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1.
Braz. j. microbiol ; Braz. j. microbiol;46(4): 1027-1035, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-769635

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract We investigated the composition and structure of fungal communities associated with leaf litter generated by Clusia nemorosa and Vismia guianensis that belong to phylogenetically-related botanical families and exist together in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in Bahia, Brazil. Samplings were conducted during wet (June 2011) and dry (January 2013) seasons in Serra da Jibóia. The fungi were isolated using particle filtration and the 1,832 isolates represented 92 taxa. The wet season yielded the largest number of isolates (1,141) and taxa (76) compared with the dry season (641 isolates and 37 taxa). The richness and diversity of fungal species associated with C. nemorosa (64 taxa, Simpson=0.95)were higher compared with those of V.guianensis (59 taxa, Simpson =0.90). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed significant variations in the composition and community structure of fungi isolated from the two plants as a function of seasons. In contrast, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis show that the seasonality was an important influence on the distribution of fungal species. However, the populations of the saprobic fungal communities were dynamic, and several factors may influence such communities in the Atlantic Forest.


Sujet(s)
Brésil/classification , Brésil/génétique , Brésil/isolement et purification , Brésil/microbiologie , Clusia/classification , Clusia/génétique , Clusia/isolement et purification , Clusia/microbiologie , Clusiaceae/classification , Clusiaceae/génétique , Clusiaceae/isolement et purification , Clusiaceae/microbiologie , Écosystème/classification , Écosystème/génétique , Écosystème/isolement et purification , Écosystème/microbiologie , Forêts/classification , Forêts/génétique , Forêts/isolement et purification , Forêts/microbiologie , Champignons/classification , Champignons/génétique , Champignons/isolement et purification , Champignons/microbiologie , Feuilles de plante/classification , Feuilles de plante/génétique , Feuilles de plante/isolement et purification , Feuilles de plante/microbiologie , Saisons/classification , Saisons/génétique , Saisons/isolement et purification , Saisons/microbiologie , Arbres/classification , Arbres/génétique , Arbres/isolement et purification , Arbres/microbiologie
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; Braz. j. microbiol;46(4): 1087-1091, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-769654

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract Carbaryl is an important and widely used insecticide that pollutes soil and water systems. Bacteria from the local soil ecosystem of the Gaza Strip capable of utilizing carbaryl as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen were isolated and identified as belonging to Bacillus, Morganella, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Corynebacterium genera. Carbaryl biodegradation by Bacillus, Morganella and Corynebacterium isolates was analyzed in minimal liquid media supplemented with carbaryl as the only source of carbon and nitrogen. Bacillus and Morganella exhibited 94.6% and 87.3% carbaryl degradation, respectively, while Corynebacterium showed only moderate carbaryl degradation at 48.8%. These results indicate that bacterial isolates from a local soil ecosystem in the Gaza Strip are able to degrade carbaryl and can be used to decrease the risk of environmental contamination by this insecticide.


Sujet(s)
Bactéries/classification , Bactéries/génétique , Bactéries/isolement et purification , Bactéries/métabolisme , Dépollution biologique de l'environnement/classification , Dépollution biologique de l'environnement/génétique , Dépollution biologique de l'environnement/isolement et purification , Dépollution biologique de l'environnement/métabolisme , Carbaryl/classification , Carbaryl/génétique , Carbaryl/isolement et purification , Carbaryl/métabolisme , Écosystème/classification , Écosystème/génétique , Écosystème/isolement et purification , Écosystème/métabolisme , Insecticides/classification , Insecticides/génétique , Insecticides/isolement et purification , Insecticides/métabolisme , Moyen Orient/classification , Moyen Orient/génétique , Moyen Orient/isolement et purification , Moyen Orient/métabolisme , Microbiologie du sol/classification , Microbiologie du sol/génétique , Microbiologie du sol/isolement et purification , Microbiologie du sol/métabolisme , Polluants du sol/classification , Polluants du sol/génétique , Polluants du sol/isolement et purification , Polluants du sol/métabolisme
3.
Agora USB ; 14(2): 601-636, jul.-dic. 2014.
Article de Espagnol | LILACS | ID: lil-776810

RÉSUMÉ

El presente texto presenta los resultados de un ejercicio investigativo. que visibiliza Por un lado las problemáticas más sentidas de los habitantes de las comunidades Golondrinas y El Faro de la Comuna 8 de la ciudad de Medellín, un ejercicio que se adelantó como respuesta ante los procesos de intervención institucional, derivados de los constantes procesos de transformación de la ciudad, los cuales, han generado desplazamientos y silencios frente a la realidad misma de dichas comunidades; por otro lado, presenta las propuesta de solución construidas desde las mismas comunidades ante dichos problemas.


