Is polysomnographic examination necessary for subjects with diaphragm pathologies?

OBJECTIVES: While respiratory distress is accepted as the only indication for diaphragmatic plication surgery, sleep disorders have been underestimated. In this study, we aimed to detect the sleep disorders that accompany diaphragm pathologies. Specifically, the association of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with diaphragm eventration and diaphragm paralysis was evaluated. METHODS: This study was performed in Süreyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital between 2014-2016. All patients had symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (snoring and/or cessation of breath during sleep and/or daytime sleepiness) and underwent diaphragmatic plication via video-assisted mini-thoracotomy. Additionally, all patients underwent pre- and postoperative full-night polysomnography. Pre- and postoperative clinical findings, polysomnography results, Epworth sleepiness scale scores and pulmonary function test results were compared. RESULTS: Twelve patients (7 males) with a mean age of 48 (range, 27-60) years and a mean body mass index of 25 (range, 20-30) kg/m2 were included in the study. Preoperative polysomnography showed obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in 9 of the 12 patients (75%), while 3 of the patients (25%) were regarded as normal. Postoperatively, patient complaints, apnea hypopnea indices, Epworth sleepiness scale scores and pulmonary function test results all demonstrated remarkable improvement. CONCLUSION: All patients suffering from diaphragm pathologies with symptoms should undergo polysomnography, and patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be operated on. In this way, long-term comorbidities of sleep disorders may be prevented.

Is polysomnographic examination necessary for subjects with diaphragm pathologies?

OBJECTIVES: While respiratory distress is accepted as the only indication for diaphragmatic plication surgery, sleep disorders have been underestimated. In this study, we aimed to detect the sleep disorders that accompany diaphragm pathologies. Specifically, the association of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with diaphragm eventration and diaphragm paralysis was evaluated. METHODS: This study was performed in Süreyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital between 2014-2016. All patients had symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (snoring and/or cessation of breath during sleep and/or daytime sleepiness) and underwent diaphragmatic plication via video-assisted mini-thoracotomy. Additionally, all patients underwent pre- and postoperative full-night polysomnography. Pre- and postoperative clinical findings, polysomnography results, Epworth sleepiness scale scores and pulmonary function test results were compared. RESULTS: Twelve patients (7 males) with a mean age of 48 (range, 27-60) years and a mean body mass index of 25 (range, 20-30) kg/m2 were included in the study. Preoperative polysomnography showed obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in 9 of the 12 patients (75%), while 3 of the patients (25%) were regarded as normal. Postoperatively, patient complaints, apnea hypopnea indices, Epworth sleepiness scale scores and pulmonary function test results all demonstrated remarkable improvement. CONCLUSION: All patients suffering from diaphragm pathologies with symptoms should undergo polysomnography, and patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome should be operated on. In this way, long-term comorbidities of sleep disorders may be prevented.

Abordaje fisioterapéutico en paciente con eventración compleja / Physiotherapeutic approach in patient with complex eventration

Los pacientes con hernias complejas, se caracterizan por presentar cambios sistémicos y locales. Las complicaciones respiratorias pueden ser mínimas o podrían ser evitadas con la utilización de un protocolo de atención de fisioterapia respiratoria. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 53 años con diagnóstico de eventración compleja, Obesidad Mórbida y Diabetes Mellitus tipo II. Recibe el tratamiento de fisioterapia respiratoria en las etapas pre y post operatorias, mediante la evaluación clínica kinésica se pudo comprobar la pronta mejoría, pudiendo lograr su máximo grado de dependencia funcional. Resulta interesante medir dicho avance, dado que existen escasas publicaciones sobre este tema.

Patients with complex hernias, are characterized by systemic and local changes. Respiratory complications can be minimal or could be avoided with the use of a protocol of physiotherapy care. Presented the clinical case of a 53 year old patient with diagnosis of complex eventration, morbid obesity and Diabetes Mellitus type II. Receiving physiotherapy treatment in stages pre and post operative, through evaluation clinical kinaesthetic failed to check the prompt improvement, and can achieve its maximum degree of functional dependence. It is interesting to measure such progress, given that there are little publishing on this topic.

Eventración diafragmática en pediatría: revisión de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Diaphagmatic eventration in children: a case report and review of the literature

Diaphragmatic eventration is an abnormal elevation of one of the hemidiaphragms, with deviation of the mediastinum to the contralateral side. It is usually asymptomatic. It can be either congenital or acquired. If it is asymptomatic, the patient should be kept under observation. The resolution must be surgical if the ascent of the diaphragm is pointed, if there is any symptom or recurrent pneumonia. This article describes the case of a patient with congenital diaphragmatic eventration. The difficulties the patient presented in the diagnosis are reviewed.

La eventración diafragmática es la elevación anormal de uno de los hemidiafragmas, con desviación del mediastino hacia el lado contralateral, generalmente asintomática. Se clasifica en congénita y adquirida, si es asintomática el paciente se debe mantener en observación, la resolución debe ser quirúrgica si el ascenso diafragmático es acentuado, presenta síntomas o neumonía recurrente. En este artículo se revisa el caso de un paciente con eventración diafragmática congénita, que presentó dificultades en el diagnóstico.

