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1.
J Comp Physiol B ; 194(6): 793-804, 2024 Dec.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39085644

RÉSUMÉ

The present study aimed to establish zebrafish as an experimental model for investigations into obesity and physical exercise, as well as to assess the effects of these factors on metabolism. The experiment spanned twelve weeks, comprising a feeding trial during which the last four weeks incorporated a physical exercise protocol. This protocol involved placing fifteen animals in a five-liter aquarium, where they were subjected to swimming at an approximate speed of 0.08 m/s for 30 min daily. Throughout the experiment, histological analyses of visceral, subcutaneous, and hepatic adipose tissues were conducted, along with biochemical analyses of total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides, glucose, lactate, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Additionally, oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and catalase activity and the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, were investigated. The results revealed that the group fed a high-fat diet exhibited an increase in ROS production and SOD activity. In contrast, the group administered the high-fat diet and subjected to physical exercise demonstrated a notable reduction in visceral adipocyte area, hepatic steatosis levels, ALT levels, and SOD activity. These findings indicate that physical exercise has a positive effect on obesity and oxidative stress in zebrafish, providing promising evidence for future investigations in this field.


Sujet(s)
Alimentation riche en graisse , Stress oxydatif , Conditionnement physique d'animal , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène , Superoxide dismutase , Danio zébré , Animaux , Conditionnement physique d'animal/physiologie , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène/métabolisme , Superoxide dismutase/métabolisme , Foie/métabolisme , Mâle , Tissu adipeux/métabolisme , Triglycéride/métabolisme , Triglycéride/sang , Alanine transaminase/sang , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Catalase/métabolisme , Obésité/métabolisme , Natation , Cholestérol/métabolisme , Cholestérol/sang
2.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38944269

RÉSUMÉ

The daily variations of temperature are one of the main synchronizers of the circadian rhythms. In addition, water temperature influences the embryonic and larval development of fish and directly affects their metabolic processes. The application of thermocycles to fish larvae has been reported to improve growth and the maturation of the digestive system, but their effects on metabolism are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different temperature regimes, cycling versus constant, on the daily rhythms of metabolic factors of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae. For this purpose, fertilized eggs were divided into two groups: one reared in a 31 °C:25 °C day:night thermocycle (TCY) and another group maintained in a constant 28 °C temperature (CTE). The photoperiod was set to a 12:12 h light/dark cycle. Samples were collected every 4 h during a 24-h cycle on days 4, 8 and 13 post fertilization (dpf). The expression levels of alanine aminotransferase (alt), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase (pk) were analyzed by qPCR. Results showed that, in 13 dpf animals, most of the genes analyzed (alt, ast, malic, g6pd and pfk) showed daily rhythms in TCY, but not in the group kept at constant temperature, with most acrophases detected during the feeding period. An increase in nutrient metabolism around feeding time can improve food utilization and thus increase larval performance. Therefore, the use of thermocycles is recommended for tilapia larviculture.


Sujet(s)
Cichlides , Rythme circadien , Température , Animaux , Cichlides/croissance et développement , Cichlides/métabolisme , Cichlides/physiologie , Cichlides/génétique , Rythme circadien/physiologie , Larve/croissance et développement , Larve/métabolisme , Photopériode , Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/métabolisme , Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase/génétique , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme
3.
Braz J Microbiol ; 55(2): 1753-1758, 2024 Jun.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38532186

RÉSUMÉ

Microbial pigments are considered as one of the main sources of natural types, and the attention to them is increasing in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pigments extracted from Micrococcus roseus (PEM) on the gene expression of a and b staphylococcal enterotoxins (sea and seb) and their acute toxicity. Real-time PCR was used to study the anti-enterotoxigenic activity of PEM against Staphylococcus aureus at sub-inhibitory concentrations. In addition, the acute toxicity of PEM was evaluated on albino mice through alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferas (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of liver and its histopathological changes. Based on the results, the expression of sea and seb was decreased in the presence of PEM at sub-inhibitory concentrations. The 2-∆∆CT was measured 0.02 and 0.01 for the expression of sea and seb of S. aureus grown in the MHB containing 16 mg/ml PEM. The results showed that the expression of seb is more sensitive to PEM compared to the expression of sea. After treatment of mice with PEM for two weeks, the condition of mice was normal, and the results of liver enzymatic activities and histopathological changes showed insignificant difference compared to the control sample.


