Association between genomic daughter pregnancy rate and expected milk production on the resumption of estrus behavior in Holstein cattle.

The objective of this observational study was to evaluate estrous expression at the first estrus occurring between 7 to 30 d in milk (DIM), as detected by an automated activity monitor (AAM), and its association with genomic daughter pregnancy rate (GDPR) and genomic expected milk production (GEM) in lactating dairy cows. A total of 4,119 lactations from 2,602 Holstein cows were included. Cows were enrolled as first lactation (n = 1,168), second lactation (n = 1,525) and third and greater lactation (n = 1,426). Hair samples were collected from the tail switch, and cows were genotyped using an SNP platform (Clarifide, Zoetis, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Postpartum cows were examined daily by the farm personnel from calving until 10 DIM. Calving was classified as assisted (forced calf extraction) and unassisted (normal calving). Retained fetal membranes (RFM), hyperketonemia (KET), and left displaced abomasum (LDA) were also recorded. Mean GDPR (± SD) was -0.29 ± 1.4, and the intensity and duration of the first estrus event was 15.9 ± 13.1 x-factor (intensity unit measurement) and 11.1 ± 3.8 h, respectively. Cows that had greater GDPR had greater intensity and longer duration of estrus at the alert, independent of parity. Overall resumption of estrous expression, between 7 to 30 DIM, was 41.2% (1,695/4,119), where 58.8% (2,424/4,119) did not have an estrus event, 31.0% (1,274/4,119) of cows had one event of estrus, and 10.2% (421/4,119) of cows had 2 or more events of estrus early postpartum. Mean DIM (± SD) at first estrus event, detected by the AAM, was 19.4 ± 4.4 d. Days in milk at first event for cows with one event was 20.7 ± 1.6 d and 15.9 ± 3.1 d for cows with 2 or more events of estrus. First lactation cows were more likely to have an estrus event early postpartum when compared with second and third and greater lactation cows (45.2 ± 1.4% [530/1168] vs. 41.6 ± 1.3% [636/1525] vs. 37.2 ± 1.3% [529/1426], respectively). There was an interaction of parity and GDPR on the proportion of cows demonstrating an early postpartum estrus. There was no difference in the proportion of cows with an early postpartum estrus between those with assisted or unassisted calving, RFM, or LDA. However, cows that had KET were less likely to have an alert early postpartum when compared with cows that did not have KET. Mean genomic expected milk production (± SD) was 256.8 ± 600.1 kg. There was no interaction between GEM and parity on estrous expression (i.e., intensity and duration). There was no interaction between GEM and GDPR on the proportion of estrus early postpartum.

Vivências de pais de pessoas com deficiência intelectual relacionadas à inclusão no trabalho / Experiences of parents of people with intellectual disabilities regarding their inclusion at work / Experiencias de padres de personas con discapacidad intelectual sobre inclusión laboral

A inclusão social de pessoas com deficiência intelectual (DI) vem ganhando destaque no Brasil, devido ao advento da Lei de Inclusão (13.146/2015) e de metodologias sociais como o Emprego Apoiado. Este estudo buscou compreender as concepções parentais a respeito da carreira profissional de seus filhos com DI. Participaram 10 casais de mães e pais de pessoas com DI de diferentes faixas etárias. O método foi qualitativo fenomenológico, com recurso de narrativas compreensivas. Quatro eixos estruturantes foram identificados: (a) condições estruturais que impactam a inclusão; (b) percepções e sentimentos a respeito da DI; (c) inclusão: uma corrida de obstáculos permanentes?; e (d) protagonismo familiar. Esses tópicos foram discutidos à luz do paradigma dos estigmas e da teoria de justificação do sistema. Foram descritos fatores que dificultam a inclusão, como contexto de trabalho individualista e competitivo, restrição de oportunidades profissionais, superproteção, falsa consciência, descrença implícita na mudança ou superação e ambiguidades quanto às reais possibilidades dos filhos. Evidenciou-se a importância do apoio, ainda que este não esteja livre de estruturas estigmatizantes, e também a centralidade da condição de pais de pessoas com DI como noção de identidade, elementos que dificultam sua ação como coadjuvantes na vida dos filhos. O contexto profissional foi reconhecido como ambiente de maior inclusão vivida, apesar das dificuldades. Ressalta-se a necessidade de orientação de familiares para um novo olhar a respeito das condições e potenciais de seus filhos, bem como do aprimoramento de políticas públicas em prol de uma sociedade mais inclusiva.(AU)

The inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) has been gaining prominence due to the advent of the Brazilian Inclusion Law (13.146/2015) and social methodologies such as supported employment. This study aimed to understand the view parents have regarding the professional career of their children with ID. Overall, 10 couples, mothers, and fathers of people with ID from different age groups participated in this study. A qualitative phenomenological method using comprehensive narratives was chosen. This study found four structuring axes: (a) structural conditions that affect inclusion; (b) perceptions and feelings about ID; (c) inclusion: a permanent obstacle course; and (d) families' leading role. The paradigm of stigmas and system justification theory were the references to discuss those topics. This study describes the factors that hinder inclusion, such as individualistic and competitive work contexts, restriction of professional opportunities, overprotection, false awareness, implicit disbelief in changing or overcoming difficulties, and ambiguities regarding the sons' and daughters' real possibilities. It is highlighted both the importance of support (even if it tied to stigmatizing structures) and the centrality of the condition of parents of people with ID as a notion of identity, elements that make it difficult for them to act as supporting actors in their sons' and daughters' lives. The work context constituted an environment of greater inclusion, despite difficulties. In conclusion, this study found an emphatic need for family members to have a new look at the conditions and potential of their children, as well as for the improvement of public policies in favor of a more inclusive society.(AU)

La inclusión social de personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) viene ganando protagonismo debido al advenimiento de la Ley de Inclusión brasileña (13.146/2015) y de metodologías sociales como el Empleo con Apoyo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las concepciones que los padres tienen sobre la carrera profesional de sus hijos con DI. Participaron 10 parejas, madres y padres de personas con DI de diferentes grupos de edad. El método fue cualitativo fenomenológico, utilizando narrativas comprensivas. Se identificaron cuatro ejes estructurantes: (a) condiciones estructurales que inciden en la inclusión; (b) percepciones y sentimientos sobre la DI; (c) ¿inclusión: una carrera de obstáculos permanentes?; y (d) protagonismo familiar. Estos temas se discutieron a la luz del paradigma de los estigmas y de la teoría de la justificación del sistema. Se describieron factores que dificultan la inclusión, como un contexto de trabajo individualista y competitivo, la restricción de oportunidades profesionales, la sobreprotección, la falsa conciencia, la incredulidad implícita en cambiar o superar las dificultades y las ambigüedades sobre las posibilidades reales de los hijos. Se destacó la importancia del apoyo, aunque no exento de estructuras estigmatizantes, y también la centralidad de la condición de padres de personas con DI como la noción de identidad, elementos que les dificultan actuar como actores secundarios en la vida de los hijos. El contexto profesional fue reconocido como un ambiente de mayor inclusión a pesar de las dificultades. Se concluye con el énfasis en la necesidad de que los familiares tengan una nueva mirada sobre las condiciones y potencialidades de sus hijos, así como la mejora de las políticas públicas a favor de una sociedad más inclusiva.(AU)

Social support networks and life cycle stage of Venezuelan immigrant families.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the structures of social networks of interiorized Venezuelan immigrant families and the life cycle stage they are in. METHODS: Qualitative multiple-case study with families from the Interiorization Program residing in the Greater Florianópolis, Brazil. Screening occurred through social networks and key informants. For data collection, the photovoice technique and semi-structured interviews were used, categorized with the help of the Atlas.ti software. Genograms and ecomaps were elaborated. RESULTS: Of the 4 families interviewed, totaling 7 members with young children, the nuclear family was identified as the main informal support network. Formal networks included schools, churches, and civil society. CONCLUSION: Families rely heavily on their nuclear structure for support, with formal institutions acting as secondary resources. The predominant life cycle stage is focused on families with young children. More efforts are needed to strengthen formal support networks.

