante que esses fatores sejam considerados ao realizar avaliações do Processamento Auditivo Central, ao se intervir em pacientes com queixas auditivas, e na vida estudantil.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and analyze auditory and academic complaints of students and employees of a federal public university. Methods The study was carried out using a non-probabilistic. The EAPAC Scale with adaptations was used to fulfill the research objectives. It has 14 questions about complaints related to listening skills and 12 questions related to the academic environment. Descriptive data analysis was performed through the frequency distribution of categorical variables and Pearson's chi-square test was used for association analyses. Results 646 individuals aged between 17 and 67 years old participated in the research. The most prevalent complaints were academic difficulty related to memory, concentration, and planning, hearing and understanding speech in noise, and memorization of tasks that were only heard. There was an association with bidirectional statistical significance between academic and auditory complaints. Conclusion It was possible to observe that there is an association between auditory and academic complaints in adults, marked by the relationship between cognitive and auditory aspects. It is relevant that these factors are considered when performing assessments of Central Auditory Processing when intervening in patients with auditory complaints, and in student life.

Normative Values for the Spanish Version of the Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS)

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish normative values for the Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS) in the Spanish community population (without voice problems), using a sample from a large area of southeastern Spain. Method: The sample consisted of 115 adults from ages 16 to 87, 60 of whom were women and 55 were men. Participants included the family members of patients who attended the Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and Speech Therapy Clinic at a referral hospital in the region of Murcia, Spain, and some of the clinic's staff. All the participants reported never having suffered from any voice disorder before. Results: The normative values obtained in this study for the VoiSS were 14.61 (SD=8.18) for the total score, 7.57 (SD = 5.42) for the Impairment subscale, 1.04 (SD = 1.65) for the Emotional subscale, and 5.99 (SD = 3.61) for the Physical subscale. The percentile values were also obtained for the VoiSS scale and for its three subscales. Conclusions: This study presents normative values for the VoiSS scale that have not previously been obtained in Spain. These values can be used as a reference to detect possible voice disorders.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer valores normativos para la escala Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS) en población comunitaria española (sin problemas de voz), utilizando una muestra de un área extensa del sureste de España. Metodología: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 115 personas (60 mujeres y 55 hombres) con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 87 años. Los participantes eran familiares que acompañaron a los pacientes a las sesiones clínicas de ORL y de Logopedia de un hospital de referencia de la Región de Murcia, así como personal del hospital. Todos declararon no padecer ningún trastorno de la voz. Resultados: Los valores normativos obtenidos en este estudio para el VoiSS fueron 14.61 (SD=8.18) para la puntuación total, 7.57 (SD = 5.42) para la subescala Limitación, 1.04 (SD = 1.65) para la subescala Emocional y 5.99 (SD = 3.61) para la subescala Física. Los valores percentílicos se obtuvieron también para la escala VoiSS y para sus tres subescalas. Conclusiones: Este estudio presenta valores normativos para la escala VoiSS que no han sido todavía obtenidos en España. Estos valores pueden utilizarse como referencia para detectar posibles trastornos de voz.

Diseño y validación de una escala de soporte social para adolescentes / Design and validation of a social support scale for adolescents

Introducción: el soporte social es de gran importancia en la adolescencia; aquellos adolescentes con mayor soporte tienen mejores estrategias de salud. Existen pocos instrumentos para evaluar el soporte social en todas sus dimensiones y las fuentes de éste, ninguno ha sido validado en español. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de un nuevo instrumento para identificar el soporte social y la fuente de este soporte en adolescentes. Material y métodos: la escala de soporte social para adolescentes (ESSA) consiste en un cuestionario de autoaplicación de 22 ítems, con cinco opciones de respuesta tipo Likert que van de nunca a siempre, con seis subescalas: familia, mejor amigo, compañeros de clase, profesores, otras relaciones, y salud general y oral. Los datos de la ESSA se recogieron de estudiantes de secundaria (N = 191; edad media 16.1 ± 1.2 años). Los análisis psicométricos incluyeron análisis factorial de ejes principales, consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) y correlaciones de la escala con la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (MSPSS) y la Escala de Depresión 20 del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CESD20) (correlaciones de Spearman, p). Resultados: el análisis factorial de ejes principales mostró que la escala explica el 72.23% de la variabilidad. La escala completa mostró una consistencia interna adecuada, con un alfa de Cronbach = 0.92 [0.90-0.93]. En cuanto a la validez discriminativa, la correlación con las puntuaciones de la escala CES-D20 fue ρ = -0.32, la escala mostró una fuerte correlación con las puntuaciones MSPSS (p = 0.81). Los resultados fueron estables en la repetibilidad (ICC = 0.93). Conclusiones: la ESSA es válida y confiable. Este instrumento podría ser adecuado para una amplia gama de aplicaciones de investigación entre la población adolescente (AU)