Sujet(s)
Entérotoxines , Foie , Pigments biologiques , Staphylococcus aureus , Animaux , Souris , Staphylococcus aureus/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Staphylococcus aureus/génétique , Foie/anatomopathologie , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Entérotoxines/génétique , Entérotoxines/toxicité , Entérotoxines/métabolisme , Micrococcus/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Micrococcus/génétique , Antibactériens/pharmacologie , Antibactériens/toxicité , Infections à staphylocoques/microbiologie , Mâle , Phosphatase alcaline/génétique , Phosphatase alcaline/métabolisme , Tests de sensibilité microbienne , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Alanine transaminase/sang
4.
Acta Histochem ; 126(1): 152117, 2024 Jan.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38016413

RÉSUMÉ

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is used in studies related to cell proliferation and neurogenesis. The multiple intraperitoneal injections of this molecule could favor liver function profile changes. In this study, we evaluate the systemic and hepatocellular impact of BrdU in male adult Wistar rats in 30 %-partial hepatectomy (PHx) model. The rats received BrdU 50 mg/Kg by intraperitoneal injection at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16 days after 30 %-PH. The rats were distributed into four groups as follows, control, sham, PHx/BrdU(-) and PHx/BrdU(+). On day 16, we evaluated hepatocellular nuclei and analyzed histopathological features by haematoxylin-eosin stain and apoptotic profile was qualified by caspase-3 presence. The systemic effect was evaluated by liver markers such as alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), bilirubin, total proteins and serum albumin content. The statistical analysis consisted of a student t-test and one-way ANOVA. BrdU did not induce apoptosis or hepatocellular damage in male rats. Multiple administrations of BrdU in male rats did not induce significant decrease body weight, but increased serum ALT and LDH levels were found. Our results show that the BrdU does not produce hepatocellular damage.


Sujet(s)
Carcinome hépatocellulaire , Tumeurs du foie , Rats , Mâle , Animaux , Rat Wistar , Broxuridine/pharmacologie , Carcinome hépatocellulaire/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs du foie/anatomopathologie , Foie/anatomopathologie , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Alanine transaminase/pharmacologie , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Aspartate aminotransferases/pharmacologie
5.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37047897

RÉSUMÉ

The long-term laboratory aspects of the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on liver function are still not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hepatic clinical laboratory profile of patients with up to 20 months of long-term COVID-19. A total of 243 patients of both sexes aged 18 years or older admitted during the acute phase of COVID-19 were included in this study. Liver function analysis was performed. Changes were identified in the mean levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and ferritin. A ferritin level of >300 U/L was observed in the group that presented more changes in liver function markers (ALT, AST, and GGT). Age ≥ 60 years, male sex, AST level > 25 U/L, and GGT level ≥ 50 or 32 U/L were associated with an ALT level > 29 U/L. A correlation was found between ALT and AST, LDH, GGT, and ferritin. Our findings suggest that ALT and AST levels may be elevated in patients with long-term COVID-19, especially in those hospitalised during the acute phase. In addition, an ALT level > 29 U/L was associated with changes in the levels of other markers of liver injury, such as LDH, GGT, and ferritin.


Sujet(s)
COVID-19 , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , COVID-19/épidémiologie , Études transversales , Foie/métabolisme , Tests de la fonction hépatique , gamma-Glutamyltransferase , Ferritines , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme
6.
Environ Toxicol ; 37(11): 2683-2691, 2022 Nov.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35920046

RÉSUMÉ

Microcystins (MC) are hepatotoxic for organisms. Liver MC accumulation and structural change are intensely studied, but the functional hepatic enzymes and energy metabolism have received little attention. This study investigated the liver and hepatocyte structures and the activity of key hepatic functional enzymes with emphasis on energetic metabolism changes after subchronic fish exposure to cyanobacterial crude extract (CE) containing MC. The Neotropical erythrinid fish, Hoplias malabaricus, were exposed intraperitoneally to CE containing 100 µg MC-LR eq kg-1 for 30 days and, thereafter, the plasma, liver, and white muscle was sampled for analyses. Liver tissue lost cellular structure organization showing round hepatocytes, hyperemia, and biliary duct obstruction. At the ultrastructural level, the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum exhibited disorganization. Direct and total bilirubin increased in plasma. In the liver, the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) increased, and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased; AST increased in plasma. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were unchanged in the liver, muscle, and plasma. Glycogen stores and the energetic metabolites as glucose, lactate, and pyruvate decrease in the liver; pyruvate decreased in plasma and lactate decreased in muscle. Ammonia levels increased and protein concentration decreased in plasma. CE alters liver morphology by causing hepatocyte intracellular disorder, obstructive cholestasis, and dysfunction in the activity of key liver enzymes. The increasing energy demand implies glucose mobilization and metabolic adjustments maintaining protein preservation and lipid recruitment to supply the needs for detoxification allowing fish survival.