The role of daughters in relation to their mother's cervical cancer diagnosis and treatment in Guatemala: a descriptive study.

PURPOSE: There is currently no information on how caregivers for women diagnosed with cervical cancer in Guatemala, particularly daughters, are affected by their supportive role. This study's objective was to describe the support role of caregivers in the country, with a focus on daughters with a mother diagnosed with cervical cancer. METHODS: This analysis utilizes data from a cross-sectional study which aimed to understand pathways to cervical cancer care. Women seeking cervical cancer treatment at the Instituto de Cancerologia (INCAN) in Guatemala City, Guatemala and their companions were surveyed. Descriptive statistics were calculated. RESULTS: One hundred forty-five women seeking treatment and 71 companions participated in the study. Patient's daughters were most frequently reported as the person who provided the most support (51%) and as the most reported to have encouraged the patient to seek care. Furthermore, daughters were noted as the person most reported to fulfill the major household and livelihood roles of the patient while they were seeking or receiving treatment (38.0%). Most daughters reported that they were missing housework (77%), childcare (63%), and income-earning activities (60%) to attend the appointment with their mothers. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that in Guatemala cervical cancer patient's daughters have a significant support role in their mother's cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, we found that while caring for their mothers, daughters in Guatemala are often unable to participate in their primary labor activities. This highlights the additional burden that cervical cancer has on women in Latin America.

¿Cuáles son las brechas de conocimiento y qué priorizar en investigación en salud mental del adulto mayor? Estudio cuali-cuantitativo utilizando la matriz de estrategias combinadas para Argentina (MECA).

INTRODUCCIÓN: el envejecimiento poblacional es un fenómeno mundial. Los problemas de salud mental, altamente prevalentes en este grupo, impactan en la vida de los individuos, sus familias y la sociedad en su conjunto. OBJETIVO: identificar brechas de conocimiento y prioridades de investigación en salud mental del adulto mayor en Argentina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: diseño cuali-cuantitativo, en tres etapas: (1) diagnóstico de situación, (2) evaluación global de necesidades de investigación y (3) ejercicio de priorización basado en la Matriz de Estrategias Combinadas validada para Argentina (MECA). RESULTADOS: con base en las primeras dos etapas del estudio se identificaron dos áreas temáticas investigar en el país y dimensiones priorizadas: (a) soledad-aislamiento y (b) deterioro cognitivo y demencia. Como resultado del ejercicio de priorización surgieron las siguientes dimensiones: en relación con soledad-aislamiento: 1. efecto de los programas, 2. falta de acceso a los recursos, 3. capacidad de adaptación a los contextos locales (integración social del adulto mayor) y 4. calidad de servicios. En relación con deterioro cognitivo y demencia: 1. impacto cuidadores y entorno, 2. barreras para la implementación de guías y capacitación, 3. estudios de costo-efectividad sobre intervenciones y calidad de vida, y 4. recolección y publicación de datos epidemiológicos. CONCLUSIÓN: se debe enfatizar la importancia de fortalecer la investigación en Argentina sobre la implementación y difusión de intervenciones de promoción, prevención y prestación de servicios en la salud mental del adulto mayor.

As funções parentais em casais homossexuais masculinos com bebês / Funciones parentales en parejas homosexuales masculinas con bebés / Parental functions in homosexual male couples with babies

