Domestic Accidents of Children in the Orodara District of Burkina Faso: Mothers' Knowledge of First-Aid Practices.

First-aid practices after a domestic accident are not always known, especially in Africa. This study aimed to measure mothers' knowledge of emergency procedures and attitudes in the event of domestic accidents in children. We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Orodara health district, Kénédougou province, Burkina Faso, among mothers of children aged 0-14 years. The dependent variable was the mothers' knowledge of domestic accident first-aid practices, and the independent variables were the sociodemographic characteristics of the households and the mothers. Determinants were identified using linear regression with a threshold of 5%. A total of 798 mothers were surveyed. The mean knowledge score was 6.9 (standard deviation = 1.5) out of 19. Upon our multivariate analysis, the factors associated with the mothers' knowledge about first-aid practices were the mothers' age, the number of children under 14 years old living in the same household, the household size, the score for knowledge of non-recommended attitudes, the mothers' level of education, and the place of residence. This study showed that awareness campaigns, especially in rural areas, seem important in improving mothers' knowledge of first-aid practices in domestic accidents and, therefore, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with domestic accidents.

Epidemiology of Accidental Injuries at Home and Related Risk Factors for Mortality among Older Adults in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background and Objectives: Accidental home injuries among older adults are increasing globally, but reporting is limited. This study aims to establish foundational data for program development and policies to prevent accidental injuries at home in older adults by using data on the occurrence of accidental injuries at home and analyzing the risk factors of mortality due to accidental injuries among adults aged 65 years and older. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used data from the community-based Severe Trauma Survey in South Korea. This study identified general, injury-related, and treatment-related characteristics of older adults who were transported to the emergency department with accidental injuries at home. Single-variable and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for mortality after injury. Results: The majority of older adults in this study who experienced accidental injuries at home were aged 75 to 84 (42.8%) and female (52.8%), with 1465 injured from falls and slips (68.0%). Risk factors for mortality included older age (≥85 years) (ORs 2.25, 95% CI 1.47-3.45), male sex (ORs 1.60, 95% CI 1.15-2.20), mechanism of injury (falls or slips vs. contact injury, ORs 6.76, 95% CI 3.39-13.47; airway obstruction vs. contact injury, ORs 13.96, 95% CI 6.35-30.71), higher severity (moderate vs. mild, ORs 2.56, 95% CI 1.45-4.54; severe vs. mild, ORs 12.24, 95% CI 6.48-23.12; very severe vs. mild, ORs 67.95, 95% CI 38.86-118.81), and receiving a blood transfusion (ORs 2.14, 95% CI 1.24-3.67). Conclusions: Based on these findings, the home and community environments where older adults live should be inspected and monitored, and in-home accidental injury prevention strategies should be developed tailored to the characteristics of older adults' risk factors and their injury-related characteristics.

Electrical injuries in children-a 6-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the clinical epidemiological characteristics of children with electrical injuries and discuss the countermeasures for the prevention of electrical injuries in children. METHODS: The children with electrical injuries were grouped according to whether or not they were admitted to the hospital for treatment into inpatient and outpatient groups. Clinical data such as gender, causes of injury and injury-causing voltage distribution in different age groups were analyzed. The factors affecting hospitalization were subjected to χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 321 children were included with 37 divided into inpatient group and 284 divided into outpatient group. The incidence of electrical injuries was highest in children ≤6 years old and in the summer. There were significantly different in gender, place of occurrence, cause of injury and injury-causing voltage between the two groups (p < 0.05). Injury-causing voltage is an independent risk factor affecting hospitalization of children with electrical injuries (OR = 0.116, 95 %CI = 0.040-0.334, p = 0.000). In children ≤6 years old, boys suffered electrical injuries more frequently than girls; battery powered vehicle (47.53 %) was primarily the cause of injury; most of the patients (64.64 %) were exposed to low voltage below 100 Vs, mainly in the case of adolescent children. CONCLUSION: Male preschoolers accounted for the majority of electrical injury cases, and these accidents mostly happened in household electrical appliances and household battery cars. Overall, it is necessary to improve family electrical safety education and reinforce protective measures against electric injury to children.

Effect of a Childhood Burn Prevention Program on Knowledge Level of Caregivers and Burn Risk Factors.

BACKGROUND: Prevention activities are very important in paediatric burns. More than 73% of burns occur at home. This study aimed to develop a Childhood Burn Prevention Program for caregivers of children with burns and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program for reducing burn risk factors for children at home as well as increasing the relevant knowledge of caregivers on burn prevention. METHODS: "Childhood Burn Prevention Program" was developed in the study. Within the scope of the program, caregivers were interviewed twice at home visits. At the first home visit, caregivers were trained in burn prevention and a poster including burn risk factors was put in their homes. In addition, the knowledge levels of caregivers about burns and risk factors in home settings were evaluated in the first and second home visits. RESULTS: We found the total risk factor for burns in home settings was 28.94 ± 6.24 before the training and 14.68 ± 3.74 after the training (p < 0.05). In addition, the total number of correct answers given by the caregivers to the questions about burns before the training was 8.60 ± 2.62 and 11.71 ± 1.70 after the training (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This Childhood Burn Prevention Program can be used to reduce risk factors for burns at home and to increase the relevant knowledge of caregivers of children.