This text presents: on the one hand, the results of an investigative exercise,which makes visible the deepest problems of the inhabitants of the communities swallows and the lighthouse of 8 commune of the city of Medellin, an exercise that be stepped forward in response to the process of institutional intervention arising from the constant processes of transformation of the city, which have led to displacement and rests with the same realities of those communities; on the other hand, it presents the proposal of solution built from the same communities face these problems.


Sujet(s)
Écosystème , Écosystème/classification , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/économie , Écosystème/effets indésirables , Écosystème/éthique , Écosystème/histoire , Écosystème/méthodes , Écosystème/politiques
4.
Zoologia (Curitiba, Impr.) ; 30(2): 200-210, 2013.
Article de Anglais | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1504150

RÉSUMÉ

Arctiinae moths include nearly 11,000 species worldwide, of which approximately 700 species occur in the Brazilian Cerrado. The aim of this study was to describe the species composition of Arctiinae, as well as the variation in annual and nightly moth activity, in two Cerrado vegetation types. We sampled moths one night per month from September 2008 to June 2009, in the gallery forest and in the cerrado sensu stricto in the Jardim Botânico de Brasília. We collected 395 tiger moths belonging to 65 morphospecies; 74% of the species belonged to the tribe Arctiini and 26% to Lithosiini. Thirty-one species (47.7%) occurred only in the gallery forest, 13 (20%) occurred only in the cerrado sensu stricto, and 21 (32.3%) occurred in both vegetation types. Additionally, we found the greatest species richness between 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m., and these hours were associated with 21 and 22 species, respectively. Most species (51.8%) were active for up to three hours during the night. In general, the species composition differed between the dry and rainy seasons, and the similarity of the fauna also varied hourly. Based on our results, we suggest that rapid inventories of Arctiinae be performed in both rainy and dry seasons, and sampling should be carried out the entire night.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Biodiversité , Comportement animal , Écosystème/classification , Saisons , Papillons de nuit/classification
5.
Zoologia (Curitiba) ; 30(2): 200-210, 2013.
Article de Anglais | VETINDEX | ID: vti-14403

RÉSUMÉ

Arctiinae moths include nearly 11,000 species worldwide, of which approximately 700 species occur in the Brazilian Cerrado. The aim of this study was to describe the species composition of Arctiinae, as well as the variation in annual and nightly moth activity, in two Cerrado vegetation types. We sampled moths one night per month from September 2008 to June 2009, in the gallery forest and in the cerrado sensu stricto in the Jardim Botânico de Brasília. We collected 395 tiger moths belonging to 65 morphospecies; 74% of the species belonged to the tribe Arctiini and 26% to Lithosiini. Thirty-one species (47.7%) occurred only in the gallery forest, 13 (20%) occurred only in the cerrado sensu stricto, and 21 (32.3%) occurred in both vegetation types. Additionally, we found the greatest species richness between 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m., and these hours were associated with 21 and 22 species, respectively. Most species (51.8%) were active for up to three hours during the night. In general, the species composition differed between the dry and rainy seasons, and the similarity of the fauna also varied hourly. Based on our results, we suggest that rapid inventories of Arctiinae be performed in both rainy and dry seasons, and sampling should be carried out the entire night.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Saisons , Écosystème/classification , Biodiversité , Comportement animal , Papillons de nuit/classification
6.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 9(1): 191-200, Mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-583975

RÉSUMÉ

A maioria dos peixes da família Rivulidae são popularmente conhecidos como anuais por completarem todo seu ciclo biológico em pequenos corpos de água temporários que secam obrigatoriamente em determinados períodos do ano causando a morte dos indivíduos adultos. Possuem características biológicas peculiares como pequeno porte, maturação sexual precoce, reprodução contínua, um elaborado padrão de corte e uma grande capacidade reprodutiva entre os peixes. Os rivulídeos se encontram amplamente distribuídos nas Américas do Norte, Central e Sul. Este trabalho analisou a dieta e a biologia reprodutiva de Cynopoecilus melanotaenia. Foram coletados 263 exemplares e a análise de 233 conteúdos gastrointestinais revelou uma dieta invertívora composta principalmente por microcrustáceos (Cladocera, Amphipoda e Ostracoda) e insetos imaturos (Chaoboridae, Culicidae, Syrphidae, mas principalmente larvas de Chironomidae). Foi registrada a lepidofagia na dieta dos machos. A fecundidade foi estimada pela análise de 59 pares de ovários maduros e variou entre 2 a 157 ovócitos (média, 19 ± 26[DP]). A espécie apresentou desova parcelada, uma estratégia para aumentar a chance de sobrevivência a depleções prolongadas. Este trabalho apresenta a primeira investigação sobre a biologia reprodutiva de C. melanotaenia. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a estratégia reprodutiva oportunista de C. melanotaenia e fornecem novas informações biológicas que podem contribuir para pesquisas de conservação e manutenção da espécie em seu ambiente natural.