Sujet(s)
Characiformes , Cyanobactéries , Maladies du foie , Acid phosphatase/métabolisme , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Phosphatase alcaline/métabolisme , Ammoniac , Animaux , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Bilirubine/métabolisme , Mélanges complexes/métabolisme , Mélanges complexes/toxicité , Cyanobactéries/métabolisme , Glucose/métabolisme , Glycogène/métabolisme , Lactates , Lipides , Foie/métabolisme , Maladies du foie/métabolisme , Microcystines/métabolisme , Microcystines/toxicité , Pyruvates/métabolisme
7.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 153: 112263, 2021 Jul.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34015426

RÉSUMÉ

In this study, the changes in oncogenic and tumor suppressor signaling pathways in liver and their association with serum and urinary biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure were evaluated in Wistar rats fed diets containing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for 90 days. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 15 per group) and assigned to dietary treatments containing 0 (control), 50 (AFB50), 100 (AFB100) and 200 µg AFB1 kg-1 diet (AFB200). Multiple preneoplastic foci of hepatocytes marked with glutathione-S-transferase-placental form (GST-P) were identified in AFB100 and AFB200 groups. Hepatocellular damage induced by AFB1 resulted in overexpression of cyclin D1 and ß-catenin. The liver expression of retinoblastoma (Rb) and p27Kip1 decreased in AFB100 and AFB200 groups, confirming the favorable conditions for neoplastic progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. All samples from rats fed AFB1-contaminated diets had quantifiable AFB1-lysine in serum or urinary AFM1 and AFB1-N7-guanine, with mean levels of 20.42-50.34 ng mL-1, 5.31-37.68 and 39.15-126.37 ng mg-1 creatinine, respectively. Positive correlations were found between AFB1-lysine, AFM1 or AFB1-N7-guanine and GST-P+, ß-catenin+ and cyclin D1+ hepatocytes, while Rb + cells negatively correlated with those AFB1 exposure biomarkers. The pathways evaluated are critical molecular mechanisms of AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.


Sujet(s)
Aflatoxine B1/toxicité , Cycline D1/métabolisme , Inhibiteur p27 de kinase cycline-dépendante/métabolisme , Protéine du rétinoblastome/métabolisme , bêta-Caténine/métabolisme , Aflatoxine B1/analogues et dérivés , Aflatoxine B1/sang , Aflatoxine B1/métabolisme , Aflatoxine B1/urine , Aflatoxine M1/urine , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Marqueurs biologiques/sang , Marqueurs biologiques/urine , Expression des gènes/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Guanine/analogues et dérivés , Guanine/urine , Hépatocytes/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Foie/anatomopathologie , Lysine/sang , Mâle , États précancéreux/induit chimiquement , États précancéreux/anatomopathologie , Rat Wistar
8.
Mol Nutr Food Res ; 65(9): e2000863, 2021 05.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33651486

RÉSUMÉ

SCOPE: Nutritional supplementation of the maternal diet can modify the cancer susceptibility in adult offspring. Therefore, the authors evaluate the effects of a fish-oil diet administered to a long-term, during pre-mating, gestation, and lactation, in reducing cancer-cachexia damages in adult Walker-256 tumor-bearing offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS: Female rats receive control or fish oil diet during pre-mating, gestation, and lactation. After weaning, male offspring are fed the control diet until adulthood and distributed in (C) control adult-offspring; (W) adult tumor-bearing offspring; (OC) adult-offspring of maternal fish oil diet; (WOC) adult tumor-bearing offspring of maternal fish oil diet groups. Fat body mass is preserved, muscle expression of mechanistic target of rapamicin (mTOR) and eukariotic binding protein of eukariotic factor 4E (4E-BP1) is modified, being associated with lower 20S proteasome protein expression, and the liver alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme content maintained in the WOC group. Also, the OC group shows reduced triglyceridemia. CONCLUSION: In this experimental model of cachexia, the long-term maternal supplementation is a positive strategy to improve liver function and lipid metabolism, as well as to modify muscle proteins expression in the mTOR pathway and also reduce the 20S muscle proteasome protein, without altering the tumor development and muscle wasting in adult tumor-bearing offspring.


Sujet(s)
Cachexie/prévention et contrôle , Carcinosarcome Walker 256/complications , Huiles de poisson/administration et posologie , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Composition corporelle , Carcinosarcome Walker 256/métabolisme , Compléments alimentaires , Femelle , Lactation , Mâle , Protéines du muscle/métabolisme , Rats , Rat Wistar , Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR/physiologie , Triglycéride/sang
9.
Protein Pept Lett ; 28(7): 781-787, 2021.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33504292

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: Brazilian flora is rich in plants with medicinal properties, which though popular, has contributed to the development of a range of phytotherapic products that use plants to treat and cure diseases. However, studies that use Brazilian plants in the treatment of metabolic disorders are still scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hepatotoxicity Lafoensia pacari on the metabolism of mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet and to verify the phytochemical difference between the Lafoensia pacari bark of the trunk, leaves, and branches. METHODS: The plant material was collected from April to May in the municipality of Bonito de Minas, MG, Brazil. Qualitative tests for the presence of secondary metabolite classes were performed for leaves, branches and bark of the trunk. Through histological analysis, we evaluated hepatocytes and cell lesions in the liver. RESULTS: The comparative phytochemical analysis of the plant did not reveal alterations between the different plant parts. The phytochemical test showed that is preferable to use the leaves to make the extract to be applied, aiming to reduce the plant aggression. After treatment, greater changes were observed in the animals that received the high-fat diet and the hydroethanolic extract; the levels of AST, ALT, albumin and creatinine that were increased, thus demonstrating a possible toxicity. There were no significant differences in body weight. In the histological analysis, the animals without plant treatment displayed decreased liver weight and reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION: We conclude that Lafoensia pacari should be better evaluated for oral consumption and may cause liver damage.


