RÉSUMÉ
Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) represent one of the most common clinical problems in hospital practice, especially in surgical areas and centers of intensive care. The treatment of IAIs generally involves the draining of abscesses and empirical antimicrobial therapy. In this study, among 150 patients suffering from IAI, 106 (70.7%) yielded samples that presented microbial growth. Polyinfection was detected in 51.9% of the cases and varied from 2 to 9 distinct microbes per specimen. The overall mean number of micro-organisms isolated per patient was 2.17. Aerobic bacteria (as strict aerobes and facultative anaerobes), strict anaerobic bacteria, and fungi of the genus Candida represented 93.4%, 30.2%, and 13.2% of the cases positive for micro-organisms, respectively. The most common aerobic bacteria were those of the genera Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, and Streptococcus. Despite the frequent prior use (52%) with antimicrobials of recognized action against strict anaerobes, these micro-organisms constituted 30.9% of the total isolates, and the most frequently found were of the Bacteroides fragilis group and Prevotella species. The high prevalence of anaerobes in the specimens obtained from IAI demonstrates the need to give greater importance to these micro-organisms by making available material and human resources to carry out culture of the anaerobes as part of routine hospital procedures.