Most Rivulidae fishes are popularly known as annual fishes which live in ephemeral environments such as pools, that obligatorily dry out seasonally causing the death of adult individuals. They have unique biological characteristics such as small body size, early sexual maturation, continuous reproduction, an elaborated courtship behavior, and a great reproductive capacity among fishes. The rivulids are widely distributed in North, Central and South America. In this study, the diet and reproductive biology of Cynopoecilus melanotaenia was analyzed. A total of 263 specimens were collected and the analysis of 233 gastrointestinal contents revealed an invertivorous diet composed mainly of small crustaceans (Cladocera, Amphipoda, and Ostracoda) and immature insects (Chaoboridae, Culicidae, Syrphidae, but mainly Chironomidae larvae). Lepidophagy on male’s diet was also registered. Fecundity was estimated by analyzing 59 pairs of mature ovaries and ranged from 2 to 157 oocytes (mean, 19 ± 26[SD]). The species has fractional spawning, a strategy to increase the chance of survival to prolonged depletions. This study is the first to investigate the reproductive biology of C. melanotaenia. The results confirmed the opportunistic character of the rivulid C. melanotaenia and provided unreported reproductive information that may aid conservation of the species.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Écosystème/classification , Poissons/classification , Régime alimentaire/médecine vétérinaire , Fécondation/physiologie
7.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 9(1): 191-200, 2011.
Article de Anglais | VETINDEX | ID: vti-2903

RÉSUMÉ

A maioria dos peixes da família Rivulidae são popularmente conhecidos como anuais por completarem todo seu ciclo biológico em pequenos corpos de água temporários que secam obrigatoriamente em determinados períodos do ano causando a morte dos indivíduos adultos. Possuem características biológicas peculiares como pequeno porte, maturação sexual precoce, reprodução contínua, um elaborado padrão de corte e uma grande capacidade reprodutiva entre os peixes. Os rivulídeos se encontram amplamente distribuídos nas Américas do Norte, Central e Sul. Este trabalho analisou a dieta e a biologia reprodutiva de Cynopoecilus melanotaenia. Foram coletados 263 exemplares e a análise de 233 conteúdos gastrointestinais revelou uma dieta invertívora composta principalmente por microcrustáceos (Cladocera, Amphipoda e Ostracoda) e insetos imaturos (Chaoboridae, Culicidae, Syrphidae, mas principalmente larvas de Chironomidae). Foi registrada a lepidofagia na dieta dos machos. A fecundidade foi estimada pela análise de 59 pares de ovários maduros e variou entre 2 a 157 ovócitos (média, 19 ± 26[DP]). A espécie apresentou desova parcelada, uma estratégia para aumentar a chance de sobrevivência a depleções prolongadas. Este trabalho apresenta a primeira investigação sobre a biologia reprodutiva de C. melanotaenia. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a estratégia reprodutiva oportunista de C. melanotaenia e fornecem novas informações biológicas que podem contribuir para pesquisas de conservação e manutenção da espécie em seu ambiente natural.(AU)


Most Rivulidae fishes are popularly known as annual fishes which live in ephemeral environments such as pools, that obligatorily dry out seasonally causing the death of adult individuals. They have unique biological characteristics such as small body size, early sexual maturation, continuous reproduction, an elaborated courtship behavior, and a great reproductive capacity among fishes. The rivulids are widely distributed in North, Central and South America. In this study, the diet and reproductive biology of Cynopoecilus melanotaenia was analyzed. A total of 263 specimens were collected and the analysis of 233 gastrointestinal contents revealed an invertivorous diet composed mainly of small crustaceans (Cladocera, Amphipoda, and Ostracoda) and immature insects (Chaoboridae, Culicidae, Syrphidae, but mainly Chironomidae larvae). Lepidophagy on males diet was also registered. Fecundity was estimated by analyzing 59 pairs of mature ovaries and ranged from 2 to 157 oocytes (mean, 19 ± 26[SD]). The species has fractional spawning, a strategy to increase the chance of survival to prolonged depletions. This study is the first to investigate the reproductive biology of C. melanotaenia. The results confirmed the opportunistic character of the rivulid C. melanotaenia and provided unreported reproductive information that may aid conservation of the species.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Poissons/classification , Écosystème/classification , Régime alimentaire/médecine vétérinaire , Fécondation/physiologie
8.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(2): 99-101, Apr.-June 2009. ilus
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-529211

RÉSUMÉ

Philosepedon vieirai Chagas, Bravo & Rafael, n. sp. from Brazil is described and illustrated.