Sujet(s)
Agents antiobésité/toxicité , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Lythraceae/composition chimique , Obésité/traitement médicamenteux , Extraits de plantes/toxicité , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Albumines/métabolisme , Alcaloïdes/isolement et purification , Alcaloïdes/toxicité , Animaux , Agents antiobésité/composition chimique , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Poids/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Brésil , Créatinine/métabolisme , Alimentation riche en graisse/effets indésirables , Flavonoïdes/isolement et purification , Flavonoïdes/toxicité , Glutathione peroxidase/métabolisme , Hépatocytes/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Hépatocytes/métabolisme , Hépatocytes/anatomopathologie , Foie/métabolisme , Foie/anatomopathologie , Mâle , Souris , Obésité/étiologie , Obésité/métabolisme , Obésité/anatomopathologie , Phénols/isolement et purification , Phénols/toxicité , Écorce/composition chimique , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Feuilles de plante/composition chimique , Tiges de plante/composition chimique , Métabolisme secondaire , Superoxide dismutase/métabolisme , Glutathione Peroxydase GPX1
10.
Protein Pept Lett ; 28(7): 769-780, 2021.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33511923

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: Solanum lycocarpum is a medicinal plant used in Brazil with hypoglycemic activity by its fruits use. However, the fruits production is restricted in some periods of the year, differently of leaves. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. lycocarpum leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum was characterized by phytochemical and GCMS analysis. The Antidiabetic activity was assessed following treatment for 22 days with S. lycocarpum extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Bodyweight, water, and food intake, glycemia, biochemical parameters, anatomy-histopathology of the pancreas, liver and kidney, and expression of target genes were analyzed. In addition, oral acute toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS: Animals treated showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in glycemia following a dose of 125 mg/kg. Food intake remained similar for all groups. Decreased polydipsia symptoms were observed after treatment with 250 (p < 0.001) and 500 mg/kg (p < 0.01) compared with diabetic control, although normal rates were observed when 125 mg/kg was administered. A protective effect was also observed in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, through the regeneration of the islets. Hypoglycemic activity can be attributed to myo-inositol, which stimulates insulin secretion, associated with α-tocopherol, which prevents damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis of ß-pancreatic cells by an increased Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA expression. The toxicological test demonstrated safe oral use of the extract under the present conditions. CONCLUSION: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum promotes the regulation of diabetes in the case of moderate glycemic levels, by decreasing glycemia and exerting protective effects on the islets.


Sujet(s)
Complications du diabète/traitement médicamenteux , Diabète expérimental/traitement médicamenteux , Hypoglycémiants/pharmacologie , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Solanum/composition chimique , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Phosphatase alcaline/métabolisme , Alloxane/administration et posologie , Animaux , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Glycémie/métabolisme , Poids/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Catalase/métabolisme , Complications du diabète/métabolisme , Complications du diabète/anatomopathologie , Diabète expérimental/induit chimiquement , Diabète expérimental/métabolisme , Diabète expérimental/anatomopathologie , Consommation de boisson/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Consommation alimentaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Hypoglycémiants/composition chimique , Inositol/pharmacologie , Rein/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Rein/métabolisme , Rein/anatomopathologie , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Foie/métabolisme , Foie/anatomopathologie , Mâle , Souris , Pancréas/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Pancréas/métabolisme , Pancréas/anatomopathologie , Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase/métabolisme , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Feuilles de plante/composition chimique , alpha-Tocophérol/pharmacologie
11.
Ann Hepatol ; 19(6): 614-621, 2020.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32920162

RÉSUMÉ

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread rapidly across the world. In our study, we aim to investigate the relationship between the liver enzymes on admission (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) and severity of COVID-19. We evaluated course of disease, hospital stay, liver damage and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 614 patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of COVID-19 between 03.16.20 and 05.12.20. Patients with liver disease, hematological and solid organ malignancy with liver metastases were excluded, resulting in 554 patients who met our inclusion criteria. We retrospectively evaluated liver transaminase levels, AST/ALT ratio, cholestatic enzyme levels and R ratio during hospital admission and these were compared in terms of morbidity, mortality and clinical course. RESULTS: Mean age of 554 subjects were 66.21±15.45 years, 328 (59.2%) were men. The mean values of liver enzymes on admission were AST (36.2±33.6U/L), ALT (34.01±49.34U/L), ALP (78.8±46.86U/L), GGT (46.25±60.05U/L). Mortality rate and need for intensive care unit were statistically significant in subjects that had high ALT-AST levels during their admission to the hospital (p=0.001). According to the ROC analysis AST/ALT ratio was a good marker of mortality risk (AUC=0.713: p=0.001) and expected probability of intensive care unit admission (AUC=0.636: p=0.001). R ratio, which was used to evaluate prognosis, showed a poor prognosis rate of 26.5% in the cholestatic injury group, 36.1% in the mixed pattern group and 30% in the hepato-cellular injury group (p 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ALT-AST elevation and AST/ALT ratio >1 was associated with more severe course and increased mortality in COVID-19.