Introduction: social support is of great importance in adolescence; those who have more support have better health strategies. There are few instruments to evaluate social support in all its dimensions and the sources of this support, and none has been validated in Spanish. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of a new instrument to identify social support and the source of this support for adolescents. Material and methods: the adolescent social support scale (ADSSS) consists of a 22-item self-report questionnaire with 5 Likert-type responses ranging from never to always and six different subscales: family, best friend, classmates, teachers, other relationships, and general and oral health. ADSSS data were collected from high school students (N = 191; mean age 16.1 years [standard deviation = 1.2]). Psychometric analyses included main axis factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and scale correlations with the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-20 (CES-D20) (Spearman correlations, p). Results: main axis factor analysis showed that the scale explained 72.23% of the variability. The entire scale showed adequate internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha = 0.92 [0.90-0.93]. For discriminative validity, the correlation with CES-D20 scores was p = -0.32, and the scale showed a strong correlation with MSPSS scores (p = 0.81). The results were stable across repeated measurements (ICC = 0.93). Conclusions: the ADSSS has good reliability and validity. This instrument could be suitable for a broad range of research applications among adolescents (AU)

Concordancia entre dos encuestas para el diagnóstico de fatiga visual digital en estudiantes de una universidad en Perú / Concordance between tow questionaries for the diagnosis of digital eye strain in students of a university in Peru

RESUMEN Objetivo: Obtener la frecuencia de fatiga visual digital (FVD) mediante dos cuestionarios entre los estudiantes de una universidad privada en Lima, Perú; para estimar el grado de concordancia entre ambos métodos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 345 participantes mayores de 18 años, estudiantes de una universidad en Lima, Perú y que completaron el instrumento de recogida de datos. Los dos métodos usados para la medición de FVD fueron el cuestionario de Hayes que define un caso positivo para FVD con un puntaje igual o mayor a 20; y el cuestionario CVS-Q de Seguí, que define como positivo para FVD con un puntaje mayor a 6. Se estimó el coeficiente kappa de Cohen con su intervalo de confianza al 95% para medir la concordancia global y por estratos. Resultados: El cuestionario de Hayes identificó a 167 (48,4%) participantes con un diagnostico presuntivo de FVD, el cuestionario de Seguí identificó a 247 (71,6%) estudiantes. En el análisis de concordancia, el coeficiente Kappa de Cohen fue 0,45 (IC95%; 0,37 - 0,53) (p < 0,01) en el análisis global, considerado como moderado. Conclusiones: El grado de concordancia entre ambos métodos fue moderado, el instrumento de Seguí identificó una mayor proporción de estudiantes universitarios con FVD.

ABSTRACT Objective: To obtain the frequency of digital visual fatigue (DVF) using two questionnaires among students of a private university in Lima, Peru; to estimate the degree of agreement between both methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 345 participants over 18 years old, students of a university in Lima, Peru and who completed the data collection instrument. The two methods used for the measurement of DVF were the Hayes questionnaire, which defines a positive case for DVF with a score equal to or greater than 20; and the Seguí CVS-Q questionnaire, which defines a positive case for DVF with a score greater than 6. The Cohen's kappa coefficient with its 95% confidence interval was estimated to measure the overall agreement and by strata. Results: The Hayes questionnaire identified 167 (48.4%) participants with a presumptive diagnosis of DVF, the Seguí questionnaire identified 247 (71.6%) students. In the concordance analysis, Cohen's Kappa coefficient was 0.45 (95%CI; 0.37 - 0.53) (p < 0.01) in the overall analysis, considered moderate. Conclusion: The degree of concordance between both methods was moderate, the Seguí instrument identified a higher proportion of university students with DVF.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep bruxism among adolescents in Brazil: A longitudinal study.