Neste trabalho é descrita a espécie Philosepedon vieirai Chagas, Bravo & Rafael, sp. nov. do Brasil.


Sujet(s)
Anatomie/classification , Classification , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Psychodidae/anatomie et histologie , Psychodidae/classification , Psychodidae/croissance et développement
9.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(2): 213-219, Apr.-June 2009. graf, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-529223

RÉSUMÉ

A Ilha Grande, localizada no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, vem se destacando como importante área para fins conservacionistas, especialmente por ser um fragmento representativo de Floresta Atlântica e por apresentar um elevado número de estudos sobre a flora e a fauna local. Este estudo visa analisar o atual status do conhecimento sobre a família Bromeliaceae nesta localidade e analisar o incremento da lista de espécies desta família ao longo do tempo de estudo e do esforço amostral. Foram registradas 58 espécies de Bromeliaceae para a Ilha Grande, das quais 47 foram amostradas apenas com a metodologia empregada neste estudo e constituem registros novos para a Ilha Grande.


Ilha Grande, located at the Southern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, is constantly punctuated as an important area for conservational purposes, specially because it is a representative fragment of Atlantic forest and presents a high number of studies about the local fauna and flora. The aim of this study is to analyze the current knowledge of Bromeliaceae family at this island, and understand how the increase of the family's species list occurred through out the amount of time and sampling effort of this study. A total of 58 species of Bromeliaceae were listed for Ilha Grande, and 47 of them were sampled using only the methodology adopted at this study and, therefore, constitute new records for Ilha Grande.


Sujet(s)
Bromeliaceae/classification , Bromeliaceae/croissance et développement , Classification , Faune , Flore , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification
10.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(2): 275-277, Apr.-June 2009. ilus, mapas
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-529229

RÉSUMÉ

Scinax aromothyella is a recently described hylid frog. Its distribution is not well known. There are records for Misiones, Argentina and for southeastern Uruguay. Here we report a new record of S. aromothyella from Aceguá, Cerro Largo Department, Uruguay (31º 53' 39" S and 54º 9' 17" W), based in tadpoles collected on the 15 of August, 2007. This new record extends the distribution of S. aromothyella in approximately 100 km north from previous reports in Uruguay. The samples were collected in a site located 2 km away from the border line with Brazil, reinforcing the idea that S. aromothyella might occur in Rio Grande do Sul.


Scinax aromothyella es un anfibio hilido recientemente descripto y con distribución poco conocida. Existen registros de Misiones, Argentina, y del sureste de Uruguay. Reportamos en este trabajo un nuevo registro de S. aromothyella para el Departamento de Cerro Largo, Uruguay, localidad Aceguá (31º 53' 39" S y 54º 9' 17" W) basado en renacuajos colectados el 15 de agosto de 2007. Este registro extiende la distribución de S. aromothyella más de 100 km al norte de los registros previos en Uruguay. La cercanía a la frontera (2 km) refuerza la idea de la ocurrencia de esta especie en el sur de Brasil.


Sujet(s)
Amphibiens , Anura/classification , Écosystème , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Écosystème/effets indésirables , Larve
11.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(2): 267-270, Apr.-June 2009. mapas, tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-529231

RÉSUMÉ

There is a lack of knowledge of the biology and distribution of Nyctinomops aurispinosus. Herein, we report the southernmost record of this species, from the city of Curitiba (25º 25' S and 49º 15' W, 920 m), state of Paraná, Brazil, and summarize its distribution in South America.


Há uma grande lacuna no conhecimento da biologia e corologia de Nyctinomops aurispinosus. Nesta comunicação, nós apresentamos o registro mais austral deste molossídeo, realizado na cidade de Curitiba (25º 25' S e 49º 15' W, 920 m), estado do Paraná, Brasil, e sumarizamos a distribuição geográfica conhecida para a espécie na América do Sul.