Sujet(s)
Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Betacoronavirus , Infections à coronavirus/enzymologie , Infections à coronavirus/mortalité , Maladies du foie/virologie , Pneumopathie virale/enzymologie , Pneumopathie virale/mortalité , Adulte , Sujet âgé , COVID-19 , Infections à coronavirus/complications , Femelle , Hospitalisation , Humains , Maladies du foie/diagnostic , Maladies du foie/mortalité , Tests de la fonction hépatique , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Pandémies , Pneumopathie virale/complications , Pronostic , Études rétrospectives , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilité et spécificité , Taux de survie , Turquie
12.
J Food Sci ; 85(7): 2236-2244, 2020 Jul.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32609891

RÉSUMÉ

The objective of the present work was to evaluate and compare the effect of toasted white and tannin sorghum flours on lipid metabolism and antioxidant potential in vivo. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were induced to oxidative stress with paracetamol and fed a normal diet (AIN-93M) and diets containing toasted tannin sorghum flour and toasted white sorghum flour (without tannins), replacing 100% cellulose, during 29 days. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by biochemical tests and by quantifying oxidative stress markers. Groups that received toasted sorghum flour with and without tannins showed reduction of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration and improvement of lipid profile, with increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to paracetamol control, and did not differ statistically from the AIN-93M control. Moreover, toasted white sorghum flour presented similar efficacy in reducing oxidative stress in liver tissue compared to toasted tannin sorghum flour, although the former had lower total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, suggesting a greater effect of small phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, in the prevention of oxidative stress. Therefore, toasted white and tannin sorghum flours had similar efficacy to improve the lipid profile and oxidative stress in rats treated with paracetamol, constituting potential sources of antioxidants, which can be used as promising ready-to-eat foods and as ingredients for the development of sorghum-based products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The health benefits of sorghum coupled with the growing interest of the food industry in producing healthier food products have motivated the development of toasted sorghum flours as potential sources of antioxidants and dietary fiber. We have demonstrated that consumption of toasted white and tannin sorghum flours by rats treated with paracetamol had similar efficacy to improve oxidative stress and lipid profile. Thus, these toasted sorghum flours have great potential to be used by the food industry as ready-to-eat foods or as ingredients in the development of various food products.


Sujet(s)
Farine/analyse , Métabolisme lipidique , Stress oxydatif , Sorghum/métabolisme , Tanins/métabolisme , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Antioxydants/métabolisme , Cuisine (activité) , Fibre alimentaire/analyse , Fibre alimentaire/métabolisme , Lipoprotéines HDL/métabolisme , Foie/métabolisme , Mâle , Oxydoréduction , Phénols/analyse , Phénols/métabolisme , Rats , Rats de lignée SHR , Sorghum/composition chimique
13.
Nanotoxicology ; 14(7): 893-907, 2020 09.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32529924

RÉSUMÉ

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an intratesticular injection of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on reproductive parameters and health of rats, and to evaluate the AgNPs biodistribution in order to develop a nanotechnological contraceptive agent for male animals. Treated animals received 220 µL of AgNPs solution (0.46 µg-Ag/ml) in each testicle and were euthanized: seven, 14, 28, and 56 days after injection. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the percentage of motile sperm in D7 (8.8%) was observed, comparing to the control (73.3%), D14 (86.0%), D28 (68.2%), and D56 (90.0%) groups. D7 group also presented a decrease (p < 0.05) in the percentage of normal spermatozoa. Additionally, D7 group showed an increase (p < 0.05) in abnormal midpiece and sperm head morphology compared to the Control group. Seminiferous tubules presented all germline cell types and spermatozoa for all groups. However, D7 group did not present spermatozoa in the epididymis, whereas some spermatozoa and cellular debris were visible in D14 and D28 groups. All animals presented hematological parameters, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase values within the normal limits for Wistar rats. The percentage of silver found in the liver was always higher than in the other organs analyzed. A pioneering mathematical model is proposed, from which the half-life time of silver in the liver (17 days), spleen (23 days), lungs (30 days), and kidneys (35 days) was extracted. In conclusion, some acute and severe toxic effects were observed in sperm cells following intratesticular injection of AgNPs, although these effects were reversible. No adverse effects to general animal health were observed.


