Advanced enzymatic multigram-scale production of nucleotide sugars in a continuous fed-batch membrane reactor.

Enzymatic production of nucleotide sugars on a multigram scale presents a challenge, as only a few processes have been reported for large-scale nucleotide sugar production. They rely primarily on batch synthesis and employ exceptional amounts of enzymes. This study introduces a novel approach for the multigram-scale production of nucleotide sugars with a continuous fed-batch membrane reactor. We successfully synthesized five main nucleotide sugars: UDP-Gal, UDP-GalNAc, UDP-GlcA, GDP-Man, and CMP-Neu5Ac on a multigram scale. Efficient biocatalyst utilization results in high performance, including space-time yield (STY, g*L-1h-1), total turnover number (TTN, g product per g enzyme), and an efficient product formation rate (g/h) suitable for industrially relevant bioprocesses. The established continuous-fed batch reactor system produced up to 8.2 g CMP-Neu5Ac in three consecutive productions in less than 15 h with satisfying TTNs of 91 gProduct/gEnzyme. Continuous production of UDP-GlcA over 28 h resulted in a final product amount of 14.8 g and TTN of 493 gP/gE. This process enables the production of nucleotide sugars with stable product formation, requiring minimal technical equipment for multigram quantities of nucleotide sugars at the laboratory scale. Notably, the system exhibited robustness and flexibility, allowing its application to various enzymatic nucleotide sugar synthesis cascades.

The carbon isotope ratio of breath is elevated by short-term and long-term added sugar and animal protein intake in a controlled feeding study.

BACKGROUND: The breath carbon isotope ratio (CIR) was recently identified as a noninvasive candidate biomarker of short-term added sugars (AS) intake. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to better understand the potential of the breath CIR as a dietary biomarker. We evaluated the effects of short-term and long-term intakes of AS, animal protein (AP), and related variables on breath CIR, in the context of typical dietary intake patterns. METHODS: We conducted a 15-d controlled feeding study of 100 adults (age 18-70 y, 55% females) in Phoenix, AZ. Participants were provided individualized diets that approximated habitual food intakes and recorded the timing of food consumption. Three breath samples (fasting, midday, and evening) were collected on each of 3 nonconsecutive study days. We modeled the effects of dietary intake in each of 8 h preceding collection of the breath sample on breath CIR with a linear mixed model, which also included 15-d mean intakes, sex, age, and BMI. RESULTS: Median (IQR) intakes of AS and AP in our study were 65 (38) and 67 (33) g/d, respectively. Midday and evening breath CIRs correlated strongly with each other (0.80) and with fasting breath CIR (0.77 and 0.68, respectively). In our linear mixed models, breath CIR increased by AS consumed 1-4 h before sample collection, AP consumed 3-6 h before sample collection, and 15-d intakes of AS and AP, all with similar effect sizes. The breath CIR was also inversely associated with 15-d intakes of intrinsic sugars and plant protein; thus, associations with 15-d intakes were particularly strong when expressed proportionally as the AS ratio (added sugars/total sugars) and AP ratio (animal protein/total protein). CONCLUSIONS: The breath CIR is a promising measure of long-term intakes of AS and AP, especially as proportional intakes. Approaches to increase specificity would benefit the further development of this biomarker.

Is too much sugar bitter? The impacts of sugars on health.

This paper reviews the associations between sugars consumption and non-communicable diseases. Systematic reviews demonstrate associations between sugars intake and dental caries, weight gain, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Children consuming more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are 1.55 times more likely to be overweight. In adults, higher consumption of SSBs is associated with a 27% higher relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In adults, greater free sugar consumption was positively associated with total CVD (HR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-1.10), ischaemic heart disease (HR 1.06; 95%CI: 1.02,1.10), and stroke (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.17). Those consuming sugars higher than the recommended level of 10% of total energy are more likely to develop dental caries; 42 out of 50 studies involving children and 5 out of 5 in adults reported at least one positive association between sugars and caries. Reduction in sugars consumption requires a myriad of interventions to reduce supply and demand at national and global levels, fiscal policies, alongside high-quality research and promoting environments to reduce the burden of NCDs.