Sujet(s)
Biodiversité , Chiroptera , Classification , Écosystème , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Mammifères
12.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 31-35, Jan.-Mar. 2009. graf, mapas
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-518427

RÉSUMÉ

The Atlantic forest of Brazil is nowadays reduced to less than 8% of its total original area and yet many species remain to be described. The Atlantic Forest north to the São Francisco river - The Pernambuco Endemism Center (CEPE) - has less than 2% of its original forest cover and yet the knowledge on small mammals is scarce. Aiming to assess the small mammal community of this region surveys were carried out in 12 forest fragments of different sizes in distinct geographic areas of the CEPE. The capture-mark-recapture technique was used with live-traps set along linear transects. We recorded 15 species, two of which are in the IUCN Red List, but not in the Brazilian List of Threatened Species. The highest richness and abundance indices were recorded in medium-sized fragments and in the rainy season. More marsupial species were recorded compared to rodents. Our results suggest that fragmentation caused the extinction of those most specialized species, currently remaining only those most tolerant to fragmentation and urbanization. It is recommended that urgent measures should be taken to reconnect and restore these fragments to allow recolonization and reestablishment of the gene flow among the populations.


A Floresta Atlântica do Brasil encontra-se hoje reduzida a menos de 8% da sua área original e contém várias espécies ainda desconhecidas. Sua porção ao norte do Rio São Francisco, o Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco (CEPE), possui atualmente menos de 2% de sua área original e o conhecimento sobre pequenos mamíferos é escasso. Com o objetivo de conhecer melhor a comunidade de pequenos mamíferos desta região foram realizados levantamentos em 12 fragmentos de diferentes tamanhos em áreas geográficas distintas do CEPE. A técnica de captura-marcação-recaptura foi utilizada, com armadilhas de captura viva dispostas em transectos ao longo dos fragmentos. Foram registradas 15 espécies, das quais duas estão inclusas na lista vermelha da IUCN, embora não na lista de espécies ameaçadas do IBAMA. Os maiores índices de riqueza e abundância foram encontrados nos fragmentos de tamanho médio, e durante a estação chuvosa. Foram registradas mais espécies de marsupiais do que de roedores. Os resultados sugerem que a fragmentação causou a extinção daquelas espécies mais especializadas, persistindo atualmente apenas aquelas mais tolerantes à fragmentação e urbanização. Recomendamos que medidas urgentes sejam tomadas para re-conectar e restaurar estes fragmentos, tornando possível sua re-colonização pelas espécies e o aumento do fluxo gênico entre as populações.


Sujet(s)
Forêts/analyse , Politique de l'environnement , Conservation des ressources naturelles , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Mammifères/classification , Arbres
13.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 55-63, Jan.-Mar. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-518430

RÉSUMÉ

The Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana (Tyrannidae) is a migratory passerine that occurs in central Brazil between August and February. Its breeding biology is still little known, and this study reports data on breeding season, incubation and nestling periods, nest and egg characteristics, nest success and predation rate. We searched for nests at ôEstação Ecológica de Águas Emendadasõ (ESECAE) and its surroundings, Distrito Federal, Brazil, in the breeding seasons of 2002 to 2007. We monitored 78 nests each 2-4 days. Breeding season started in late September and lasted until mid December. Incubation lasted 13.6 ± 0.4 days (n = 21) (mean ± SE) and nestling period lasted 15 ± 0.4 days (n = 27). Most nests (n = 39) were found in ôcerrado raloõ vegetation and were built on plants of the genus Kielmeyera. Clutch size ranged from 1 to 3 eggs, with an average of 2.5 ± 0.3 eggs. Egg length and width averaged 22.2 ± 0.2 mm and 15.8 ± 0.1 mm (n = 6), respectively, and the average weight was 3.0 ± 0.2 g (n = 5). Thirty (52.5%) nests were successful, 24 (43.9%) were predated and only two (3.7%) were abandoned. Egg success was 39.2 ± 1.4% and mean hatching rate was 0.6 ± 0.2 fledglings/egg. Overall productivity was 1.0 ± 0.3 fledglings per nest, and fecundity rate was 1.4 ± 0.4 fledglings per female. Nest success (Mayfield method) was 45.9% ± 1.1, with no significant difference between the average daily survival rate between egg and nestling periods. Several of the estimated parameters for T. savana revealed to be different than expected for a tropical flycatcher.


