Uso do gérmen de milho desengordurado, com e sem adição de um complexo enzimático, em dietas para cães / [Use of defatted corngerm with and without the addition of an enzyme complex in dog diets]

Objetivou-se avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes, a palatabilidade das dietas e as características fecais de cães alimentados com uma dieta controle e uma dieta contendo 20% de gérmen desengordurado (GD), com e sem adição de complexo enzimático (amilase, xilanase, betaglucanase e mananase). Para o experimento de digestibidade e das características fecais, foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dieta x enzima). O segundo experimento avaliou a palatabilidade, por meio da primeira escolha e da razão de ingestão (RI) da dieta DC vs. 20% de GD, utilizando-se 16 cães. O teste de palatabilidade contou com três dias consecutivos, totalizando 48 repetições. A dieta com inclusão de 20% de GD teve os menores valores de CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). A inclusão do complexo enzimático melhorou o CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças nas características fecais (P>0,05). Em relação à palatabilidade, os cães preferiram a dieta 20% de GD, tanto na primeira escolha como na RI (P<0,05). A inclusão de enzimas às dietas melhora a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da EM, sendo um aditivo com potencial uso na alimentação de cães.(AU)

The objective was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients, diet palatability and fecal characteristics of dogs fed diets containing degreased germ (DG), and a control diet (DC) - both with and without the addition of enzyme complex (amylase, xylanase, betaglucanase and mananase). For the digestibility and fecal characteristics experiment 12 adult dogs were used, distributed in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (diet x enzyme). The second experiment evaluated palatability using the first choice and ingestion ratio (IR) of DC diet vs. 20%gD, using 16 dogs. The palatability test had three consecutive days, totaling 48 repetitions. The diet with inclusion of 20% DG had the lowest ADC values of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). Inclusion of the enzyme complex improved ADC of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). No differences in fecal characteristics were observed (P >0.05). Regarding palatability, dogs preferred the 20% DG diet in both first choice and IR (P <0.05). Inclusion of enzymes in diets improves nutrient digestibility and ME, being an additive with potential use in dog food.(AU)

Animal performance and carcass characteristics from confined lambs fed on concentrate feed and additives.

The number of sheep flocks in Brazil is increasing. It is known that lambs must be slaughtered when young for producing quality meat. The current study evaluated the inclusion of protected methionine, protected lysine, lysophospholipid and amylolytic enzymes in a diet to lambs and their effects on weight gain and quantitative carcass traits at slaughtering. Eighty non-castrated male crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs, 20.57 ± 4.33 kg live weight, were used. The feedlot lasted 64 days and 60 animals were slaughtered. There were no differences for live weight, daily feed intake, feed conversion and average daily weight gain at the first 28 days of feedlot. From the 28th day lysophospholipid treatment presented the highest live weight. Lysophospholipid and amylolytic enzyme presented the best performance in average daily gain, followed by protected methionine, control and protected lysine. Lysophospholipid treatment presented higher daily feed intake rates than protected lysine and protected methionine. Feed conversion was lower for amylolytic enzyme and higher for control. No changing in carcass traits was reported due to additives. Better performance may be achieved with feedlot lambs fed on diets with the addition of amylolytic enzyme and lysophospholipid at the finishing phase.

Effect of enzymes addition on the total tract apparent digestibility of piglet diets / Efeito da adição de enzimas na digestibilidade total aparente de dietas para leitões desmamados

The experiment was realized to evaluate the effect of inclusion of amylase and protease alone or in combination on digestibility of piglets diets contend hard-endosperm corn. Sixteen castrated piglets weaned at 25 days were individually penned in metabolic crates and distributed in four diets using a balanced two period changeover design. The experimental diets were isonutritive and supplemented with 0.06% of amylase and 0.012% of protease alone or in combination. The results showed the amylase or protease alone or in combinations had no influence (P>0.05) on coefficients of digestibility in none of the two periods studied. The average of coefficients of digestibility were 87.9, 88.2, 85.3, 77.7, 97.3, and 90.9% to dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ash, starch and gross energy, respectively. In conclusion, addition of amylase and protease alone or in combination have no influence on digestibility of piglets diets contend hard-endosperm corn.(AU)

O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de amilase e protease, adicionadas de forma individual ou combinadas (amilase + protease) sobre a digestibilidade de nutrientes em dietas para leitões contendo milho duro. Dezesseis leitões machos castrados e desmamados aos 25 dias foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro dietas por meio de delineamento change over balanceado com dois períodos. As dietas foram isonutritivas e diferiram apenas na adição de enzimas: 1) sem enzimas; 2) 0,06% de amilase; 3) 0,012% de protease; e 4) 0,06% de amilase e 0,012% de protease. Não foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) da adição individual ou combinada de amilase e protease nos coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD) dos nutrientes avaliados. Os CD médios foram de 87,9, 88,2, 85,3, 77,7, 97,3 e 90,9%, para a matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, matéria mineral, amido e energia bruta, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a adição de amilase e protease, individual ou combinada, não influencia a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de dietas para leitões contendo milho duro.(AU)

Effect of enzymes addition on the total tract apparent digestibility of piglet diets / Efeito da adição de enzimas na digestibilidade total aparente de dietas para leitões desmamados

The experiment was realized to evaluate the effect of inclusion of amylase and protease alone or in combination on digestibility of piglets diets contend hard-endosperm corn. Sixteen castrated piglets weaned at 25 days were individually penned in metabolic crates and distributed in four diets using a balanced two period changeover design. The experimental diets were isonutritive and supplemented with 0.06% of amylase and 0.012% of protease alone or in combination. The results showed the amylase or protease alone or in combinations had no influence (P>0.05) on coefficients of digestibility in none of the two periods studied. The average of coefficients of digestibility were 87.9, 88.2, 85.3, 77.7, 97.3, and 90.9% to dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ash, starch and gross energy, respectively. In conclusion, addition of amylase and protease alone or in combination have no influence on digestibility of piglets diets contend hard-endosperm corn.