The relationship between dietary sugar consumption and anxiety disorders: A systematic review.

High-sugar intake is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, but less is known about its role in anxiety disorders. This systematic review aimed to systematically synthesise and assess the existing evidence regarding the association between dietary sugars intake and anxiety disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycArticles and APA PsycINFO was conducted up to 19th August 2022. Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Eleven studies (10 cross-sectional and 1 randomised controlled trial [RCT]) were included. Seven cross-sectional studies had very good quality or good quality, and the quality of the RCT was at low risk of bias. These studies examined sugar-sweetened beverages (n = 7), sugar-sweetened foods (n = 4) and/or added sugar (n = 5). The findings suggest a possible positive relationship of added sugar consumption with anxiety disorders, with age as a potential moderator in such association. No conclusions can be drawn on the associations between sugar-sweetened beverages, sugar-sweetened foods consumption and anxiety disorders. Due to the included studies being mostly cross-sectional, the conclusions drawn from the existing evidence should be interpreted with caution. The longitudinal design is warranted to investigate any causal relationship and the potential mechanisms underlying these heterogeneous results. The potential difference in effect at different ages observed in this review should be further examined.

The Effect of Allulose on the Attenuation of Glucose Release from Rice in a Static In Vitro Digestion Model.

Allulose is a rare sugar that provides <10% of the energy but 70% of the sweetness of sucrose. Allulose has been shown to attenuate glycemic responses to carbohydrate-containing foods in vivo. This study aimed to determine the optimal allulose dose for minimizing in vitro glucose release from rice compared to a rice control and fructose. A triphasic static in vitro digestion method was used to evaluate the in vitro digestion of a rice control compared to the co-digestion of rice with allulose (10 g, 20 g, and 40 g) and fructose (40 g). In vitro glucose release was affected by treatment (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001), and treatment-by-time interaction (p = 0.002). Allulose (40 g) resulted in a reduction in in vitro glucose release from rice alone and rice digested with allulose (10 g), allulose (20 g), and fructose. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for in vitro glucose release was lower after allulose (40 g) (p = 0.005) compared to rice control and allulose (10 g) but did not differ from allulose (20 g) or fructose. This study demonstrates that allulose reduces glucose release from carbohydrates, particularly at higher doses, underscoring its potential as a food ingredient with functional benefits.

Deep convolutional neural network-based 3D fluorescence sensor array for sugar identification in serum based on the oxidase-mimicking property of CuO nanoparticles.

Developing sensor arrays capturing comprehensive fluorescence (FL) spectra from a single probe is crucial for understanding sugar structures with very high similarity in biofluids. Therefore, the analysis of highly similar sugar' structures in biofluids based on the entire FL of a single nanozyme probe needs more concern, which makes the development of novel alternative approaches highly wanted for biomedical and other applications. Herein, a well-designed deep learning model with intrinsic information of 3D FL of CuO nanoparticles (NPs)' oxidase-like activity was developed to classify and predict the concentration of a group of sugars with very similar chemical structures in different media. The findings presented that the overall accuracy of the developed model in classifying the nine selected sugars was (99-100 %), which prompted us to transfer the developed model to predict the concentration of the selected sugars at a concentration range of (1-100 µM). The transferred model also gave excellent results (R2 = 97-100 %). Therefore, the model was extended to other more complex applications, namely the identification of mixtures of sugars in serum and the detection of polysaccharides in different media such as serum and lake water. Notably, LOD for fructose was determined at 4.23 nM, marking a 120-fold decrease compared to previous studies. Our developed model was also compared with other deep learning-based models, and the results have demonstrated remarkable progress. Moreover, the identification of other possible coexisting interference substances in lake water samples was considered. This work marks a significant advancement, opening avenues for the widespread application of sensor arrays integrating nanozymes and deep learning techniques in biomedical and other diverse fields.

Grassland degraded patchiness reduces microbial necromass content but increases contribution to soil organic carbon accumulation.