A tesourinha Tyrannus savana é um Passeriforme (Tyrannidae) migratório que ocorre no Planalto central entre os meses de agosto e fevereiro. Sua biologia reprodutiva é ainda pouco conhecida e foi abordada pelo presente estudo quanto aos seguintes aspectos: período reprodutivo, tamanho da ninhada, tempo de incubação e de permanência dos ninhegos no ninho, características dos ninhos e ovos, taxa de sucesso dos ninhos e taxa de predação. O estudo foi realizado na Estação Ecológica Águas Emendadas e em fragmentos do entorno, DF, nas estações reprodutivas de 2002 a 2007. Os ninhos (n = 78) foram monitorados em intervalos de 2-4 dias. O período reprodutivo estendeu-se de setembro a dezembro. O período médio de incubação foi de 13,6 ± 0,4 dias (n = 21) (média ± EP), e a permanência dos ninhegos no ninho foi de 15 ± 0,4 dias (n = 27). A maioria dos ninhos (n = 39) foi encontrada em cerrado ralo e em plantas-suporte do gênero Kielmeyera. O tamanho da ninhada variou de 1 a 3 ovos com média de 2,5 ± 0,3 ovos. O comprimento e a largura média dos ovos foram de 22,2 ± 0,2 mm e 15,8 ± 0,1 mm (n = 6), respectivamente, e o peso médio foi de 3,0 ± 0,2 g (n = 5). Trinta ninhos (52,5%) tiveram sucesso, 24 (43,8%) foram predados e apenas dois (3,7%) foram abandonados. O sucesso dos ovos foi de 39,2 ± 1,4%, sendo a taxa de eclosão de 0,6 ± 0,2 filhotes/ovo, a fecundidade de 1,5 ± 0,4 filhotes/fêmea e da produção anual de filhotes de 1,0 ± 0,3 filhotes/ninho. O sucesso dos ninhos (método de Mayfield) foi de 45,9% ± 1,1, não havendo diferença significativa entre a taxa média de sobrevivência diária nas fases de ovo e ninhego. Diversos parâmetros estimados para T. savana revelaram ser diferentes do esperado para um tiranídeo tropical.


Sujet(s)
Oiseaux/croissance et développement , Classification , Taille de la ponte , Faune , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Reproduction
14.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 73-79, Jan.-Mar. 2009. graf, mapas, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-518432

RÉSUMÉ

Vascular epiphytes are frequent in mesic habitats and mid-elevation regions. The present study investigated the diversity and species composition of epiphytic bromeliads in the Natural Reserve of Serra do Teimoso (RNST) located in a transitional area between ombrophilous and semideciduous forests. Adapted from the "Rapid and Representative Sampling of Vascular and Non-vascular epiphyte Diversity of Tropical Rain Forests" protocol, our survey method used eight phorophytes of Cariniana legalis (Martius) Kuntze found between 284 and 573 m a.s.l.. We registered 19 morphospecies and 526 bromeliad groups. Almost one third of the species were classified as widely distributed and 27.3% are endemic to southern Bahia. Shannon index was 2.2 nats.ind-1 and the estimated number of species in this area was 25 (SD = ± 3.5). Most C. legalis harbored a similar abundance and species composition of epiphytes, which was dominated by Hohenbergia and Aechmea species. This study registered the occurrence of three species that are new to the state of Bahia, and one genus was collected for the first time in the RNST. Results are in accordance with the known pattern of lower epiphytic diversity in drier locations. Since all new records are exclusive to the crowns of large trees, the sampling of these new records was only possible because climbing techniques were used. Compared to other methodologies for floristic surveys, the one employed here demanded lower sample effort and yielded similar results. Large trees play an important role for epiphytes due to the concentration of species and individuals on them. Thus, the utilization of canopy methodologies in other field surveys would be desirable to sample appropriately epiphytes in large trees.


Sujet(s)
Biodiversité , Bromelia/classification , Bromelia/croissance et développement , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Écosystème/effets indésirables , Arbres
15.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 135-143, Jan.-Mar. 2009. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-518439

RÉSUMÉ

Feeding habits of Bryconamericus stramineus were described in different streams of Guiraí River Sub-basin in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Mid-West of Brazil. Fishes were sampled bi-monthly between October/06 and August/07 in seven streams and the samples were separated in two seasons: dry and wet. A total of 960 individuals were captured. B. stramineus showed an insectivore feeding habit, consuming seventeen food items. The feeding tactic of preys capture varied between the seasons and the locations. During the wet season the most important items were Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, while Megaloptera and Diptera were the most important during dry season. In all analyzed streams, B. stramineus showed a diet basically composed by insects; the other items spent sometimes, corroborating the literature.