Why do people get burned? Qualitative analysis of the causes of burns in a large survey of burn survivors.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the national epidemiology of burns is necessary for effective planning of prevention and treatment services. However, epidemiological studies of burns have often focused on short-term and retrospective investigations of a specific group of burned patients in Iran. Therefore, we conduct a comprehensive study from August 2016 to October 2017, in the Burn Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences on approximately 1700 hospitalized burn patients at Motahari Hospital to identify the underlying causes of burns. In this study, an open-ended question was asked about how the burn occurred in the patients. The current study was designed and conducted for the qualitatively analyzing of the responses to this question, using the content analysis method, in order to maximize its use in policymaking and prevention. METHODS: Content analysis of written responses to open-ended questions was done as a part of a large questionnaire survey. This survey was conducted by face-to-face interview at a national referral center for burn injuries. RESULTS: Answers from 1595 patients were coded and the underlying causes of injury were categorized into three themes and 43 subthemes. These underlying causes were lack of knowledge and awareness, inappropriate equipment, and inevitable accidents. The underlying cause of lack of knowledge and awareness had the highest proportion in causing burns in both men and women. The most common subthemes in descending order included lack of skills, dangerous actions, improper location of hot liquids, individual mistakes, and improper use of flammable materials. The top five subthemes with the highest average percentage of burn in patients in descending order were deficiency of residential equipment, self-immolation, accidents, inappropriate location of flammable materials, and unsafe kitchen appliances. CONCLUSION: The focus of prevention programs on educating and increasing awareness of individuals, preferably women, is suggested. Educational programs, tailored to occupational standards and workplace and household equipment, are recommended for men in work environments.

Aetiology of bioethanol related burn accidents: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Since insight into the motivation of behaviour in bioethanol related burn accidents is lacking, this study aimed to qualitatively examine influencing factors in bioethanol related burn accidents. In order to identify target points for effective burn prevention. METHODS: Patients previously admitted with bioethanol related acute non-intentional burn injury to the three Dutch burn centres were eligible. One interviewer conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and coded by two independent researchers. Conclusions were drawn based on generalised statements on the concerned topics. RESULTS: Four overall themes in influencing factors were found, namely 1) motivation; including non-designated use and impaired judgement, 2) knowledge and education; including unknown product and properties and information overload, 3) risk perception; including poor recognisability of risks and preferred trial and error and 4) thresholds; including easy availability and unclear liability. CONCLUSION: Trust in consumers may be over-estimated, as proper use cannot be expected. To prevent future bioethanol related burn incidents, thresholds for obtaining and using bioethanol should be increased, safe alternatives to ignite open fires and wood stoves should be provided and knowledge and warnings should be improved.

Características de las lesiones no intencionales domésticas en niños entre 5 y 10 años que residen en barrios de Corrientes Capital, 2022 / Caracteristics of non-intencional domestic injuries in childrenbetween 5 and 10 years old who live in neighborhoods of Corrientes Capital, 2022

Objetivo: caracterizar las lesiones no intencionales domésticas en el hogar en niños de 5 a 10 años en dos barrios de Corrientes, Capital en el primer semestre del año 2022. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Muestreo de tipo consecutivo. La muestra total fue de 185 encuestas aplicadas a los cuidadores principales en un período no mayor a 6 meses. Variables: edad del cuidador; sexo del cuidador; nivel educativo del cuidador principal; edad y sexo de niños/as; lesión no intencional y su frecuencia; circunstancias en que ocurren las lesiones no intencionales y modo de actuación ante el hecho de lesión no intencional. Resultados: grupo etario de los cuidadores principales de los niños/as con lesiones no intencionales fueron los adultos jóvenes (78%), siendo el género pre-dominante el femenino (78%); nivel de instrucción más alto obtenido corresponde al terciario incompleto (28%); los niños de 5 años de edad presentaron más lesiones no intencionales (27%), predominan-do el género femenino (57%). Las lesiones ocurrieron principalmente cuando se encontraban jugando (58%) y fueron principalmente las escoriaciones (20%); el modo de actuación más utilizado por los cuidadores principales correspondió a realización de primeros auxilios y posterior traslado al hospital (29%). Conclusiones: las lesiones no intencionales domésticas son muy frecuentes, entre ellas excoriaciones, quemaduras y contusiones. No hay grandes variaciones en sus tipos y frecuencias según el barrio en donde viven los infantes afectados. El modo de actuar más utilizado por el cuidador responsable ante estas lesiones son los primeros auxilios y el traslado a un hospital o cuidados en el hogar sin recurrir a un centro sanitario[AU]