Plant and microbially derived carbon (C) are the two major sources of soil organic carbon (SOC), and their ratio impacts SOC composition, accumulation, stability, and turnover. The contributions of and the key factors defining the plant and microbial C in SOC with grassland patches are not well known. Here, we aim to address this issue by analyzing lignin phenols, amino sugars, glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP), enzyme activities, particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). Shrubby patches showed increased SOC and POC due to higher plant inputs, thereby stimulating plant-derived C (e.g., lignin phenol) accumulation. While degraded and exposed patches exhibited higher microbially derived C due to reduced plant input. After grassland degradation, POC content decreased faster than MAOC, and plant biomarkers (lignin phenols) declined faster than microbial biomarkers (amino sugars). As grassland degradation intensified, microbial necromass C and GRSP (gelling agents) increased their contribution to SOC formation. Grassland degradation stimulated the stabilization of microbially derived C in the form of MAOC. Further analyses revealed that microorganisms have a C and P co-limitation, stimulating the recycling of necromass, resulting in the proportion of microbial necromass C in the SOC remaining essentially stable with grassland degradation. Overall, with the grassland degradation, the relative proportion of the plant component decreases while than of the microbial component increases and existed in the form of MAOC. This is attributed to the physical protection of SOC by GRSP cementation. Therefore, different sources of SOC should be considered in evaluating SOC responses to grassland degradation, which has important implications for predicting dynamics in SOC under climate change and anthropogenic factors.

The Impact of Freeze-Dried Tenebrio molitor Larvae on the Quality, Safety Parameters, and Sensory Acceptability of Wheat Bread.

The research context involves analyzing the potential benefits derived from integrating insect protein into everyday food items. Utilizing methods consistent with established food science protocols, wheat bread was prepared with variations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% Tenebrio molitor larvae powder, derived from larvae cultivated on brewery spent grain. A substrate selected for its superior nutritional content and a substrate with agar-agar gels were used. The tests included basic bread tests; sugar, acrylamide, amino, and fatty acid (FA) tests; and sensory acceptability. The results have shown that the acrylamide levels in bread with larvae remained below harmful thresholds, suggesting that using T. molitor can be a safe alternative protein source. The incorporation of powdered T. molitor larvae (p-TMLs) into bread was observed to increase certain sugar levels, such as glucose, particularly at higher larval concentrations. The addition of T. molitor significantly raised the protein and fat levels in bread. The inclusion of larvae enriched the bread with essential amino acids, enhancing the nutritional value of the bread significantly. The FA profile of the bread was altered by the inclusion of p-TMLs, increasing the levels of monounsaturated FAs. Despite the nutritional benefits, higher concentrations of larvae decreased the sensory acceptability of the bread. This suggests that there is a balance to be found between enhancing the nutritional content and maintaining consumer appeal. These findings highlight the potential for using p-TMLs as a sustainable, nutritious ingredient in bread making, although the sensory qualities at higher concentrations might limit consumer acceptance.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Associated with the Selection of Sweetened Ultra-Processed Foods and Their Importance in Oral Health.

BACKGROUND: Reading nutritional labelling helps consumers select healthier food, thereby benefitting their oral health. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of parents and carers of children and preteens, associated with reading nutritional labelling, selecting sweetened ultra-processed foods, and their impact on oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a validated questionnaire was administered to 298 parents and caregivers of children aged 1-12 years from different districts in Villavicencio, Colombia. Participants' scores, based on the number of correct answers, were used to classify their level of KAP as low, medium, or high. In addition, the frequency of responses, the KAP levels, and the median scores were analysed. Finally, associations were determined using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Most participants reached a medium level in terms of knowledge (41.6%) and attitudes (49.3%) and a low level in terms of practices (43.3%). An association was found between participants' level of KAPs and their socioeconomic and educational level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings reveal inadequate KAPs associated with nutritional labelling, adequate food selection, and the importance of oral health.

Long-term d-allose administration ameliorates age-related cognitive impairment and loss of bone strength in male mice.