Os hábitos alimentares de Bryconamericus stramineus foram estudados em riachos da sub-bacia do rio Guiraí, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, centro-oeste do Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas bimestralmente em sete riachos na bacia do rio Guiraí, Alto Rio Paraná, de outubro/2006 a agosto/2007. Foram capturados 960 exemplares. As amostragens foram divididas em estação chuvosa e estação seca. B. stramineus apresentou hábito alimentar insetívoro; a espécie utilizou 17 itens alimentares, sendo que a tática de consumo das presas variou entre as estações a as localidades. Durante a estação chuvosa nos estômagos prevaleceram as Ordens Hymenoptera, Diptera e Coleoptera, durante a seca predominaram as Ordens Megaloptera e Diptera. Em todos os riachos analisados, B. stramineus apresentou dieta basicamente composta por insetos, sendo os demais itens consumidos ocasionalmente, confirmando a literatura.


Sujet(s)
Bassins Géographiques et Hydrographiques , Comportement alimentaire , Poissons , Eau douce , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Saisons
16.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 157-187, Jan.-Mar. 2009. ilus, mapas, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-518441

RÉSUMÉ

We present the species list of amphibians and reptiles registered in continuous and fragmented Atlantic Forest remnants at Tapiraí and Piedade municipalities, Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo, Brazil. We sampled 21 localities, 15 located within unprotetcted forest fragments and six located at Parque Estadual do Jurupará, the single legal protected area in this region and surroundings. We recorded 47 anurans, one gymnophiona, seven lizards, one amphisbenian, 46 snakes, and one turtle. The specimes were captured by pitfall traps with drift fences, visual and auditive surveys, incidental encounters, local collectors, and, for snakes, by recording scientific collection records. Sampling methods were effective in documenting local herpetofauna, showing the adequacy of the use of complementary methods. Forest remnants at Tapiraí and Piedade have typical species of Atlantic Forest areas, and show higher species richness in comparison with other lists in the Atlantic Plateau. The presence of species known from few localities, or present in threatened species lists, shows that the Atlantic Forest remnants in this region need conservation attention. Although still harboring high herpetofaunal diversity, the remnants are threatened by the effects of forest fragmentation.


Apresentamos aqui a lista de espécies de anfíbios e répteis registradas nos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica contínua e fragmentada da região de Tapiraí e Piedade, Planalto Atlântico de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Amostramos 21 localidades na região, sendo 15 fragmentos florestais e seis localidades do interior e entorno do Parque Estadual do Jurupará, único remanescente legalmente protegido da região. Registramos 47 espécies de anfíbios anuros, uma espécie de gymnophiona, oito espécies de lagartos, uma espécie de anfisbena, 46 espécies de serpentes e uma espécie de quelônio. Esta lista conta com espécimes capturados pelos métodos de armadilhas de interceptação e queda, procura visual e auditiva, encontros ocasionais, capturas por terceiros e, no caso das serpentes, também por registros em coleção científica. A combinação entre métodos foi eficiente na amostragem da herpetofauna da região, evidenciando a necessidade de amostragem com métodos complementares. Os remanescentes de Tapiraí e Piedade apresentam espécies de anfíbios e répteis típicas de áreas de Mata Atlântica e alta riqueza de espécies, em relação a outros estudos realizados no planalto. A presença de espécies de distribuição restrita, ou presentes em listas de fauna ameaçada, reforçam a necessidade de conservação dos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica na região, que apesar de abrigar grande diversidade está ameaçada pelos efeitos da fragmentação florestal.


Sujet(s)
Amphibiens/classification , Biodiversité , Faune/analyse , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Reptiles/classification , Serpents/classification
17.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 207-216, Jan.-Mar. 2009. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-518443

RÉSUMÉ

O cerrado brasileiro é um dos 25 "hotspots" da Terra, áreas caracterizadas pela concentração de espécies endêmicas e por experimentar excepcional perda de hábitat. São conhecidas cerca de 150 espécies de anfíbios no Cerrado brasileiro, e aproximadamente 28% dessas espécies são endêmicas. Trabalhos com comunidades de anuros do cerrado ainda são escassos, e a forte pressão antrópica, o alto grau de endemismo e o declínio de populações de anuros registrados nesse bioma reforçam a importância de estudos relacionados à anurofauna. O presente trabalho apresenta um inventário de espécies de anuros em duas unidades de conservação no cerrado da cidade de Assis, sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo: Estação Ecológica de Assis e Floresta Estadual de Assis. Durante o estudo, foram registradas 23 espécies distribuídas em 13 gêneros e seis famílias. A fauna de anuros do cerrado de Assis é fortemente dominada pelas famílias Hylidae (oito espécies) e Leptodactylidae (seis espécies), um padrão comumente encontrado em localidades da região Neotropical. A riqueza de espécies e a representatividade das famílias foram similares às encontradas em outras áreas de cerrado do Brasil e de formações vegetais antropizadas com perda de área florestal e aumento de áreas abertas. A taxocenose de anuros da localidade de estudo é composta por espécies amplamente distribuídas em ambientes abertos do complexo Cerrado-Caatinga-Chaco.


