Heterophilic antibodies in sera from individuals without loxoscelism cross-react with phospholipase D from the venom of Loxosceles and Sicarius spiders

Background Loxoscelism is a severe human envenomation caused by Loxosceles spider venom. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the presence of antibodies against Loxosceles venom in loxoscelism patients without treatment with antivenom immunotherapy. We perform a comparative analysis for the presence of antibodies capable of recognizing Loxosceles venom in a group of patients diagnosed with loxoscelism and in a group of people without loxoscelism. Methods The detection of L. laeta venom, Sicarius venom and recombinant phospholipases D from Loxosceles (PLDs) in sera from people with loxoscelism (Group 1) and from healthy people with no history of loxoscelism (Group 2) was evaluated using immuno-dot blot, indirect ELISA, and Western blot. Results We found naturally heterophilic antibodies (IgG-type) in people without contact with Loxosceles spiders or any clinical history of loxoscelism. Either serum pools or single sera from Group 1 and Group 2 analyzed by dot blot tested positive for L. laeta venom. Indirect ELISA for venom recognition showed titles of 1:320 for Group 1 sera and 1:160 for Group 2 sera. Total IgG quantification showed no difference in sera from both groups. Pooled sera and purified IgG from sera of both groups revealed venom proteins between 25 and 32 kDa and the recombinant phospholipase D isoform 1 (rLlPLD1), specifically. Moreover, heterophile antibodies cross-react with PLDs from other Loxosceles species and the venom of Sicarius spider. Conclusions People without contact with the spider venom produced heterophilic antibodies capable of generating a cross-reaction against the venom of L. laeta and Sicarius spiders. Their presence and possible interference should be considered in the development of immunoassays for Loxosceles venom detection.(AU)

Heterophilic antibodies in sera from individuals without loxoscelism cross-react with phospholipase D from the venom of Loxosceles and Sicarius spiders

Background Loxoscelism is a severe human envenomation caused by Loxosceles spider venom. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the presence of antibodies against Loxosceles venom in loxoscelism patients without treatment with antivenom immunotherapy. We perform a comparative analysis for the presence of antibodies capable of recognizing Loxosceles venom in a group of patients diagnosed with loxoscelism and in a group of people without loxoscelism. Methods The detection of L. laeta venom, Sicarius venom and recombinant phospholipases D from Loxosceles (PLDs) in sera from people with loxoscelism (Group 1) and from healthy people with no history of loxoscelism (Group 2) was evaluated using immuno-dot blot, indirect ELISA, and Western blot. Results We found naturally heterophilic antibodies (IgG-type) in people without contact with Loxosceles spiders or any clinical history of loxoscelism. Either serum pools or single sera from Group 1 and Group 2 analyzed by dot blot tested positive for L. laeta venom. Indirect ELISA for venom recognition showed titles of 1:320 for Group 1 sera and 1:160 for Group 2 sera. Total IgG quantification showed no difference in sera from both groups. Pooled sera and purified IgG from sera of both groups revealed venom proteins between 25 and 32 kDa and the recombinant phospholipase D isoform 1 (rLlPLD1), specifically. Moreover, heterophile antibodies cross-react with PLDs from other Loxosceles species and the venom of Sicarius spider. Conclusions People without contact with the spider venom produced heterophilic antibodies capable of generating a cross-reaction against the venom of L. laeta and Sicarius spiders. Their presence and possible interference should be considered in the development of immunoassays for Loxosceles venom detection.

Collagen quantification in rabbit dermal wounds treated with heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel / Quantificação de colágenoem feridas dérmicas de coelhos tratados com plasma rico em plaquetas heterólogo gel