Objectives: to characterize unintentional domestic injuries at home in children from 5 to 10 years old in two neighborhoods of Co-rrientes, Capital in the first semester of 2022. Methodology: obser-vational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Consecutive type sam-pling. The total sample consisted of 185 surveys applied to the main caregivers in a period not exceeding 6 months. Variables: age of the caregiver; caregiver's sex; educational level of the main caregiver; age and sex of children; unintentional injury and its frequency; cir-cumstances in which unintentional injuries occur and mode of ac-tion in the event of unintentional injury. Results: age group of the main caregivers of children with unintentional injuries were young adults (78%), with the predominant gender being female (78%); highest level of education obtained corresponds to incomplete ter-tiary (28%); 5-year-old children presented more unintentional in-juries (27%), with a predominance of the female gender (57%). The injuries occurred mainly when they were playing (58%) and were mainly abrasions (20%); The mode of action most used by the main caregivers corresponded to first aid and subsequent transfer to the hospital (29%). Conclusions: unintentional domestic injuries are very frequent, including abrasions, burns and bruises. There are no great variations in its types and frequencies depending on the neighborhood where the affected infants live. The most used mode of action by the caregiver responsible for these injuries is first aid and transfer to a hospital or home care without resorting to a heal-th center[AU]

Objectivos: caracterizar as lesões domésticas não intencionais em crianças de 5 a 10 anos em dois bairros de Corrientes, Capital, no primeiro semestre de 2022. Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal. Amostragem de tipo consecutiva. A amos-tra total foi composta por 185 inquéritos aplicados aos cuidadores principais num período não superior a 6 meses. Variáveis: idade do cuidador; sexo do cuidador; escolaridade do cuidador principal; idade e sexo das crianças; lesão não intencional e sua frequência; circunstâncias em que ocorrem lesões não intencionais e modo de ação em caso de lesão não intencional. Resultados: a faixa etária dos principais cuidadores de crianças com lesões não intencionais eram adultos jovens (78%), com predomínio do sexo feminino (78%); o maior nível de escolaridade obtido corresponde ao ensino superior incompleto (28%); As crianças de 5 anos apresentaram mais lesões não intencionais (27%), com predominância do sexo feminino (57%). As lesões ocorreram principalmente durante o jogo (58%) e foram principalmente escoriações (20%); O modo de atuação mais utilizado pelos cuidadores principais correspondeu aos primei-ros socorros e posterior transferência para o hospital (29%). Con-clusões: lesões domésticas não intencionais são muito frequentes, incluindo escoriações, queimaduras e contusões. Não há grandes variações em seus tipos e frequências dependendo do bairro onde vivem os lactentes acometidos. A forma de atuação mais utilizada pelo cuidador responsável por estas lesões são os primeiros soco-rros e a transferência para um hospital ou cuidados domiciliários sem recorrer a um centro de saúde. caregivers corresponded to first aid and subsequent transfer to the hospital (29%). Conclusions: unintentional domestic injuries are very frequent, including abrasions, burns and bruises. There are no great variations in its types and frequencies depending on the neighborhood where the affected infants live. The most used mode of action by the caregiver responsible for these injuries is first aid and transfer to a hospital or home care without resorting to a heal-th center.Keywords: unintentional injury, infants, primary caregivers, accidents, home, housing, child, preschool[AU]

Prevenção de acidentes domésticos na primeira infância: uma revisão integrativa / Preventing domestic accidents in early childhood: an integrative review / Prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia: una revisión integradora

Introdução: A primeira infância é uma fase marcada por intenso desenvolvimento infantil, com o aperfeiçoamento de habilidades motoras, cognitivas e sensoriais. Em vista disso, as crianças são expostas a riscos e portanto, cuidados devem ser redobrados para prevenir acidentes, em especial no próprio lar. Objetivos: Identificar os riscos a que as crianças são expostas, bem como os trabalhos científicos que abordam a prevenção de acidentes domésticos na primeira infância. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura conduzida nas bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF e SciELO. A avaliação, do nível de evidência dos artigos encontrados, foi obtida por meio do método Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. Resultados: Dez artigos atenderam aos critérios de busca estabelecidos. Os acidentes domésticos que se destacaram nos artigos foram: quedas, queimaduras, envenenamento e tombamento em aparelhos televisivos. Em relação ao ambiente familiar, foi notório que a maioria das famílias dos estudos analisados eram de baixa renda. Conclusão: Os pais ou responsáveis pelas crianças são essenciais para prevenir acidentes domésticos de variadas causas. Além disso, a atuação dos profissionais de saúde é primordial para desenvolver ou potencializar programas de prevenção, principalmente voltados para aqueles que são vulneráveis social ou economicamente, a fim de capacitar a população quanto à identificação e minimização dos riscos.

Introduction: Early childhood is a phase marked by intense child development, with improved motor, cognitive and sensory skills. Given this, children are exposed to risks and, therefore, must redouble care to prevent accidents, especially at home. Aim: To identify the risks to which children are exposed, as well as scientific works that address the prevention of domestic accidents in early childhood. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted in the following databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, and SciELO. The level of evidence of the articles found was assessed using the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine method. Results: Ten articles met the established search criteria. The domestic accidents that stood out in the articles were: falls, burns, poisoning, and tipping over television sets. Regarding the family environment, it was clear that most families in the analyzed studies were of low income. Conclusion: Parents or guardians of children are essential to prevent domestic accidents from various causes. In addition, the role of health professionals is necessary to develop or enhance prevention programs, mainly aimed at the socially or economically vulnerable, to train the population in identifying and minimizing risks.