The Brazilian cerrado is a hotspot of biodiversity, areas with many endemic species subjected to severe habitat loss. About 150 amphibian species are known to the Brazilian cerrado, and 28% of them are endemic. Studies focusing cerrado anuran communities are rare. Here we provide a commented list of anurans of two conservation unities of the municipality of Assis, southeastern Brazil: the Estação Ecológica de Assis and the Floresta Estadual de Assis. Twenty three anuran species were recorded, and these belong to 13 genera and six families. The anuran fauna of the cerrado of Assis is dominated by the families Hylidae (eight species) and Leptodactylidae (six species), a pattern commonly found in neotropical sites. Species richness and taxonomic composition at the family level were similar to those of other Brazilian cerrados and perturbed areas characterized by deforestation and increase of open areas. The taxocenosis contains species widespread in open formations of the Cerrado-Caatinga-Chaco complex.


Sujet(s)
Amphibiens , Anura , Biodiversité , Faune/analyse , Faune/classification , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification
18.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 253-255, Jan.-Mar. 2009. mapas
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-518448

RÉSUMÉ

During an inventory fieldwork carried out at Usina Salgado property in the county of Ipojuca, Pernambuco, Brazil, we captured a Lionycteris spurrelli specimen in a forest fragment known as Mata do Mingú (8º 31' 29" S and 35º 03' 26" W). This marks the first occurrence for the northeast region and therefore, the first record for the state of Pernambuco, widening its distribution area within Atlantic Forest. The extension of the occurrence area points out this record as being the oriental limit for the species.


Durante um trabalho de campo realizado nas propriedades da Usina Salgado, no município de Ipojuca, Pernambuco, foi capturado um indivíduo da espécie Lionycteris spurrelli, no fragmento denominado Mata do Mingú (8º 31' 29" S e 35º 03' 26" W). O fato registra a primeira ocorrência para a região Nordeste e conseqüentemente o primeiro registro para o estado de Pernambuco, ampliando a área de distribuição do morcego na Floresta Atlântica. A extensão da área de ocorrência aponta este registro como o limite oriental para a espécie.


Sujet(s)
Comportement , Chiroptera , Faune/analyse , Faune/classification , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Mammifères/croissance et développement
19.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 271-273, Jan.-Mar. 2009. ilus
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-518452

RÉSUMÉ

Some Pontomyia Edwards, 1926 larvae were sampled associated with algae and sediment at Atol das Rocas, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This is the first record of the genus from South Atlantic Ocean.


Larvas de Pontomyia Edwards, 1926 foram coletadas associadas a algas e sedimento no Atol das Rocas, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Este é o primeiro registro do gênero para o Atlântico Sul.


Sujet(s)
Chironomidae , Côtes (Littoral) , Diptera/classification , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Insectes , Larve/classification
20.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(1): 275-277, Jan.-Mar. 2009. ilus, mapas, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-518453

RÉSUMÉ

Catathyridium garmani (Jordan & Goss, 1889) is being recorded for the first time in Northeastern Brazil on the basis of twenty-six specimens collected in the Paraguaçu river estuary, São Félix municipality, Bahia state. This note relates the septentrional geographic distribution's ampliation of this species, which was restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. Meristic and morphometric data from the collected species are presented.


Catathyridium garmani (Jordan & Goss, 1889) é registrada pela primeira vez para o litoral nordeste do Brasil com base em 26 exemplares coletados no estuário do rio Paraguaçu, município de São Félix, estado da Bahia. Amplia-se desta forma o limite setentrional da espécie que até o momento restringia-se ao estado do Rio de Janeiro. São ainda apresentados dados morfométricos e meristícos dos exemplares coletados.


Sujet(s)
Biodiversité , Côtes (Littoral)/analyse , Écosystème , Écosystème/analyse , Écosystème/classification , Poissons/classification , Rivières
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