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively studied as a biomaterial for wound treatment, and the heterologous PRP is usefulin the event that obtaining the patients own blood is impossible. This study aimed to evaluate and compare wound healing in rabbits and quantify the collagen in experimentally induced wounds in a control group and in a group treated with heterologous PRP gel. We hypothesize that this gelis capable of promoting proper healing with no adverse reactions, increased collagen content. The clinical aspects of coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, granulation, pain sensitivity, and retraction index of the wounds were measuredon days 7, 14, and 17 after the injury. Collagen quantification by Picrosirius staining and evaluation under polarized light was performed on the 17th day. Crust was present in both groups at all evaluated time points, with the absence of other clinical signs. The wound contraction rate and collagen quantity did not differ between groups. In conclusion, the suggested hypothesis was partially confirmed; the heterologous PRP gel was unable to increase the amount of collagen and accelerate the wound healing process, however, wound healing was efficient and similar in both groups and there was no local adverse reaction. Thus, despite the scarcity of studies in the literature, the heterologous PRP gel is an effective alternative treatment for wounds in the absence of other sources of PRP.(AU)

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) tem sido amplamente estudado como um biomaterial para o tratamento de feridas, sendo o produto de fonte heteróloga indicado na impossibilidade de obtenção do sangue do próprio paciente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, avaliar e comparar a cicatrização em coelhos, e quantificar o colágeno de feridas experimentalmente induzidas, denominadas controle e tratadas, com PRP heterólogo gel. A hipótese é que este produto seja capaz de promover cicatrização adequada sem reações adversas, e promova aumento do colágeno. Os aspectos clínicos cor, edema, hiperemia, exsudato, crosta, granulação, sensibilidade a dor e índice de retração das feridas foram avaliados nos dias 7, 14 e 17 após a lesão. A quantificação do colágeno, através da coloração com Picrosirius e avaliação sob luz polarizada, foi realizada no 17º dia. Houve presença de crosta nos dois grupos em todos os momentos avaliados, com ausência dos demais sinais clínicos. O percentual de contração da lesão e quantidade de colágeno não diferiu entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que a hipótese sugerida foi comprovada em partes, ou seja, o PRP heterólogo gel não foi capaz de aumentar a quantidade de colágeno e acelerar o processo de cicatrização tecidual, no entanto, a cicatrização foi eficiente e semelhante entre os dois grupos e não houve nenhum tipo de reação adversa local. Desta forma, apesar da escassez de estudos encontrados na literatura, o PRP heterólogo gel é uma alternativa de tratamento de feridas, na impossibilidade de uso de outras fontes de PRP.(AU)

Collagen quantification in rabbit dermal wounds treated with heterologous platelet-rich plasma gel / Quantificação de colágenoem feridas dérmicas de coelhos tratados com plasma rico em plaquetas heterólogo gel

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively studied as a biomaterial for wound treatment, and the heterologous PRP is usefulin the event that obtaining the patient’s own blood is impossible. This study aimed to evaluate and compare wound healing in rabbits and quantify the collagen in experimentally induced wounds in a control group and in a group treated with heterologous PRP gel. We hypothesize that this gelis capable of promoting proper healing with no adverse reactions, increased collagen content. The clinical aspects of coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, granulation, pain sensitivity, and retraction index of the wounds were measuredon days 7, 14, and 17 after the injury. Collagen quantification by Picrosirius staining and evaluation under polarized light was performed on the 17th day. Crust was present in both groups at all evaluated time points, with the absence of other clinical signs. The wound contraction rate and collagen quantity did not differ between groups. In conclusion, the suggested hypothesis was partially confirmed; the heterologous PRP gel was unable to increase the amount of collagen and accelerate the wound healing process, however, wound healing was efficient and similar in both groups and there was no local adverse reaction. Thus, despite the scarcity of studies in the literature, the heterologous PRP gel is an effective alternative treatment for wounds in the absence of other sources of PRP.