Age-related physical and cognitive decline may be ameliorated by consuming functional foods. d-Allose, reported to have multiple health benefits, may temper aging phenotypes, particularly brain function. We investigated whether d-allose supplementation improves cognitive function. A standard battery of behavioral tests was administered to 18-month-old male mice after consuming diet containing 3 % d-allose for 6 months. Following a wire-hanging test, an open-field test, Morris water maze, fear-conditioning, and an analgesia test were sequentially performed. Bone density and strength were assessed afterwards. Possible mechanism(s) under-lying memory changes in hippocampus were also examined with a DNA microarray. d-Allose failed to influence muscle strength, locomotor activity and anxiety, fear memory, or pain sensitivity. However, d-allose improved hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory, and it may contribute to increase bone strength. d-Allose also changed the expression of some genes in hippocampus involved in cognitive functions. Long-term d-allose supplementation appears to modestly change aging phenotypes and improve spatial memory.

Valorization of Algal Biomass to Produce Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Recent Updates, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Biopolymers are highly desirable alternatives to petrochemical-based plastics owing to their biodegradable nature. The production of bioplastics, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), has been widely reported using various bacterial cultures with substrates ranging from pure to biowaste-derived sugars. However, large-scale production and economic feasibility are major limiting factors. Now, using algal biomass for PHA production offers a potential solution to these challenges with a significant environmental benefit. Algae, with their unique ability to utilize carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas (GHG) and wastewater as feed for growth, can produce value-added products in the process and, thereby, play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability. The sugar recovery efficiency from algal biomass is highly variable depending on pretreatment procedures due to inherent compositional variability among their cell walls. Additionally, the yields, composition, and properties of synthesized PHA vary significantly among various microbial PHA producers from algal-derived sugars. Therefore, the microalgal biomass pretreatments and synthesis of PHA copolymers still require considerable investigation to develop an efficient commercial-scale process. This review provides an overview of the microbial potential for PHA production from algal biomass and discusses strategies to enhance PHA production and its properties, focusing on managing GHGs and promoting a sustainable future.

An Analysis of pH and Sugar Content of Commonly Prescribed Pediatric Liquid Medications: The Current Indian Scenario.

OBJECTIVES: Oral liquid medications are frequently prescribed to children because they are easier to swallow than other dosage forms. These pediatric liquid medications (PLMs) have sugars added to them for better compliance or as preservatives. Children with chronic illnesses may frequently consume these medications. The presence of sugars and their frequent exposure presents a high risk of dental caries in these children. Additionally, the critical pH can be reached if acids below a pH of 5.5 contact the tooth, causing enamel demineralization. Hence, there was a need to study the sugar content and pH of these medications. METHODS: Pediatricians and pharmacists in Vadodara city, Gujarat, India, were given a short questionnaire to assess the most prescribed and sold PLMs for analgesics, antibiotics, antiepileptics, multivitamins, and antitussives in the Indian pharmaceutical market. The sugar content and pH of the 15 most prescribed PLMs were assessed with ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry and digital pH meter, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Only 1 of the 15 most sold/prescribed medicines did not contain sugar. Among the remaining PLMs, the sugar concentration ranged from 6.1% to 78.7%. The pH of the PLM ranged from 3.6 to 7.3. CONCLUSION: Sugar was present in 93.3% of the 15 analyzed PLMs and the pH was lower than the critical pH in 80% of them. Medications with high sugar content and low pH can cause caries development. Sugar-free PLMs are preferred alternatives.

The Anticancer Activity of Monosaccharides: Perspectives and Outlooks.

A major hallmark of cancer is the reprogramming of cellular metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. To sustain high rates of glycolysis, cancer cells overexpress GLUT transporters and glycolytic enzymes, allowing for the enhanced uptake and consumption of glucose. The Warburg effect may be exploited in the treatment of cancer; certain epimers and derivatives of glucose can enter cancer cells and inhibit glycolytic enzymes, stunting metabolism and causing cell death. These include common dietary monosaccharides (ᴅ-mannose, ᴅ-galactose, ᴅ-glucosamine, ʟ-fucose), as well as some rare monosaccharides (xylitol, ᴅ-allose, ʟ-sorbose, ʟ-rhamnose). This article reviews the literature on these sugars in in vitro and in vivo models of cancer, discussing their mechanisms of cytotoxicity. In addition to this, the anticancer potential of some synthetically modified monosaccharides, such as 2-deoxy-ᴅ-glucose and its acetylated and halogenated derivatives, is reviewed. Further, this article reviews how certain monosaccharides can be used in combination with anticancer drugs to potentiate conventional chemotherapies and to help overcome chemoresistance. Finally, the limitations of administering two separate agents, a sugar and a chemotherapeutic drug, are discussed. The potential of the glycoconjugation of classical or repurposed chemotherapy drugs as a solution to these limitations is reviewed.