Introducción: La primera infancia es una fase marcada por un intenso desarrollo infantil,con la mejora de las habilidades motoras, cognitivas y sensoriales. Así, los niños están expuestos a riesgos y, por lo tanto, los cuidados deben ser redoblados para prevenir accidentes, especialmente en el propio hogar. Objetivos: Identificar los riesgos a los que están expuestos los niños, así como trabajos científicos que aborden la prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF y SciELO. La evaluación, del nivel de evidencia de los artículos encontrados se obtuvo por medio del método Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine. Resultados: Diez artículos cumplieron con los criterios de búsqueda establecidos. Los accidentes domésticos que se destacaron en los artículos fueron: caídas, quemaduras, envenenamiento y caídas de televisión. Con relación al ambiente familiar, fue notorio que la mayoría de las familias en los estudios analizados eran de bajos ingresos. Conclusión: Los padres o responsables de los niños son fundamentales para prevenir accidentes domésticos por diversas causas. Además, el papel de los profesionales de la salud es fundamental para desarrollar o potencializar programas de prevención, principalmente dirigidos a personas en situación de vulnerabilidad social o económica, con el fin de capacitar a la población en la identificación y minimización de riesgos.

Trauma cervical penetrante con cuerpo extraño transcarotídeo / Penetrating cervical injury due to a foreign body

Introducción: los traumas vasculares civiles o domésticos constituyen una modalidad poco frecuente que seasocia fundamentalmente a cuestiones accidentales. En estos casos los sangrados pueden ser profusos, inclusoprovocar shock y muerte por hipovolemia. Caso clínico: aquí se describe el caso de un adolescente con una herida penetrante debida a un alambre en laregión cervical anterolateral derecha mientras cortaba el césped con una con una desbrozadora. Cabe destacarla reacción de quienes lo asistieron en el momento del accidente, ya que no intentaron extraer el alambre, quese movía al ritmo cardíaco. Se remitió a la guardia de emergencias. Después de una rápida evaluación clínica,radiológica y ecografía, ingresó en el quirófano para extraer el alambre con control vascular carotídeo total y rafi ade cara anterior y posterior de la carótida común. Discusión: se discute la posibilidad de haber podido extraer el cuerpo extraño sin cirugía y aplicar compresióncon eventual reparación endovascular con stent graft.

Introduction: civilian or domestic vascular traumas constitute a rare modality that is fundamentally associatedwith accidental issues. In these cases, bleeding can be profuse, even causing shock and death due to hypovolemia. Case report: here we describe a case of an adolescent who sustained a penetrating wire wound to the rightanterolateral cervical region while mowing the lawn with a brushcutter. The actions of those who assisted himat the time stand out since they did not try to remove the wire which moved to the heart rate. He was referredto the emergency room and after a rapid clinical, radiological and ultrasound evaluation, he was admitted to theoperating room in order to remove the wire during the surgical act with total carotid vascular control and raffia ofthe anterior and posterior face of the common carotid. Discussion: the possibility of having removed the foreign body without surgery and applying compression witheventual endovascular repair with a stent graft is discussed.(AU)

Infant Electrocution Due to Smartphone Charge Cable-A Hidden Public Health Risk.

ABSTRACT: The report examines the autopsy and scene of accident findings of a 9-month-old male infant who died from electric shock when he bit a telephone charge cable plugged into a 3-socket extension lead.At the time of the incident, the infant's father was working outside and his mother had gone to the bathroom, leaving the infant alone in the sitting room. The infant crawled across the floor, reached a telephone charge cable that was plugged into a 3-socket extension lead, and bit the end of the cable. He was found lying motionless on the floor, holding the cable in his hand. He was sent to center for the medicolegal autopsy, during which burns and electric shock entry wounds were found on his mouth, tongue, and right hand. Histopathological examination of the samples taken from the wounds garnered findings consistent with electric shock and thermal effect.This article presents findings of an electric shock entry wound on the tongue, which is rarely seen as the result of a domestic accident. Education is needed to increase awareness among parents about accidents in the home involving children and to encourage preference for electrical products that have shown high success in safety tests.

Intoxicación por monóxido de carbono: estudio observacional de pacientes que acudieron a Urgencias durante 2020 / Carbon monoxide poisoning: an observational study of patients admitted to Emergency Department during 2020