Sujet(s)
Nanoparticules métalliques/toxicité , Reproduction/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Argent/toxicité , Spermatozoïdes/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Testicule/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Épididyme/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Épididyme/métabolisme , Rein/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Rein/métabolisme , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Foie/métabolisme , Mâle , Nanoparticules métalliques/administration et posologie , Rats , Rat Wistar , Argent/administration et posologie , Argent/pharmacocinétique , Spermatozoïdes/métabolisme , Rate/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Rate/métabolisme , Testicule/métabolisme , Distribution tissulaire
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(11)2020 Jun 09.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32526845

RÉSUMÉ

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a pharmacological alternative with great potential for reducing the deleterious effects of surgical procedures on patients with steatohepatitis. We evaluated the effect of NAC on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks-old, weighing 25-30 g, with steatohepatitis induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Groups: MCD group (steatohepatitis), MCD-I/R group (steatohepatitis plus 30 min of 70% liver ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion), MCD-I/R+NAC group (same as MCD-I/R group plus 150 mg/kg NAC 15 min before ischemia), and control group (normal AIN-93M diet). Liver enzymes and histopathology; nitrite and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) levels; pro-inflammatory cytokines; antioxidants enzymes; Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2) expression; and apoptosis were evaluated. In the group treated with NAC, reductions in inflammatory infiltration; AST (aspartate aminotransferase), nitrite, and TBARS levels; GPx (gutathione peroxidase) activity; cytokines synthesis; and number of apoptotic cells were observed while the GR (glutathione reductase) activity was increased. No differences were observed in Nfr2 expression or in SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GST (glutathione S-transferase) activities. Thus, it may be concluded that NAC exerts beneficial effects on mice livers with steatohepatitis submitted to I/R by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell death.


Sujet(s)
Acétylcystéine/pharmacologie , Stéatose hépatique non alcoolique/traitement médicamenteux , Lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion/traitement médicamenteux , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Antioxydants/métabolisme , Apoptose/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Mort cellulaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Cytokines/métabolisme , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Foie/enzymologie , Foie/anatomopathologie , Souris de lignée C57BL , Facteur-2 apparenté à NF-E2/métabolisme , Stéatose hépatique non alcoolique/métabolisme , Stéatose hépatique non alcoolique/physiopathologie , Stress oxydatif/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion/métabolisme , Lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion/anatomopathologie
15.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 103(1): 169-174, 2020 07.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32431268

RÉSUMÉ

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) genotype III is endemic in the western Amazon basin and is considered to cause the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. Recently, noninvasive fibrosis scores to determine the stage of liver fibrosis have been evaluated in individuals positive for HDV genotype I, but their utility in HDV genotype III-positive patients is unknown. In this retrospective study conducted in an outpatient viral hepatitis referral clinic in the Brazilian Amazon region, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Fibrosis Index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB-4) values were calculated and compared with histological fibrosis stages. Among the 50 patients analyzed, the median age at liver biopsy was 35.6 years, 66% were male, and all had compensated liver disease. Histological staging revealed fibrosis stages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 in four (8%), eight (16%), 11 (22), 11 (22%), and 16 (32%) patients, respectively. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of AST-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, APRI, and FIB-4 for detection of significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was 0.550 (P = 0.601), 0.853 (P < 0.001), and 0.853 (P < 0.0001), respectively. Lower AUROC values were obtained for cirrhosis: the AST-to-ALT ratio was 0.640 (P = 0.114), APRI was 0.671 (P = 0.053), and FIB-4 was 0.701 (P = 0.023). The optimal cutoff value for significant fibrosis for APRI was 0.708 (sensitivity 84% and specificity 92%) and for FIB-4 was 1.36 (sensitivity 76% and specificity 92%). Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index and FIB-4 were less useful to predict cirrhosis. In contrast to recent reports from Europe and North America, both APRI and FIB-4 may identify significant fibrosis in HDV-III-infected patients from northwestern Brazil.


Sujet(s)
Virus de l'hépatite B/pathogénicité , Hépatite B/diagnostic , Hépatite D/diagnostic , Virus de l'hépatite delta/pathogénicité , Cirrhose du foie/diagnostic , Adulte , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Aire sous la courbe , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Marqueurs biologiques/analyse , Plaquettes/anatomopathologie , Plaquettes/virologie , Brésil , Maladie chronique , Co-infection , Femelle , Hépatite B/enzymologie , Hépatite B/anatomopathologie , Hépatite B/virologie , Hépatite D/enzymologie , Hépatite D/anatomopathologie , Hépatite D/virologie , Humains , Cirrhose du foie/enzymologie , Cirrhose du foie/anatomopathologie , Cirrhose du foie/virologie , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Patients en consultation externe , Numération des plaquettes , Courbe ROC , Études rétrospectives , Sensibilité et spécificité , Indice de gravité de la maladie
16.
PLoS One ; 15(2): e0228729, 2020.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32053633