AIM: To evaluate the immediate and late impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of possible sleep bruxism (SB) among adolescents in Brazil. DESIGN: This is a longitudinal study performed with adolescents (11-15 years old) from Southern Brazil. Baseline data were collected before the Brazilian COVID-19 outbreak (T1). Posteriorly, data were collected after 3 (T2) and 15 months under the Brazilian COVID-19 outbreak. The possible SB was evaluated by the question: 'Do you grind your teeth during your sleep?'. Sociodemographic, psychosocial and clinical variables were also collected. Changes in SB were evaluated by multilevel logistic regression models for repeated measures. RESULTS: Of the 290 adolescents assessed at T1, 182 were reassessed at both follow-ups. The prevalence of possible SB was 13% at T1, 11% at T2 and 22% at T3. There were no immediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of possible SB (T2). Adolescents had odds 2.77 times greater of presented possible SB after 15 months (T3) of COVID-19 pandemic scenarios when compared to T1. CONCLUSION: There was a considerable and late increase in the possible SB in adolescents in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Reporting of blood pressure levels and self-monitoring practices: a survey among outpatients diagnosed with hypertension in Bogotá, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Routine blood pressure (BP) self-monitoring is recommended for patients already diagnosed with hypertension. How often these patients can report their BP levels is unknown, particularly in low-and-middle income countries. METHODS: We surveyed (January 2021 to May 2022) representative samples of patients with established diagnosis of hypertension from 3 health care networks (involving 74 outpatient clinics) and 2 university hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia. Trained health care professionals conducted a telephone survey including questions on demographics, medical history, and general understanding about hypertension and its potential complications. The outcome variables were the self-report of participant's BP levels (primary) and monitoring practices among participants. RESULTS: Out of 2609 consecutively contacted patients sampled from institutional records, 2323 were invited and 1566 (mean age 66.5, SD = 12.1 years, 74.4% females, 64.0% living low socio-economic strata) gave consent to participate. While 66% of participants had over 5 years of diagnosis, 39.5% had most (≥ 60%) of their follow-up visits with the same doctor. Overall, 645 (41.5%, 95%CI 39.1 -43.9) participants reported their BP levels. This proportion was independent of time from diagnosis, but higher among those of younger age, living in higher socio-economic strata, having more years of education and using more information technologies. Also, more patients reported their BP levels if seen ≥ 60% of the times by the same physician (43.4% Vs. 36.7%). Those reporting closer BP self-monitoring more often used electronic devices, received 2 + medications, and had better knowledge about hypertension. CONCLUSION: A minority of hypertensive patients seen in Bogotá were aware of their own BP levels. Those in such capacity were in a better social position, more often seen by the same doctor, knew their condition better and handled more complex treatments. Hypertensive patients from Bogotá may benefit from a more continuous medical care, patient education programs and promoting BP home monitoring.

Validity of self-reported oral conditions among Brazilian older women: Do socio-economic factors matter?

OBJECTIVE: To validate the level of agreement between self-report and clinical examination for oral conditions and evaluate the effect of sociodemographic conditions on the validity of self-report among women aged 60 and older. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a social community center for seniors in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic data (age, level of education, and income) were measured. Participants were interviewed and clinically examined for the number of teeth (DMF-T index) and the use of dental prostheses. The self-reported number of teeth in each arch and the use of dental prostheses were gathered through interviews. The level of agreement was estimated using the observed agreement, Kappa statistics, sensitivity/specificity (edentulism/prostheses) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and related tests (number of teeth). The validity of the oral conditions was estimated according to sociodemographic information. RESULTS: Ninety-nine women participated in the study. High levels of agreement were observed for edentulism (97.8%; 95%CI 92.8;99.7; Kappa 0.947) and the use of dental prostheses (97.0%; 95%CI 91.3;99.4; Kappa 0.922). In both conditions, despite achieving similar concordance correlation coefficients (ranging from weak to moderate), the mean number of upper teeth was lower in clinical examination (7.1 ± 5.2) compared with self-reported (8.6 ± 3.6), while the opposite was observed for lower teeth (clinical examination: 9.1 ± 3.4; self-reported: 6.6 ± 5.3). Larger differences were found among women of low income and educational levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the participants' socio-economic position might influence their self-reported number of teeth.