El objetivo fue describir las intoxicaciones monóxido de carbono. Se diseñó un corte transversal que incluyó una muestra consecutiva de mediciones de carboxihemoglobina (COHb), realizadas Enero y Diciembre 2020 en la Central de Emergencias del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se utilizaron bases secundarias y revisión manual de historias clínicas para recolección de varia-bles de interés. Durante el período de estudio hubo 20 pacientes confirmados, con media de 50 años (DE 20), 55% sexo masculino, 20% tabaquistas, y una única embarazada. El 70% correspondieron al trimestre Junio-Julio-Agosto. La fuente de intoxicación más frecuente se debió a accidentes domésticos (calefón, estufa, brasero, hornalla, salamandra) que representaron el 50% de los casos, 30% por incendios, y el 20% restante explicado por tabaco o factor desconocido. Los estudios de laboratorio más solicitados fueron: 95% recuento de glóbulos blancos, 85% glucemia, 70% CPK, y 55% troponina. Los hallazgos relevantes fueron COHb con mediana de 7.15%, CPK con mediana de 89 U/mL, y troponina con mediana de 8.5 pg/mL. La totalidad se realizó electrocardiograma: 15% presentaron arritmia como hallazgo patológico, y ninguno isquemia. En cuanto la presentación clínica: 30% presentó cefalea, 15% síncope, 15% coma, 10% mareos y 10% convulsiones. Sólo 25% tuvieron tomografía y 15% resonancia de cerebro, sin hallazgos críticos. Sin embargo, 15% fueron derivados para trata-miento con cámara hiperbárica. La mayoría ocurrieron en invierno y explicados por accidentes domésticos. Será necesario un fortalecimiento del rol preventivo que apunte al control de la instalación y el buen funcionamiento de artefactos, como mantener los ambientes bien ventilados (AU)

The objective was to describe carbon monoxide poisoning. A cross sectional was designed, which included a consecutive sample of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) measurements, carried from January to December 2020 at the Emergency Department of tHospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Secondary databases and manual review of medical records were used to collect variables of interest. During the study period there were 20 confirmed patients, with a mean age of 50 (SD 20), mostly male (55%), 20% smokers, and only one pregnant woman, 70% corresponded to June-July-August. The most frequent source of poisoning was explained to domestic accidents (water heater, stove, brazier, stove, salamander) which represented 50% of cases, 30% due to fires, and the remaining 20% by tobacco or unknown factor. The most laboratory studies were: 95% white blood cell count, 85% glycemia, 70% CPK, and 55% troponin. Meanwhile, relevant findings were carboxyhemoglobin with a median of 7.15%, CPK with a median of 89 U/mL, and troponin with a median of 8.5 pg/mL. All underwent an electrocardiogram: 15% presented arrhythmia as a pathological finding, and none ischemia. Regarding the clinical presentation: 30% presented headache, 15% syncope, 15% coma, 10% dizziness and 10% seizures. Only 25% had brain tomography and 15% MRI, without pathological findings. However, 15% were referred for treatment with a hyperbaric chamber. Most of the cases occurred in winter and explained by domestic accidents. It will be necessary to strengthen the preventive role that aims to control the installation and the proper functioning of devices, such as keeping rooms well ventilated (AU)

Older Adults' Experiences, Worries and Preventive Measures Regarding Home Hazards: A Survey on Home Safety in Sweden.

Home safety is important for preventing injuries and accidents among older adults living at home. Feeling safe at home is also essential for older adults' well-being. Thus, this study aimed to explore older adults' perceptions of safety in their homes by examining their experiences, worries and preventive measures in relation to a range of potential home-based health and safety hazards. The study was a national cross-sectional telephone survey of 400 randomly selected adults over 70 years of age living at home in ordinary housing in Sweden. Participants were asked for their experience of, worry about, and preventive measures taken regarding fifteen home hazards. Data were also collected on background variables including age, health, and cohabitation status. Falls and stab/cut injuries were the most experienced hazards and worry was highest for burglary and falls, while preventive measures were most common for fire and burglary. While older adults' experience and worry regarding home hazards were associated with preventive measures, these associations were not strong and other factors were associated with preventive behaviour. Further identification of the main determinants of older adults' preventive behaviour can contribute to policy for effectively reducing home accidents.

Tecnologias para prevenção de acidentes domésticos em crianças na primeira infância: revisão de escopo / Technologies for preventing domestic accidents in early childhood children: scoping review / Tecnologías de prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia revisión

A primeira infância é o período que compreende os primeiros seis anos de vida de uma criança. Nesse período ocorre grande parte do seu desenvolvimento físico, psicológico e cognitivo. Objetivo deste estudo foi mapear na literatura as tecnologias utilizadas para prevenção de acidentes domésticos em crianças na primeira infância. Para tal, realizou-se uma revisão de escopo seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA. Para tanto, os descritores foram "accident home", "child preschool", "accident prevention" e "technology" e descritor não controlado: "toodler". foram consultadas nos bancos de dados de periódicos da PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SCIELO, LILACS. Foram incluídos os estudos publicados a partir do ano de 2009 a 2020. Entre os 439 estudos encontrados, 68 artigos eram duplicados, e 361 não atendiam plenamente ao objetivo desta revisão; assim, 10 estudos foram submetidos à apreciação desse escopo. Dentre as tecnologias, a mais utilizadas, foi a tecnologia da informação. Também se utilizou tecnologia impressas do tipo folder, questionários, gamificação, vídeo educativo, dramatização e arteterapia. Os profissionais da saúde têm uma grande responsabilidade na prevenção dos acidentes, pois, os cuidadores depositam muita confiabilidade nestes, que facilitam através de recursos a mudança de comportamentos de risco.