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) tem sido amplamente estudado como um biomaterial para o tratamento de feridas, sendo o produto de fonte heteróloga indicado na impossibilidade de obtenção do sangue do próprio paciente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, avaliar e comparar a cicatrização em coelhos, e quantificar o colágeno de feridas experimentalmente induzidas, denominadas controle e tratadas, com PRP heterólogo gel. A hipótese é que este produto seja capaz de promover cicatrização adequada sem reações adversas, e promova aumento do colágeno. Os aspectos clínicos cor, edema, hiperemia, exsudato, crosta, granulação, sensibilidade a dor e índice de retração das feridas foram avaliados nos dias 7, 14 e 17 após a lesão. A quantificação do colágeno, através da coloração com Picrosirius e avaliação sob luz polarizada, foi realizada no 17º dia. Houve presença de crosta nos dois grupos em todos os momentos avaliados, com ausência dos demais sinais clínicos. O percentual de contração da lesão e quantidade de colágeno não diferiu entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que a hipótese sugerida foi comprovada em partes, ou seja, o PRP heterólogo gel não foi capaz de aumentar a quantidade de colágeno e acelerar o processo de cicatrização tecidual, no entanto, a cicatrização foi eficiente e semelhante entre os dois grupos e não houve nenhum tipo de reação adversa local. Desta forma, apesar da escassez de estudos encontrados na literatura, o PRP heterólogo gel é uma alternativa de tratamento de feridas, na impossibilidade de uso de outras fontes de PRP.

Reticulin antibodies: relationship with endocardium-vessel-interstitium antibodies and heterophilic antibodies.

1. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to compare reticulin antibodies, endocardium-vessel-interstitium (EVI) antibodies and heterophilic antibodies in serum samples from patients with degenerative and inflammatory diseases, Chagas' disease, or paracoccidioidomycosis and from healthy blood donors. 2. The antigen substrates used were rat, mouse and human liver for reticulin antibodies, mouse and human heart and skeletal muscle for EVI factor, and rat heart and rat, mouse and human kidney and stomach for heterophilic antibodies. 3. The three antibodies produced extremely similar fluorescent patterns and were present simultaneously in a large proportion of reticulin-positive serum samples. 4. The three antibodies were significantly absorbed by heterophilic antigens such as sheep and rat red blood cells and guinea pig kidney, by Trypanosoma cruzi (an antigen associated with EVI factor) and by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. However, they did not react with several human tissues. 5. These results suggest that reticulin and EVI antibodies can be considered to be heterophilic antibodies.

Reticulin antibodies: relationship with endocardium-vessel-interstitium antibodies and heterophilic antibodies

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to compare reticulin antibodies, endocardium-vessel-interstitium (EVI) antibodies and heterophilic antibodies in serum samples from patients with degenerative and inflammatory diseases, Chagas' disease, or paracoccidioidomycosis and from healthy blood donors. The antigen substrates used were rat, mouse and human liver for reticulin antibodies, mouse and human heart and skeletal muscle for EVI factor, and rat heart and rat, mouse and human kidney and stomach for heterophilic antibodies. The three antibodies produced extremely similar fluorescent patterns and were present simultaneously in a large proportion of reticulin-positive serum samples. The three antibodies were significantly absorbed by heterophilic antigens such as sheep and rat red blood cells and guinea pig kidney, by Trypanosoma cruzi (an antigen associated with EVI factor) and by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. However, they did not react with several human tissues. These results suggest that reticulin and EVI antibodies can be considered to be heterophilic antibodies

Anticorpos reticulínicos: revisäo crítica e correlaçäo com fator EVI e anticorpos heterófilos / Reticulin antibodies: critical review and correlation with EVI factor and heterophile atibodies

Neste trabalho, os autores realizaram revisäo de literatura da freqüência, padröes de fluorescência, classificaçöes, antígenos indutores e papel patogenético dos anticorpos reticulínicos (AR), EVI e heterófilos. Os anticorpos reticulínicos e EVI säo freqüentes em doenças celíca (52) e doença de Chagas (10), respectivamente. Seus antígenos indutores e seu papel patogênico säo desconhecidos. Apresentam padröes fluorescentes muito semelhantes entre si e os padröes dos anticorpos heterófilos descritos por Hawkins e col. (18), corando o tecido conjuntivo dos órgäos. Esta revisäo tem como principal objetivo realizar análise crítica comparativa entre estes três anticorpos