Exploring the Core Formose Cycle: Catalysis and Competition.

The core autocatalytic cycle of the formose reaction may be enhanced or eroded by the presence of simple molecules at life's origin. Utilizing quantum chemistry, we calculate the thermodynamics and kinetics of reactions both within the core cycle and those that deplete the reactants and intermediates, such as the Cannizzaro reaction. We find that via disproportionation of aldehydes into carboxylic acids and alcohols, the Cannizzaro reaction furnishes simple catalysts for a variety of reactions. We also find that ammonia can catalyze both in-cycle and Cannizzaro reactions while hydrogen sulfide does not; both, however, play a role in sequestering reactants and intermediates in the web of potential reactions.

The frequency and chemical phenotype of neighboring plants determine the effects of intraspecific plant diversity.

Associational effects, whereby plants influence the biotic interactions of their neighbors, are an important component of plant-insect interactions. Plant chemistry has been hypothesized to mediate these interactions. The role of chemistry in associational effects, however, has been unclear in part because the diversity of plant chemistry makes it difficult to tease apart the importance and roles of particular classes of compounds. We examined the chemical ecology of associational effects using backcross-bred plants of the Solanum pennellii introgression lines. We used eight genotypes from the introgression line system to establish 14 unique neighborhood treatments that maximized differences in acyl sugars, proteinase inhibitor, and terpene chemical diversity. We found that the chemical traits of the neighboring plant, rather than simply the number of introgression lines within a neighborhood, influenced insect abundance on focal plants. Furthermore, within-chemical class diversity had contrasting effects on herbivore and predator abundances, and depended on the frequency of neighboring plant chemotypes. Notably, we found insect mobility-flying versus crawling-played a key role in insect response to phytochemistry. We highlight that the frequency and chemical phenotype of plant neighbors underlie associational effects and suggest this may be an important mechanism in maintaining intraspecific phytochemical variation within plant populations.

Physiological, Metabolome and Gene Expression Analyses Reveal the Accumulation and Biosynthesis Pathways of Soluble Sugars and Amino Acids in Sweet Sorghum under Osmotic Stresses.

Water scarcity is a major environmental constraint on plant growth in arid regions. Soluble sugars and amino acids are essential osmolytes for plants to cope with osmotic stresses. Sweet sorghum is an important bioenergy crop and forage with strong adaptabilities to adverse environments; however, the accumulation pattern and biosynthesis basis of soluble sugars and amino acids in this species under osmotic stresses remain elusive. Here, we investigated the physiological responses of a sweet sorghum cultivar to PEG-induced osmotic stresses, analyzed differentially accumulated soluble sugars and amino acids after 20% PEG treatment using metabolome profiling, and identified key genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways of soluble sugars and amino acids using transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the growth and photosynthesis of sweet sorghum seedlings were significantly inhibited by more than 20% PEG. After PEG treatments, the leaf osmotic adjustment ability was strengthened, while the contents of major inorganic osmolytes, including K+ and NO3-, remained stable. After 20% PEG treatment, a total of 119 and 188 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified in the stems and leaves, respectively, and the accumulations of soluble sugars such as raffinose, trehalose, glucose, sucrose, and melibiose, as well as amino acids such as proline, leucine, valine, serine, and arginine were significantly increased, suggesting that these metabolites should play key roles in osmotic adjustment of sweet sorghum. The transcriptome sequencing identified 1711 and 4978 DEGs in the stems, as well as 2061 and 6596 DEGs in the leaves after 20% PEG treatment for 6 and 48 h, respectively, among which the expressions of genes involved in biosynthesis pathways of sucrose (such as SUS1, SUS2, etc.), trehalose (including TPS6), raffinose (such as RAFS2 and GOLS2, etc.), proline (such as P5CS2 and P5CR), leucine and valine (including BCAT2), and arginine (such as ASS and ASL) were significantly upregulated. These genes should be responsible for the large accumulation of soluble sugars and amino acids under osmotic stresses. This study deepens our understanding of the important roles of individual soluble sugars and amino acids in the adaptation of sweet sorghum to water scarcity.