Early childhood is the period comprising the first six years of a child's life. During this period, a large part of their physical, psychological and cognitive development takes place. The aim of this study was to map in the literature the technologies used to prevent domestic accidents in children in early childhood. To this end, a scoping review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. For that, the descriptors were "accident home", "child preschool", "accident prevention" and "technology" and uncontrolled descriptor: "toodler". were consulted in the journal databases of PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SCIELO, LILACS. Studies published from 2009 to 2020 were included. Among the 439 studies found, 68 articles were duplicates, and 361 did not fully meet the objective of this review; thus, 10 studies were submitted to the appreciation of this scoping review. Among the technologies, the most used was information technology. Printed technology such as folders, questionnaires, gamification, educational video, dramatization and art therapy were also used. Health professionals have a great responsibility in the prevention of accidents, as caregivers place a lot of trust in them, which facilitate the change of risk behaviors through resources.

La primera infancia es el periodo que comprende los seis primeros años de la vida de un niño. Durante este periodo tiene lugar gran parte de su desarrollo físico, psicológico y cognitivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue mapear en la literatura las tecnologías utilizadas para prevenir accidentes domésticos en niños en la primera infancia. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de alcance siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Para ello, los descriptores fueron "accident home", "child preschool", "accident prevention" y "technology" y el descriptor no controlado: "toodler". se consultaron en las bases de datos de revistas de PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, SCIELO, LILACS. Se incluyeron los estudios publicados entre 2009 y 2020. Entre los 439 estudios encontrados, 68 artículos eran duplicados y 361 no cumplían totalmente el objetivo de esta revisión; por lo tanto, 10 estudios fueron sometidos a la apreciación de esta revisión de alcance. Entre las tecnologías, la más utilizada fue la informática. También se utilizó tecnología impresa, como carpetas, cuestionarios, gamificación, vídeo educativo, dramatización y arteterapia. Los profesionales sanitarios tienen una gran responsabilidad en la prevención de accidentes, ya que los cuidadores depositan mucha confianza en ellos, lo que facilita el cambio de conductas de riesgo a través de los recursos.

Follow-up household assessment for child unintentional injuries two years after the intervention: A community-based study from Karachi, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Unintentional childhood injuries are a growing public health concern, and the home is the most common location for non-fatal injuries in children less than 5 years of age. This study describes the long-term effects of two injury prevention educational interventions for caregivers-an educational pamphlet and an in-home tutorial guide-by comparing the change in the prevalence of home injury hazards before and after the interventions. METHODS: This was a pre- (June and July 2010) and post-study with short-term follow-up (November-December 2010) and long-term follow-up (November 2012- January 2013). Neighborhood one included households that received only educational pamphlets after completing a baseline assessment; neighborhood two included households that received an in-home tutorial guide after completing the baseline assessment and receiving the educational pamphlet. The main outcome of this study was the reduction in home injury hazards for children under 5 years of age. RESULTS: A total of 312 households participated in the long-term phase to compare the effect of the interventions. Between the short-term to long-term follow-up, injury hazards significantly reduced in neighborhood two compared to neighborhood one. These included fall hazards (walker use) (IRR 0.24 [95% CI 0.08-0.71]), drowning hazards (open bucket of water in the courtyard and uncovered water pool) (IRR 0.45 [95% CI 0.85-0.98] and IRR 0.46 [95% CI 0.76-0.94]), burn hazards (iron, water heater within reach of child) (IRR 0.56 [95% CI 0.33-0.78] and IRR 0.58 [95% CI 0.32-0.91]), poisoning hazards (shampoo/soap and medicine within reach of child) (IRR 0.53 [95% CI 0.44-0.77] and IRR 0.7 [95% CI 0.44-0.98]) and breakable objects within reach of child (IRR 0.62 [95% CI: 0.39-0.99]). CONCLUSION: An injury prevention tutorial to caretakers of children supplemented with pamphlets could significantly decrease the incidence of falls, drowning, burns, poisoning, and cut injury hazards for children under 5 years of age in their homes in a low-resource setting. This intervention has the potential to be integrated in existing public health programs, such as Lady Health Visitors (LHVs), to disseminate injury prevention information in routine home health visits.

Experiencias de madres con accidentes domésticos infantiles: consideraciones a la luz del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy / Mothers’ experiences with domestic accidents in children: considerations in the light of Roy’s Adaptation Model

Objetivo principal: Describir las experiencias de las madres que vivieron accidentes domésticos que involucraron a sus hijos, a la luz del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy. Método: Estudio cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas y sometidos a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se utilizó como marco teórico el Modelo de Adaptación de Roy. Resultados principales: Participaron 17 madres, cuyos discursos fueron agrupados en tres categorías: enfrentar el desafío de salvar la vida de su hijo; reconocer el momento de (falta de) cuidado de su hijo; y aprender de sus errores. Conclusión principal: Se identificaron madres con dificultades para reconocer sus errores y posibles negligencias, que les atribuyeron la responsabilidad del accidente al hijo. Los enfermeros, cuando basan su práctica clínica en el Modelo de Adaptación de Roy, deben prestarles atención a las necesidades emocionales de los sistemas adaptativos de los involucrados.(AU)