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: There is a correlation between the endocannabinoid system and hepatic fibrosis based on the activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors; where CB1 has profibrogenic effects. Gene therapy with a plasmid carrying a shRNA for CB1 delivered by hydrodynamic injection has the advantage of hepatic tropism, avoiding possible undesirable effects of CB1 pharmacological inhibition. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hydrodynamics-based liver transfection in an experimental model of liver cirrhosis of a plasmid with the sequence of a shRNA for CB1 and its antifibrogenic effects. METHODS: Three shRNA (21pb) were designed for blocking CB1 mRNA at positions 877, 1232 and 1501 (pshCB1-A, B, C). Sequences were cloned in the pENTR™/U6. Safety was evaluated monitoring CB1 expression in brain tissue. The silencing effect was determined in rat HSC primary culture and CCl4 cirrhosis model. Hydrodynamic injection in cirrhotic liver was through iliac vein and with a dose of 3mg/kg plasmid. Serum levels of liver enzymes, mRNA levels of TGF-ß1, Col IA1 and α-SMA and the percentage of fibrotic tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: Hydrodynamic injection allows efficient CB1 silencing in cirrhotic livers and pshCB1-B (position 1232) demonstrated the main CB1-silencing. Using this plasmid, mRNA level of fibrogenic molecules and fibrotic tissue considerably decrease in cirrhotic animals. Brain expression of CB1 remained unaltered. CONCLUSION: Hydrodynamics allows a hepatotropic and secure transfection in cirrhotic animals. The sequence of the shCB1-B carried in a plasmid or any other vector has the potential to be used as therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.


Sujet(s)
Extinction de l'expression des gènes , Hydrodynamique , Cirrhose du foie/anatomopathologie , Petit ARN interférent/métabolisme , Récepteur cannabinoïde de type CB1/métabolisme , Actines/génétique , Actines/métabolisme , Alanine transaminase/sang , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Aspartate aminotransferases/sang , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Encéphale/métabolisme , Cellules cultivées , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Cellules étoilées du foie/cytologie , Cellules étoilées du foie/métabolisme , Foie/métabolisme , Mâle , Plasmides/métabolisme , Petit ARN interférent/administration et posologie , Rats , Rat Wistar , Récepteur cannabinoïde de type CB1/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Récepteur cannabinoïde de type CB1/génétique , Transfection , Facteur de croissance transformant bêta-1/génétique , Facteur de croissance transformant bêta-1/métabolisme
17.
Ann Hepatol ; 19(2): 197-203, 2020.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31587984

RÉSUMÉ

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to confirm whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the levels of liver enzymes would increase the risk of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM) in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10,741 individuals was enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the Hazard ratios (HRs) to evaluate the relationships between HBV infection and the risk of DM and prediabetes. Decision trees and dose response analysis were used to explore the effects of liver enzymes levels on DM and prediabetes. RESULTS: In baseline population, HBV infection ratio was 5.31%. In non-adjustment model, the HR of DM in HBV infection group was 1.312 (95% CI, 0.529-3.254). In model adjusted for gender, age and liver cirrhosis, the HR of DM in HBV infection group were 1.188 (95% CI, 0.478-2.951). In model adjusted for gender, age, liver cirrhosis, smoking, drinking, the HR of DM was 1.178 (95% CI, 0.473-2.934). In model further adjusted for education, family income and occupation, the HR of DM was 1.230 (95% CI, 0.493-3.067). With the increases of levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), the risk of prediabetes was gradually increasing (Pnon-linearity<0.05). There were dose-response relationships between ALT, GGT and the risk of DM (Pnon-linearity<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HBV infection was not associated with the risk of prediabetes and DM. The levels of liver enzymes increased the risk of prediabetes and DM.


Sujet(s)
Diabète/épidémiologie , Hépatite B chronique/épidémiologie , État prédiabétique/épidémiologie , Adulte , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Chine/épidémiologie , Études de cohortes , Arbres de décision , Femelle , Hépatite B chronique/métabolisme , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Modèles des risques proportionnels , Études prospectives , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/métabolisme
18.
Sportverletz Sportschaden ; 34(2): 84-95, 2020 Jun.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31594023

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: In order to provide additional information on the behaviour of biochemical parameters related to stress responses to a specific long-term competition, we aimed to compare the stressful effects of a long-lasting competition on physiological variables in men and women. METHODS: This is a prospective observational analytical study. Twenty-five professional athletes, 15 men and 10 women, travelled 460 km for 4 days in an international edition of the Ecomotion/Pro AR World. RESULTS: After the competition, we detected an increase in α-amylase and cortisol levels and a decrease in salivary immunoglobulin A (lgA) levels. The relative percentage changes in α-amylase, IgA and cortisol levels were significantly higher in women than in men, whereas women had lower relative percentage changes in glucose and lactate levels compared with men. There was a decrease in lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts, with relative percentage decreases in lymphocytes and monocytes being significantly higher in female athletes than in males. There were increases in the serum activities of total creatine kinase (CK), the creatine kinase myocardial isoform (CKMB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the end of the test, with significantly higher elevations of total CK, CKMB and LDH in men and ALT in women. CONCLUSION: Long-lasting competition induced stress, muscle damage, anaemia and changes in the immune system. Women had more intense responses of cortisol and leukocytes.


