Glyphosate in the production and forage quality of marandu grass / Glifosato na produção e qualidade de forragem de capim marandu

The drift of the herbicide glyphosate, used for desiccating crops or controlling weeds, can result in growth promoting or non-target plant development effects. Thus, it is possible to use the compound to increase the biomass of forage through the hormone effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal doses of glyphosate on the production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu grass) and its nutritional quality in ruminants. The design used was completely randomized, with five replications in a factorial scheme. The treatments used were as follows: control (without glyphosate application) and four sublethal doses of glyphosate (4, 10, 14, and 20 g ha-¹ of the acid equivalent). The monthly collections consisted of collecting the plant material (0.20 m) from the surface, comprising of leaves and pseudocolmos (stem and leaf sheath) to determine the dry matter production and forage chemical-bromatological parameters. The results showed that leaf/stem ratio, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were affected exclusively by the harvest factor. The hormone effect of the herbicide occurs in the production of dry matter and lignin in the evaluated subdoses. For crude protein, there was an interaction between the factor doses and harvest, due to the effect of glyphosate and the management applied to the harvests, showing that the sublethal doses of glyphosate promoted the production of dry matter and the food quality of Marandu grass.(AU)

A deriva do herbicida glifosato, usado para dessecação de culturas ou no controle de plantas daninhas, pode resultar em efeitos promotores de crescimento ou desenvolvimento de plantas não alvo. Assim, surge a possibilidade de utilização do composto para incremento da biomassa de forrageiras, por efeito hormese. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses subletais de glifosato na produção de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim Marandu) e sobre a qualidade nutricional para ruminantes. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: controle (sem aplicação de glifosato) e quatro doses subletais de glifosato (4, 10, 14 e 20 g ha-¹ do equivalente ácido). As coletas mensais consistiram do recolhimento do material vegetal a 0,20 m da superfície, compreendendo folhas e pseudocolmos (colmo e bainha foliar) para determinação da produção de matéria seca e de parâmetros químico-bromatológicos da forragem. Os resultados mostraram que relação folha/colmo, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido sofreram efeitos exclusivamente do fator corte. O efeito hormese do herbicida ocorre na produção de matéria seca e lignina nas subdoses avaliadas. Para proteína bruta houve interação entre os fatores doses e cortes, por efeito do glifosato e do manejo aplicado nos cortes, mostrando que as doses subletais do glifosato promovem a produção de matéria seca e a qualidade alimentar do capim Marandu.(AU)

Glyphosate in the production and forage quality of marandu grass / Glifosato na produção e qualidade de forragem de capim marandu

The drift of the herbicide glyphosate, used for desiccating crops or controlling weeds, can result in growth promoting or non-target plant development effects. Thus, it is possible to use the compound to increase the biomass of forage through the hormone effect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal doses of glyphosate on the production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (Marandu grass) and its nutritional quality in ruminants. The design used was completely randomized, with five replications in a factorial scheme. The treatments used were as follows: control (without glyphosate application) and four sublethal doses of glyphosate (4, 10, 14, and 20 g ha-¹ of the acid equivalent). The monthly collections consisted of collecting the plant material (0.20 m) from the surface, comprising of leaves and pseudocolmos (stem and leaf sheath) to determine the dry matter production and forage chemical-bromatological parameters. The results showed that leaf/stem ratio, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were affected exclusively by the harvest factor. The hormone effect of the herbicide occurs in the production of dry matter and lignin in the evaluated subdoses. For crude protein, there was an interaction between the factor doses and harvest, due to the effect of glyphosate and the management applied to the harvests, showing that the sublethal doses of glyphosate promoted the production of dry matter and the food quality of Marandu grass.

A deriva do herbicida glifosato, usado para dessecação de culturas ou no controle de plantas daninhas, pode resultar em efeitos promotores de crescimento ou desenvolvimento de plantas não alvo. Assim, surge a possibilidade de utilização do composto para incremento da biomassa de forrageiras, por efeito hormese. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses subletais de glifosato na produção de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim Marandu) e sobre a qualidade nutricional para ruminantes. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: controle (sem aplicação de glifosato) e quatro doses subletais de glifosato (4, 10, 14 e 20 g ha-¹ do equivalente ácido). As coletas mensais consistiram do recolhimento do material vegetal a 0,20 m da superfície, compreendendo folhas e pseudocolmos (colmo e bainha foliar) para determinação da produção de matéria seca e de parâmetros químico-bromatológicos da forragem. Os resultados mostraram que relação folha/colmo, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido sofreram efeitos exclusivamente do fator corte. O efeito hormese do herbicida ocorre na produção de matéria seca e lignina nas subdoses avaliadas. Para proteína bruta houve interação entre os fatores doses e cortes, por efeito do glifosato e do manejo aplicado nos cortes, mostrando que as doses subletais do glifosato promovem a produção de matéria seca e a qualidade alimentar do capim Marandu.

Corrigendum: Duration of Humoral and Cellular Immunity 8 Years After Administration of Reduced Doses of the 17DD-Yellow Fever Vaccine.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01211.].

Duration of Humoral and Cellular Immunity 8 Years After Administration of Reduced Doses of the 17DD-Yellow Fever Vaccine.

The present study aims to determine whether 17DD-YF-specific humoral and cellular immunological memory is maintained 8-years after primary vaccination with subdoses (10,447IU;3,013IU;587IU;158IU;31IU). For this purpose, this follow-up study was carried out in a subset of volunteers (n = 98) originally enrolled in the dose-response study in 2009 and 46 non-vaccinated controls. Our results demonstrated that vaccinees, who had seroconverted following primary vaccination and had not been revaccinated, present similar neutralizing antibodies levels and YF-specific cellular memory, particularly CMCD4 and EMCD8 as compared to the reference full dose (27,476IU). Although, PRNT seropositivity rates were similar across subgroups (94, 82, 83, 94, 80, and 91%, correspondingly), only doses above 587IU elicited similar iterative proportion of seropositivity rates, calculated as a progressive decrease on seropositivity rates along time (89, 80, 80, and 91%, respectively) as compared to 158IU and 31IU (68 and 46%, respectively). Noteworthy were the strong positive correlations ("EMCD4,EMCD8" and "TNFCD8,IFNCD8") observed in most subdoses, except for 31IU. Major similarities underscored the preserved antibody titers and the outstanding levels of EMCD8, relevant correlates of protection for YF-specific immunity. These findings provide evidences to support the regular use of dose sparing strategy for YF vaccine in adults.