Performance in field-tests and dynamic knee valgus in soccer players psychologically ready and not ready to return to sports after ACL reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: The objective was to compare the performance in field tests, dynamic knee valgus, knee function, and kinesiophobia of soccer players who were psychologically ready and not ready to return to unrestricted training or competitions after ACL reconstruction. METHODS: Thirty-five male soccer players who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction at least 6 months were divided based on the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) questionnaire score into ready (≥60) and not-ready (<60) groups. The modified Illinois change of direction test (MICODT) and reactive agility test (RAT) were used to impose the demand for directional change and reactive decision-making. We assessed the frontal plane knee projection angle (FPKPA) during a single-leg squat and distance in crossover hop test (CHD). In addition, we assessed kinesiophobia through the shortened version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) and knee function using the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC). Independent t-tests were used to compare the groups. RESULTS: The not-ready group had lower performance on the MICODT (effect size (ES) = -1.2; p < 0.001) and RAT (ES = -1.1; p = 0.004) tests and higher FPKPA (ES = 1.5; p < 0.001). In addition, they presented lower IKDC (ES = 3.1; p < 0.001) and higher TSK-11 (ES = -3.3; p < 0.001) scores. CONCLUSIONS: Physical and psychological deficits may persist in some individuals after rehabilitation. On-field tests and dynamic knee alignment evaluation should be included in the athlete evaluation before the decision-making about clearance to sports participation, especially in athletes who perceive themselves as psychologically not ready.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validation of the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese in patients with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation was carried out in accordance with international recommendations. The FAQ was applied to a sample of 102 patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP). Construct validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho), and the FAQ score was correlated with the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) and Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS). A subsample of 50 patients was used to assess reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable difference (MDD). Ceiling and floor effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: The Brazilian version of the FAQ showed excellent test-retest reliability by the assessment of the physiotherapist (ICC = 0.99) and respondent (ICC = 0.97), as well as excellent inter-examiner reliability (ICC = 0.94). The SEM was 0.23 (physiotherapist), 0.47 (respondent) and 0.64 (inter-examiner), while the MDD was 0.64 (physiotherapist), 1.29 (respondent) and 1.76 (inter-examiner). The classification of gross motor function showed a high correlation with the FAQ applied by the physiotherapist (rho = -0.89) and by the respondent (rho = -0.87). The FMS-5 m was highly correlated with the FAQ applied by the physiotherapist and the respondent (rho = 0.88 and rho = 0.87, respectively). The FMS-50 and FMS-500 presented very high correlation with the FAQ applied by the physiotherapist (rho = 0.91 for both) and high correlation with the FAQ applied by the respondent (rho = 0.89 and rho = 0.88, respectively). The Brazilian version of the FAQ did not present the ceiling and floor effects. CONCLUSION: The FAQ presented adequate psychometric properties in patients with CP, indicating that it is possible to use it as a measure of functional gait mobility in Brazil.

Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders: adaptation to Brazil and test of a bifactor model.

OBJECTIVE: The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders (IIP-PD-47) has a controversial factor structure, as some studies have provided support for 5 correlated factors, and others have suggested the existence of a general second-order dimension. One approach of data modelling that reconciles multidimensionality and the existence of a general factor is the bifactor analysis. We used unrestricted exploratory-confirmatory bifactor modelling to validate the Brazilian version of the IIP-PD-47. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,091 subjects aged 18-64 years who answered the IIP-PD-47 and a collateral measure of pathological traits, the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). RESULTS: After testing many candidate models, our data were best represented by a bifactor model with one general factor and five specific uncorrelated factors. Nevertheless, a closer inspection of the discriminant validity of each IIP-PD-47 factor revealed strong support for the general factor and a factor capturing aggressive behaviours, but less support for the additional four specific factors. CONCLUSIONS: The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and some recommendations are offered about the need for controlling response styles when assessing PD traits via self-report inventories. Our findings indicate that the Brazilian version of IIP-PD has promising psychometric properties.

Participatory Surveillance for COVID-19 Trend Detection in Brazil: Cross-sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the necessity of a well-functioning surveillance system to detect and mitigate disease outbreaks. Traditional surveillance (TS) usually relies on health care providers and generally suffers from reporting lags that prevent immediate response plans. Participatory surveillance (PS), an innovative digital approach whereby individuals voluntarily monitor and report on their own health status via web-based surveys, has emerged in the past decade to complement traditional data collection approaches. OBJECTIVE: This study compared novel PS data on COVID-19 infection rates across 9 Brazilian cities with official TS data to examine the opportunities and challenges of using PS data, and the potential advantages of combining the 2 approaches. METHODS: The TS data for Brazil are publicly accessible on GitHub. The PS data were collected through the Brazil Sem Corona platform, a Colab platform. To gather information on an individual's health status, each participant was asked to fill out a daily questionnaire on symptoms and exposure in the Colab app. RESULTS: We found that high participation rates are key for PS data to adequately mirror TS infection rates. Where participation was high, we documented a significant trend correlation between lagged PS data and TS infection rates, suggesting that PS data could be used for early detection. In our data, forecasting models integrating both approaches increased accuracy up to 3% relative to a 14-day forecast model based exclusively on TS data. Furthermore, we showed that PS data captured a population that significantly differed from a traditional observation. CONCLUSIONS: In the traditional system, the new recorded COVID-19 cases per day are aggregated based on positive laboratory-confirmed tests. In contrast, PS data show a significant share of reports categorized as potential COVID-19 cases that are not laboratory confirmed. Quantifying the economic value of PS system implementation remains difficult. However, scarce public funds and persisting constraints to the TS system provide motivation for a PS system, making it an important avenue for future research. The decision to set up a PS system requires careful evaluation of its expected benefits, relative to the costs of setting up platforms and incentivizing engagement to increase both coverage and consistent reporting over time. The ability to compute such economic tradeoffs might be key to have PS become a more integral part of policy toolkits moving forward. These results corroborate previous studies when it comes to the benefits of an integrated and comprehensive surveillance system, and shed light on its limitations and on the need for additional research to improve future implementations of PS platforms.