Selectivity of metsulfuron applied to soybean before sowing in different intervals and soils.

This work aimed to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide metsulfuron applied at different times on the development of soybeans grown in soils with different characteristics. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a factorial scheme (4 x 4), with four replicates. Factor A was application time (0, 15, 30, and 45 days before sowing, DBS) and factor B was soil type (Erechim, Itaqui, Piratini, and Santa Maria). Soybean plants cultivated in the Erechim soil showed moderate phytotoxicity, with greater damage to the leaf area and plant dry matter, mainly after application at 30 DBS. Those cultivated in Itaqui soil showed gradual phytotoxicity between 14 and 28 days after emergence (DAE). Soybean plants grown in the Piratini and Santa Maria soils showed the highest phytotoxicity and photosynthetic reduction, mainly at 15 and 0 DBS. Metsulfuron application at 45 DBS caused reduced plant growth by up to 40%, and reduced shoot development (30%) in soybean plants grown in Piratini and Santa Maria soils, respectively. There were gradual changes in phytotoxicity and the morphophysiological traits of soybean plants exposed to the residual effect of metsulfuron in different soils, which indicates that soybeans should be sown more than 45 days after the application of metsulfuron, regardless of soil characteristics.

Impact of treatment with glibenclamide or vildagliptin on glucose variability after aerobic exercise in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

AIMS: To evaluate the glucose variability, oxidative stress, metabolic and cardiovascular responses after an aerobic exercise session in diabetic patients on treatment with metformin plus vildagliptin or glibenclamide. METHODS: Parallel clinical trial including patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin plus vildagliptin or glibenclamide for 12 weeks. Glucose variability, oxidative stress, metabolic (plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon-like-peptide-1) and cardiovascular responses were evaluated at rest, during and after a 30 min aerobic exercise session (70% of the peak heart rate). RESULTS: Thirteen patients were included, seven in vildagliptin group (METV) and six in glibenclamide group (METG), baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 8.8 ±â€¯0.3%. Treatment reduced HbA1c (1.2% and 1.5% for METV and METG, respectively). The aerobic exercise session did not change glucose variability in both groups. A decrease in glucose during exercise recovery was found, with area under the curve lower in the METG vs. METV (p = 0.04). After the intervention, systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in both groups. Patients treated with vildagliptin showed lower SBP variability compared to those treated with glibenclamide. CONCLUSIONS: Besides improvement in glucose control and reduction of SBP obtained by both treatments, lower blood pressure variability was observed in patients receiving vildagliptin. Glucose variability remained unaffected by both interventions and the exercise session.

Effectiveness of adding vildagliptin to the treatment of diabetic patients nonresponsive to the combination of metformin and a sulphonylurea / Eficácia da adição de vildagliptina ao tratamento de pacientes diabéticos não responsivos à combinação de metformina e uma sulfonilureia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of adding vildagliptin to the treatment of patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with a combination of metformin and a sulphonylurea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 37 T2DM patients with HbA1c ranging from 7.7 percent to 12.4 percent (mean of 9.30 ± 1.38), despite the use of metformin in combination with a sulphonylurea, were additionally treated with vildagliptin (100 mg/day) for at least 6 months. RESULTS: During triple oral therapy (TOT) HbA1c levels < 7 percent were achieved in 11 patients (29.7 percent), whereas levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 120 mg/dL were observed in 12 patients (32.4 percent). Both findings were observed in 10 patients (27.0 percent). Compared to nonresponsive subjects, lower mean baseline HbA1c and FPG levels were seen in responsive patients, but the difference was only statistically significant for fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Moreover, there was considerable overlap between the two groups. CONLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest that TOT with metformin, a sulphonylurea and vildagliptin may be useful for some T2DM patients nonresponsive to combination therapy with metformin and sulphonylurea.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da adição de vildagliptina ao tratamento de pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2) inadequadamente controlados com a terapia de combinação com metformina e sulfonilureia. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: 37 pacientes com DM2 e HbA1c variando entre 7,7 por cento e 12,4 por cento (média, 9,30 ± 1,38), apesar do uso de metformina associada a uma sulfonilureia, foram adicionalmente tratados com vildagliptina (100 mg/dia) durante, pelo menos, 6 meses. RESULTADOS: Durante a terapia oral tripla TOT), níveis de HbA1c < 7 por cento foram alcançados em 11 pacientes (27,9 por cento), enquanto a glicemia de jejum (GJ) < 120 mg/dL foi observada em 12 pacientes (32,4.1 por cento). Ambos os resultados foram descritos em 10 pacientes (27,0 por cento). Em comparação com indivíduos não responsivos, os pacientes responsivos tinham níveis basais mais baixos de HbA1c e GJ, mas a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa somente para glicemia de jejum. Além disso, houve grande sobre-posição entre os dois grupos. CONSLUSÃO: Nossos resultados preliminares sugerem que a TOT com metformina, uma sulfonilureia e vildagliptina pode ser útil para alguns pacientes com DM2 não responsivos à combinação com metformina e uma sulfonilureia.