O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de amilase e protease, adicionadas de forma individual ou combinadas (amilase + protease) sobre a digestibilidade de nutrientes em dietas para leitões contendo milho duro. Dezesseis leitões machos castrados e desmamados aos 25 dias foram alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro dietas por meio de delineamento change over balanceado com dois períodos. As dietas foram isonutritivas e diferiram apenas na adição de enzimas: 1) sem enzimas; 2) 0,06% de amilase; 3) 0,012% de protease; e 4) 0,06% de amilase e 0,012% de protease. Não foram observados efeitos (P>0,05) da adição individual ou combinada de amilase e protease nos coeficientes de digestibilidade (CD) dos nutrientes avaliados. Os CD médios foram de 87,9, 88,2, 85,3, 77,7, 97,3 e 90,9%, para a matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, matéria mineral, amido e energia bruta, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a adição de amilase e protease, individual ou combinada, não influencia a digestibilidade dos nutrientes de dietas para leitões contendo milho duro.

Study of a novel pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in pancreatic insufficient subjects with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: We studied a novel pancreatic enzyme product, ALTU-135, a proprietary formulation of microbially derived lipase, protease, and amylase, to determine its efficacy and safety in treatment of pancreatic insufficiency (PI) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). STUDY DESIGN: Ambulatory subjects with CF-PI (n = 117) had baseline coefficient of fat and nitrogen absorption (CFA and CNA, respectively) determined in an inpatient setting while not receiving pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Subjects were then randomized to treatment with ALTU-135 containing 5000 (low), 25,000 (mid), or 100,000 (highest) units of lipase (1:1:0.15 of lipase:protease:amylase) for 28 days. After 14 days, CFA and CNA were re-measured. The primary outcomes were change from baseline in CFA and CNA between treatments. RESULTS: Treatment CFA was significantly greater in the mid and highest dose groups compared with that in the low dose group (P = .0229 and P =.0041, respectively); findings were similar for CNA. Subjects with baseline CFA < or = 40% and > 40% in the 2 higher dose groups had a mean increase of 31 and 8 percentage points in CFA, respectively (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: ALTU-135 was efficacious during the 1-month study period at the dose of 25,000 units of lipase, 25,000 units of protease, and 3750 units of amylase.

Combining unprotected pancreatic enzymes with pH-sensitive enteric-coated microspheres does not improve nutrient digestion in patients with cystic fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of combining unprotected powder enzymes and oral enteric-coated microsphere (ECM) and to ECM alone in treating nutrient maldigestion in patients with cystic fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN: Patients were randomly assigned into 2 consecutive, 2-week phases; ECM alone, and ECM plus unprotected powder enzymes. Fecal fat, energy, and nitrogen output were compared with intake at the end of each phase. Two-tailed, paired t tests were performed to compare outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of the 14 patients (3 girls) was 5.7 +/- 3.2 years (range, 1.9 to 13.4 years). There was no significant difference in percent malabsorption of fat (15.6% vs 18.2%), energy (13.3% vs 13.4%), or nitrogen (11.8% vs 11.3%) between phases. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of powder enzymes to ECM did not improve nutrient maldigestion compared with ECM alone.

Effect of early feed restriction and enzyme supplementation on digestive enzyme activities in broilers.

The effect of feed restriction and enzymatic supplementation on intestinal and pancreatic enzyme activities and weight gain was studied in broiler chickens. Quantitative feed restriction was applied to chickens from 7 to 14 d of age. An enzyme complex mainly consisting of protease and amylase was added to the chicken ration from hatching to the end of the experiment. Birds subjected to feed restriction whose diet was not supplemented showed an increase in sucrase, amylase, and lipase activities immediately after the restriction period. Amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsin activities were higher in chickens subjected to feed restriction and fed a supplemented diet than in those only subjected to feed restriction. Trypsin activity increased after feed restriction and after supplementation, but there was no interaction between these effects. Early feed restriction had no effect on enzyme activity in 42-d-old chickens. Chickens subjected to early restriction and fed the supplemented diet presented higher sucrase, maltase, and lipase activities than nonsupplemented ones (P < 0.05). There was no effect of early feed restriction or diet supplementation on weight gain to 42 d. Percentage weight gain from 14 to 42 d of age was equivalent in feed-restricted and ad libitum fed birds. Feed-restricted broilers fed a supplemented diet showed a higher percentage weight gain than nonsupplemented birds. We conclude that enzymatic supplementation potentiates the effect of feed restriction on digestive enzyme activity and on weight gain.

Procedimientos de control de calidad en laboratorio de analisis clinico / Procedures of control of quality in laboratory of clinical analysis

Control de calidad puede definirse como el conjunto de practicas que son realizadas en un laboratorio en forma periodica para detectar y eliminar errores, asi como para asegurar que los resultados obtenidos reflejen la condicion real del paciente, manteniendo como finalidad asegurar la mejor precision y exactitud posibles en todos los analisis