Objective: To describe the experiences of mothers who underwent domestic accidents involving their children, in the light of Roy's Adaptation Model. Method: A qualitative study. The data were collected in the participants' homes through semi-structured interviews and submitted to the content analysis technique. Roy's Adaptation Model was used as theoretical framework. Main results: The study participants were 17 mothers, whose testimonies were grouped into three thematic categories: Facing the challenge of saving their child's life; Recognizing the moment of (lack of) care with their child; and Learning from their own mistakes. Main conclusion: Mothers with difficulties recognizing their mistakes and possible negligence were identified, attributing responsibility for the accident to their own child. When adopting Roy's Adaptation Model to anchor their clinical practice, nurses must be aware of the emotional needs of the adaptive systems of those involved.(AU)

Resiliência: avaliação de pacientes queimados em um hospital de urgência e emergência / Resilience: evaluation of burned patients in an urgency and emergency hospital / Resiliencia: evaluación de pacientes quemados en un hospital de urgencias y emergencias

A recuperação de vítimas de queimaduras é longa e dolorosa e afeta diversas esferas da vida do paciente. A resiliência, que se refere à capacidade humana de enfrentar e se adaptar a eventos adversos, exerce grande importância no processo de recuperação da queimadura. Logo, este trabalho objetiva avaliar a capacidade de resiliência de pacientes queimados, no momento da admissão e da alta hospitalar, em um hospital de emergência e urgência de Goiânia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal que utiliza a Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC) como instrumento de mensuração. Na admissão hospitalar, a média da resiliência foi de 71,35, tendo sido observada uma relação significativa entre o fator Amparo da escala CD-RISC e a presença do(a) companheiro(a). O escore de resiliência encontrado nesta pesquisa é consistente com outros achados da literatura científica internacional e nacional referente à expressão da resiliência em vítimas de queimaduras e outros adoecimentos. A relação entre o fator Amparo e a presença de um(a) companheiro(a) enfatiza a importância da rede de apoio familiar na reabilitação do paciente queimado.(AU)

The recovery of burned patients is long and painful and impacts on different areas of people's lives. Resilience, which refers to the human capacity to face and adapt to adverse events, plays a major role in the process of recovery from burns. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the resilience of burned patients, on admission and hospital discharge, in an emergency and urgency hospital in Goiânia. This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study that uses the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC) as a measuring instrument. At hospital admission, the mean resilience was 71.35, with a significant association between the Support factor on the CD RISC scale and the presence of a partner. The resilience score found in the present study is consistent with other findings in the international and national scientific literature regarding the expression of resilience in victims of burns and other illnesses. The relationship between the Support factor and the presence of a partner emphasizes the importance of the family support network in the rehabilitation of the burned patient.(AU)

La recuperación de los pacientes quemados es larga y dolorosa e impacta en diferentes esferas de la vida de las personas. La resiliencia, que se refiere a la capacidad humana para enfrentar y adaptarse a eventos adversos, juega un papel importante en el proceso de recuperación de las quemaduras. Por tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la resiliencia de los pacientes quemados, en el momento del ingreso y el alta, en un hospital de emergencia y urgencia en Goiânia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal que utiliza la Escala de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson (CD RISC) como instrumento de medida. Al ingreso hospitalario, la resiliencia media fue de 71,35, con associación significativa entre el factor Amparo de la escala CD RISC y la presencia de pareja. El puntaje de resiliencia encontrado en el presente estudio es consistente con otros hallazgos en la literatura científica nacional e internacional sobre la expresión de resiliencia en víctimas de quemaduras y otras enfermedades. La relación entre el factor Amparo y la presencia de pareja enfatiza la importancia de la red de apoyo familiar en la rehabilitación del paciente quemado.(AU)

COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: what has changed in common home accidents such as foreign bodies and corrosive injuries?