Nutrient requirements shape the preferential habitat of Allorhizobium vitis VAR03-1, a commensal bacterium, in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana.

A diverse range of commensal bacteria inhabit the rhizosphere, influencing host plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. While root-released nutrients can define soil microbial habitats, the bacterial factors involved in plant-microbe interactions are not well characterized. In this study, we investigated the colonization patterns of two plant disease biocontrol agents, Allorhizobium vitis VAR03-1 and Pseudomonas protegens Cab57, in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana using Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium. VAR03-1 formed colonies even at a distance from the roots, preferentially in the upper part, while Cab57 colonized only the root surface. The addition of sucrose to the agar medium resulted in excessive proliferation of VAR03-1, similar to its pattern without sucrose, whereas Cab57 formed colonies only near the root surface. Overgrowth of both bacterial strains upon nutrient supplementation inhibited host growth, independent of plant immune responses. This inhibition was reduced in the VAR03-1 ΔrecA mutant, which exhibited increased biofilm formation, suggesting that some activities associated with the free-living lifestyle rather than the sessile lifestyle may be detrimental to host growth. VAR03-1 grew in liquid MS medium with sucrose alone, while Cab57 required both sucrose and organic acids. Supplementation of sugars and organic acids allowed both bacterial strains to grow near and away from Arabidopsis roots in MS agar. These results suggest that nutrient requirements for bacterial growth may determine their growth habitats in the rhizosphere, with nutrients released in root exudates potentially acting as a limiting factor in harnessing microbiota.

[Microbial production of food compounds with carbon dioxide and derived low-carbon molecules as substrates].

The construction and optimization of microbial cell factories are crucial steps and key technologies in achieving green biomanufacturing. As concern has been aroused regarding the excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and food security, a new and promising research field, microbial conversion of CO2 into food compounds, has emerged. The research in this field not only holds significant implications for achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals but also plays a role in maintaining food security. This paper provides a comprehensive review and outlook of the research on utilizing CO2 and its derived low-carbon chemicals for the production of food compounds, focusing on the production of glucose, sugar derivatives, and single-cell proteins and the development of artificial CO2 fixation pathways.

Assessment of waterlogging-induced changes in enzymatic antioxidants and carbohydrate metabolism in peanuts genotypes.

Soil flooding, manifesting as submergence or waterlogging stress, significantly impacts plant species composition and agricultural productivity, particularly in regions with low rainfall. This study investigates the biochemical responses of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes, DH-86 and GJG-32, under waterlogging stress. The experiment involved in-vivo pot trials where peanut plants were subjected to continuous waterlogging for 12 days at the flowering stage. Biochemical analyses of leaves conducted and revealed significant alterations in enzyme activities and metabolite concentrations. Key findings include variations in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD), α-amylase, invertase, acid phosphomonoesterase activities, and changes in starch, proline, reducing sugars, and chlorophyll content. SOD, CAT, and GPOD activities exhibited differential responses between genotypes, highlighting DH-86's quicker recovery post-waterlogging. Notably, DH-86 demonstrated higher resilience, reflected in its rapid normalization of biochemical parameters, while GJG-32 showed prolonged stress effects. These findings underscore the importance of antioxidative enzyme systems in mitigating oxidative damage induced by waterlogging. This study enhances our understanding of the biochemical adaptations of peanut genotypes to waterlogging stress, offering valuable insights for breeding programs focused on improving flood tolerance in crops.