Mononucleosis infecciosa / Infections mononucleosis

Mononucleosis infecciosa es un padecimiento infectocontagioso causado por un virus de la familia Herpes viridae llamado virus de Epstein Barr. Sus manifestaciones en la niñez son mínimas, pudiendo presentarse como un cuadro catarral. En el adolescente y el adulto joven sus manifestaciones clínicas son características, presentando datos de afección de tejido linfoide y del sistema reticuloendotelial. Es en este último grupo de edad donde se presentan cuadros y complicaciones graves. El diagnóstico se establece con base en los criterios de Hoagland y mediante la identificación de sus diversos antígenos, así como anticuerpos dirigido contra ellos. Se ha relacionado a la mononucleosis infecciosa con el desarrollo de tumores del tejido linfoide, así como al carcinoma rinofaríngeo. No existe, a la fecha, tratamiento especial para este padecimiento viral

Mononucleose infecciosa com reaçäo de Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn positiva / Infections mononucleosis with positive Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn reaction

Säo analisados 102 casos de mononucleose infecciosa com reaçäo de Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn positiva, atendidos no Serviço de Doenças Transmissíveis do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de Säo Paulo no período de 1973 a 1985, com o objetivo de avaliar sua distribuiçäo por grupos etários e suas características clínicas. A maioria dos casos (58,8%) ocorreu em crianças com 12 anos ou menos de idade, diferindo deste modo do que se observa em países desenvolvidos. Febre (85%), linfonodemegalia cervical (93%), hepatomegalia (92%), esplenomegalia (85%) e exsudato de amígdalas (42%) foram os achados mais freqüentes. A maioria dos pacientes apresentou mais de 5.000 linfócitos/mm3 (72%), e mais de 1.000 linfócitos atípicos/mm3 (76,8%), detectando-se transaminases séricas elevadas em 58,3% dos casos. Näo foram observadas diferenças entre o quadro clínico de crianças e adultos

Anticorpos heterófilos na rotina de imunofluorescência / Heterophile antibodies in the immunofluorescence routine

Foram pesquisados auto-anticorpos em 2.132 soros de pacientes com suspeita de doença auto-imune. Além disso, foram testados 200 soros de pessoas saudáveis, que serviram como controle. Anticorpos heterófilos foram achados em 74 soros entre pacientes e controles saudáveis, sem diferença significativa. Näo houve associaçäo com qualquer doença ou sintoma. Os autores recomendaram usar fragmentos de todos os órgäos citados como substratos, a fim de evitar resultados duvidosos

Evaluación del método de detección de anticuerpos heterófilos con eritrocitos de caballo / Evaluation of a method for the detection of heterphile antibodies with erythrocytes of horses

Se estudiaron 255 pacientes entre niños y adultos, a los cuales se les indicó la prueba de Paul y Bunnell; a éstos se les realizó además una prueba que detecta anticuerpos heterófilos utilizando hematíes de caballo formalizados. En la comparación de ambas pruebas se demostró la neta superioridad evidente en sencillez y especificidad de la utilización preferencial para el diagnóstico de la mononucleosis infecciosa

Epstein-Barr virus infections in Brazil. II. Hodgkin's disease.

Sixty-seven cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) occurring in São Paulo, Brazil, were studied. Males with HD predominated over females 2.3 to 1. Sixty-six percent of the cases occurred in patients under 30 years of age, 31.7% under 20 years of age, and only 7.5% after 50 years of age. Lymphocyte predominance and mixed cellularity histologic types were most common in patients less than 15 years old, and nodular sclerosis was most common in the 15- to 19-year-old group. Sera from all patients had antibody to the viral capsid antigen (VCA) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The geometric mean titer (GMT) of VCA antibody with the use of Jijoye cells as antigen was 1:162, and 31.3% of patients had titers of 1:320 or more; in controls, the GMT was 1:67 and 3.8% had titers of 1:320 or more. Similar results were obtained when EB-3 cells were used as antigen. The highest titers occurred in males, in mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depletion forms, and in stage 2 of illness. EBV-specific IgM antibody and heterophile antibody levels were not elevated, but 20.5% of the HD patients had antibody to the early antigen of EBV present in their sera. Antibody levels for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, rubella, measles, parainfluenza viruses, and papovavirus were not significantly elevated over those in matched controls.