Evaluación por imágenes del diafragma en el niño / Image evaluation of diaphragm in children

The anatomy, embriology andfunctions of the neonate 's diaphragm, as well as its anatomical and functional oddities were reviewed. And, in a deeper way, imaging studies were also reviewed; these have an important role in functional and anatomic evaluation of the diaphragm, each one with its own advantages and limitations. Chest X-rays allow an anatomic two dimensional evaluation of the diaphragm and constitutes the first approach in the study of diaphragm pathology in children; hence, the normal anatomy and the most common pathological signs are reviewed. Digestive tube studies using contrast media still are the best choice for diagnosis of hiatal hernia and of herniation through the foramen of Morgagni, where the colon is ascended. Ultrasound use is highlighted for the evaluation of diaphragmatic motility, as well as some of its advantages over fluoroscopy, which is and has been the method of choice in the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis in children. Multiplanar images are the most complete method for the anatomic evaluation of the diaphragm, since they show its spatial orientation and allow the detailed evaluation of those pahologies where the anatomy is altered, such as diaphragmatic hernias, trauma and tumors.

Revisamos la embriología, anatomía y funciones del diafragma, sus particularidades anatómicas y funcionales en los neonatos y, en forma más profunda, los estudios por imágenes, que en la actualidad tienen un importante rol en su evaluación anatómica y funcional, cada uno de ellos con sus ventajas y limitaciones. La radiografía de tóraxpermite una evaluación anatómica en dos planos del diafragma y constituye la primera aproximación en el estudio de la patología del diafragma en los niños, por lo que se describe la anatomía normal y los signos de las patologías más frecuentes. Los estudios contrastados del tubo digestivo siguen siendo de elección para el estudio de las hernias hiatales y hernias de Morgagni en donde está ascendido el colon. Destacamos el uso del ultrasonido en la evaluación de la motilidad diafragmática, y algunas de sus ventajas sobre la fluoroscopia, que es y ha sido el método de elección en el diagnóstico de la parálisis diafragmática en los niños. Las imágenes multiplanares son un método más completo en la evaluación anatómica del diafragma, muestran mejor su orientación espacial y permiten la evaluación detallada de las patologías donde la anatomía está alterada, como hernias diafragmáticas congénitas, trauma y tumores.

Complicated bronchiolitis: another use for your bedside ultrasound in the emergency department.

Diaphragmatic eventration or diaphragmatic herniations are congenital defect that involve abnormal development of the diaphragm and stretching of the muscular fibers leading to protrusion of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. Left sided defects will lead to stomach contents into the chest cavity while, right sided defects will have bowel or liver in the thoracic cavity. Infants with Congenital diaphragmatic hernia often present with respiratory distress that can be life-threatening unless treated appropriately. Bedside ultrasound in the Emergency Department, performed by the Emergency Physician can be a very useful tool in diagnosing conditions such as this one. We present a case of diaphragmatic eventration in a two month old male sent to Emergency Department (ED) by his primary care physician due to a severe case of bronchiolitis.

Experiencia clínica en eventración diafragmática infantil / Clinical experience in infant diaphragmatic eventration

La eventración diafragmática congénita es una patología infrecuente en la niñez. Consiste en una alteración del desarrollo del diafragma el que presenta zonas fibróticas alternadas con musculaturas normal. Provoca una alteración de la movilidad diafragmática que puede repercutir en la expansión y función pulmonar, y puede manifestarse como atelectasis e infecciones respiratorias recurrentes, o ser asintomática. Presentamos la experiencia de un período de 9 años en el que se operó 5 niños con este diagnóstico. Tres eran sistomáticos, y otros dos fueron hallazgos de estudios radiológicos. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante radiografía de torax y ecografía. En cuanto a la cirugía, en 4 se realizó una plicatura, y en uno un flap. El control radiográfico post alta evidenció, en todos los casos, la correcta ubicación del diafragma operado. Un niño debió ser reintervenido por una recidiva dentro de los 3 meses, en tanto los otros evolucionaron satisfactoriamente

Eventración diafragmática bilateral: informe de un caso de sobrevida después de corrección quirúrgica bilateral simultánea / Bilateral diaphragmatic eventration: report of a case which has survived after simultaneous bilateral surgical correction

No se han informado las consecuencias de eventración diafragmática bilateral en nuestro medio. En la literatura mundial se informa como una entidad rara y con alta mortalidad, lo que motiva el presente informe de un caso de una recién nacida con síntomas respiratorios desde el nacimiento, cuya sospecha diagnóstica se estableció en el estudio radiológico simple de tórax, corroborándose en la fluoroscopia la elevación y ausencia de movilidad diafragmática; gasométricamente con datos que sugerían hipoventilación alveolar compatible con falla neuromuscular. Se efectuó plicatura diafragmática bilateral y simultánea por abordaje abdominal. La histología de los diafragmas con atrofia focal y fibrosis compatibles con eventración diafragmática bilateral. La evolución clínica fue favorable posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico. Eventración bilateral; diafragma; recién nacido

[Diaphragmatic eventration. Our experience with 50 cases]. / Eventración diafragmática. Experiencia de 50 casos.

Diaphragmatic eventration is the abnormal elevation of the diaphragm as a result of paralysis, aplasia or atrophia of the muscular fibers. This is a diagnostic problem specially in the newborn. The objective of this report is present the clinical course and surgical management of 50 cases attended in the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Of them, 56% were males; eight were newborns; five with previous surgery. The clinical course was variable; the landmark was the chest X-ray findings. There were operated 36 cases. The right diaphragm was the most frequent affected; the surgical management was with thoracotomy in the great majority of them. In 30 cases had good evolution two years after surgery.