Sujet(s)
Marqueurs biologiques/sang , Course à pied/physiologie , Stress physiologique/physiologie , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Creatine kinase/métabolisme , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Études prospectives
19.
Ann Hepatol ; 19(2): 172-178, 2020.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31711915

RÉSUMÉ

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The omega-3 fatty acids (ω3), EPA and DHA, have been described for their beneficial effects on metabolism and inflammation. In addition, they are interesting tools in the treatment of acute liver disease. This investigation was conducted to assess the effect of EPA+DHA administration before partial ischemia (IR) on survival and liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented for 7 days with ω3 [EPA (270mg/kg) and DHA (180mg/kg)]; controls received saline solution. After EPA+DHA supplementation, liver IR was induced by temporarily occluding the blood supply for 1h, followed up by 48h of reperfusion. Control animals were subjected to sham laparotomy. RESULTS: Previous to IR, the EPA+DHA administration improved the rate and prolonged the survival time by decreasing the AST and ALT levels and improving liver degenerative changes generated by the IR, which decreased TNF-α and IL-1ß. In addition, IL-10 increased at 20h with a tendency to normalize at 48h. The IR group had no differences in the IL-10 levels compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: The ω3 supplementation could prevent and promote the restoration of the liver tissue and significantly improve the survival rate in rats at 48h.


Sujet(s)
Acide docosahexaénoïque/pharmacologie , Acide eicosapentanoïque/pharmacologie , Maladies du foie/métabolisme , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion/métabolisme , Alanine transaminase/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Aspartate aminotransferases/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Dinoprost/analogues et dérivés , Dinoprost/métabolisme , Interleukine-10/génétique , Interleukine-10/métabolisme , Interleukine-1 bêta/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Interleukine-1 bêta/génétique , Interleukine-1 bêta/métabolisme , Interleukine-6/génétique , Ischémie , Foie/vascularisation , Foie/métabolisme , Foie/anatomopathologie , Maladies du foie/anatomopathologie , Mâle , ARN messager/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , ARN messager/métabolisme , Rats , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Lésion d'ischémie-reperfusion/anatomopathologie , RT-PCR , Taux de survie , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/génétique , Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha/métabolisme
20.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 117: 109140, 2019 Sep.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31387195

RÉSUMÉ

Previously non-isolated compounds (scopoletin and ß-D-Glucopyranoside, (1R)-O-isopropyl 6-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-ß-D-xylopyranosyl)-2,3,4-triacetate) were isolated from an organic extract of the Cnidoscolus chayamansa stem. Also, lupeol acetate (main compound, 49.7 mg/g of dry extract) and scopoletin (0.19 mg/g of dry extract) were quantified by HPLC analysis from this organic extract. The protective activity of the C. chayamansa organic extract against hepatotoxicity induced by antitubercular drugs [Rifampicin (50 mg/kg), Isoniazid (50 mg/kg), and Pyrazinamide (100 mg/kg)] are reported. The extract was tested at 200 and 400 mg/kg in Balb/C mice during 85 days, using silymarin (2.5 mg/kg) as positive control. Liver damage was determined using biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP, CHOL, HDL TG, Urea, and CREA), histological analysis, and evaluation of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, Gpx, Lpx and POx). The extract at both doses favored body weight gain with respect to the anti-TB group; the dose of 200 mg/kg was better. Also, the extract at both doses decreased the values of transaminases (AST, ALT) enzymes (p < 0.05) vs. anti-TB group. In oxidative stress parameters, the SOD value was decreased, as were the levels of peroxidation of lipids and oxidative protein in the group with C. chayamansa extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg vs. the anti-TB group. Histological analyses from liver showed the absence of steatosis in the extract group at 400 mg/kg, and moderate steatosis in the silymarin and extract (at 200 mg/kg) groups with respect to anti-TB group, which demonstrated a steatosis. It should be noted that during the study period, none of the treated mice died. In conclusion, the CHCl3: MeOH extract of C. chayamansa has a hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by anti-TB drugs.


Sujet(s)
Antituberculeux/effets indésirables , Lésions hépatiques dues aux substances/traitement médicamenteux , Euphorbiaceae/composition chimique , Foie/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Alanine transaminase/métabolisme , Animaux , Antioxydants/métabolisme , Aspartate aminotransferases/métabolisme , Lésions hépatiques dues aux substances/métabolisme , Foie/métabolisme , Tests de la fonction hépatique/méthodes , Mâle , Souris , Souris de lignée BALB C , Stress oxydatif/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques
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