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected our lives in all areas. Due to the social isolation policies implemented during this period, the majority of parents and all school-age children spent their lives at home. This study aims to investigate the effects of pandemic and isolation on home accidents treated in our center. METHODS: Foreign body ingestion (gastric foreign bodies: G.FB), foreign body aspiration (respiratory foreign bodies: R.FB), and corrosive substance (CS) ingestion cases admitted to our hospital between March 11, 2019, and March 10, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, type and cause of home accidents, the time of the accident and the admission to the hospital, the location of the foreign body, and the follow-up data were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups: the pre-pandemic period (11 March 2019-10 March 2020) and the COVID pandemic period (11 March 2020-10 March 2021), and the data were evaluated between two groups as < 6 years old and 6-18 years old. RESULTS: During the 2 years, a total of 982 patients were admitted to our hospital for G.FB, R.FB, or CS. Four hundred and eighty-three of them (49.2%) were in the pre-pandemic period and 499 (50.8%) were in the pandemic period (p = 0.206). The mean age of the patients was 3.63 ± 3.32 years; 82.4% of the patients in the pre-pandemic group and 85.4% of the patients in the pandemic group were children < 6 years old. While the F/M ratio was 1/1.5 during the pre-pandemic period, it was 1/1.1 during the pandemic period. Of the cases, 73.3% were G.FB, 4.6% were R.FB, and 22.1% were CS. Almost half of the accidents occurred between the hours of 16 and 24. During the pandemic period, the accidents increased to occur between 0 and 8 am in children < 6 years old, and between 8 am and 4 pm in children 6-18 years old (p = 0.003). All of the home accidents in the 6-18 age group between 0 and 8 o'clock were girls (p < 0.0001). During the pandemic period, the frequency of button batteries and food products increased in G.FB. Also, the frequency of R.FB increased significantly (p = 0.006) and the most common R.FB was the food products. The frequency of CS increased in girls during the pandemic period, and CSs were brought to the hospital in a shorter time after the accident during the pandemic period (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: It can be thought that the main reason why home accidents are common in the 0-6 age group is due to the developmental characteristics of the child rather than the longer time spent at home. The pandemic and isolation increase the frequency of foreign body aspirations and home accidents in girls.

Fratura complexa de teto de órbita associada disjunção traumática do complexo zigomático / Complex Orbit Roof Fracture Associated with Traumatic Disjunction of the Zygomatic Complex / Fractura Compleja del Techo de la Órbita Asociada a Disyunción Traumática del Complejo Cigomático

Objetivo: As fraturas do complexo zigomático-maxilar (CZM) constituem as principais fraturas do terço médio da face. O diagnóstico é complexo, por envolver uma área alternente sensorial e nobre da face. Portanto o tratamento não visa apenas devolver os contornos ósseos, mas também preservar as funções oculares. No presente caso paciente apresentou severo trauma facial associado a TCE com afundamento do frontal e teto de órbita. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 33 anos, vítima de queda da própria altura. No exame físico notou-se FCC extenso em região frontal, se estendendo para a região supra-orbital esquerda, blefaroedema periorbital esquerdo, com oclusão palpebral e distopia ocular. Escoriações em face e afundamento em região fronto parietal esquerda e perda de consciência. O diagnóstico apontou para fratura do complexo zigomático-maxilar associada a afundamento do osso frontal. Paciente submetido à osteossíntese das fraturas com por meio da ferida e complementado com acesso subciliar e caldwel luc. Foi alcançada boa reabilitação estética e funcional. Conclusão: Portanto, a redução aberta com fixação funcional estável com placas e parafusos segue sendo o padrão ouro para o tratamento de fraturas complexas do CZM. Sendo imperativo uma adequada redução e o reestabelecimento do continente orbitário... (AU)

Objective: Fractures of the zygomatic-maxillary complex are the main fractures of the middle third of the face. The diagnosis is complex, as it involves an alternating sensory and noble area of the face. Therefore, the treatment is not only aimed at restoring bone contours but also preserving ocular functions. In the present case, the patient presented severe facial trauma associated with TBI with frontal and orbital sinking. Case Report: Male patient, 33 years old, victim of a fall from standing height. Physical examination revealed extensive CCF in the frontal region, extending to the left supraorbital region, left periorbital blepharoedema, with eyelid occlusion and ocular dystopia. Excoriations on the face and sinking in the left fronto-parietal region and loss of consciousness. The diagnosis pointed to fracture of the zygomatic-maxillary complex associated with frontal bone sinking. Patient undergoing osteosynthesis of fractures through the wound and complemented with subciliary access and caldwell luc. Good aesthetic and functional rehabilitation were achieved. Conclusion: Therefore, open reduction with stable functional fixation with plates and screws remains the gold standard for the treatment of complex ZMC fractures. An adequate reduction and reestablishment of the orbiting continent is imperative... (AU)

Objetivo: Las fracturas del complejo cigomático maxilar son las principales fracturas del tercio medio de la cara. El diagnóstico es complejo, ya que involucra una zona sensorial y noble alternada de la cara. Por lo tanto, el tratamiento no solo está dirigido a restaurar los contornos óseos sino también a preservar las funciones oculares. En el presente caso, el paciente presentó trauma facial severo asociado a TCE con hundimiento frontal y orbitario. Caso Clínico: Paciente masculino, 33 años, víctima de caída desde altura de pie. A la exploración física destacaba FCC extensa en región frontal, con extensión a región supraorbitaria izquierda, blefaroedema periorbitario izquierdo, con oclusión palpebral y distopía ocular. Excoriaciones en la cara y hundimiento en la región fronto-parietal izquierda y pérdida del conocimiento. El diagnóstico apuntó a fractura del complejo cigomático-maxilar asociada a hundimiento del hueso frontal. Paciente con osteosíntesis de fractura a través de herida y complemento acceso subciliar y calwell luc. Se logró una buena rehabilitación estética y funcional. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, la reducción abierta con fijación funcional estable con placas y tornillos sigue siendo el estándar de oro para el tratamiento de fracturas CCM complejas. Es imperativo una adecuada reducción y restablecimiento del continente en órbita... (AU)