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou investigar as funções parentais em casais homossexuais masculinos com bebês a partir das teorizações de Winnicott. Trata-se de um estudo de casos com dois casais de homens, um deles adotou a filha logo após seu nascimento, a qual estava com dois anos e cinco meses na época do estudo, e outro recorreu à barriga solidária, cujo filho já estava com um ano e três meses. Foram realizadas entrevistas conjunta e individualmente. Os relatos foram submetidos à análise temática, investigando-se aspectos da prática da parentalidade. Os resultados demonstraram que o vínculo pais-filho(a) foi construído a partir dos cuidados cotidianos, que os casais buscaram dividir de forma igualitária. Foi possível identificar em cada participante tanto aspectos da função materna propostas por Winnicott, quanto da função paterna. Os achados indicam que as funções que os adultos exercem junto aos bebês, mais do que materna e paterna, são funções parentais que independem do gênero ou da orientação sexual do cuidador.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las funciones de los padres en parejas homosexuales masculinas con bebés basándose en las teorizaciones de Winnicott. Este es un estudio de caso con dos parejas de hombres, una de las cuales adoptó a su hija poco después del nacimiento, que tenía 2 años y 5 meses en el momento del estudio, y otra recurrió a la subrogación, cujo hijo ya tenía 1 año y 3 meses. Las entrevistas se realizaron de forma conjunta e individual. Los informes fueron sometidos a análisis temático, investigando aspectos de la practica de la parentalidad. Los resultados mostraron que el vínculo padre-hijo se construyó a partir del cuidado diario, que las parejas trataron de dividir en partes iguales. Fue posible identificar en cada participante ambos aspectos de la función materna propuesto por Winnicott y de la función paterna. Los resultados indican que las funciones que los adultos desempeñan con los bebés, en lugar de maternas o paternas, son funciones parentales que son independientes del género o la orientación sexual del cuidador.

ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to investigate parental functions in male homosexual couples with babies based on Winnicott's theorizations. This is a case study with two male couples, one who adopted their daughter right after her birth, wich was 2 years and 5 months old at the time of the study, and another that resort on surrogacy, with a child of 1 year and 3 months. Interviews were conducted jointly and individually. Participants' reports were submitted to thematic analysis, investigating aspects of parenting practice. The results showed that the parent-child bond was built from daily care, which the couples sought to divide equally. It was possible to identify in each participant both aspects of the maternal and paternal functions proposed by Winnicott. The findings indicate that the functions that adults carry out with infants, rather than maternal and paternal ones, are parental functions that are independent of the gender or the sexual orientation of the caregiver.

Reações de mães de meninos vítimas de violência sexual diante da revelação / Reacciones de madres de niños víctimas de violencia sexual frente a revelación / Mother's reactions towards their sons' disclosure of sexual violence victimization

RESUMO Os estudos existentes acerca da revelação da violência sexual são, em sua maioria, baseados em casos de meninas. À vista disso, objetivou-se conhecer as reações protetivas e não protetivas de mães e pais diante da revelação de meninos vítimas de violência sexual. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, por meio de entrevistas, com nove mães. Em seguida, efetuou-se a análise temática dos dados, que resultou em seis temas: momento da revelação; confiança e desconfiança; acolhimento; busca de ajuda; emoções; e proteção. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados indicam que as mães apresentaram, no geral, reações protetivas diante da revelação, evidentes em todos os temas identificados. A partir do momento da revelação, as mães confiaram nos seus filhos e buscaram acolhê-los por meio de uma escuta atenta, também, cabe dizer, algumas entraram em estado de paralisia e entristecimento. Esse acolhimento foi seguido de busca de informações e de atendimento especializado. A proteção ocorreu, ainda, por meio do afastamento dos agressores e monitoramento da rotina dos filhos. Nesse sentido, é fundamental que haja investimento em ações de conscientização sobre os serviços disponíveis para que cuidadores possam proteger crianças e adolescentes em risco. Além disso, são necessárias intervenções que visem auxiliá-los no manejo de seus sentimentos diante da revelação, bem como em relação às consequências da violência para crianças e adolescentes.

RESUMEN. Los estudios existentes sobre divulgación de violencia sexual se basan principalmente en casos de niñas. El objetivo era conocer las reacciones protectoras y no protectoras de madres y padres ante la revelación de niños que son víctimas de violencia sexual. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, a través de entrevistas con nueve madres. Se llevó a cabo un análisis temático de datos, que resultó en seis temas: momento de revelación, confianza y desconfianza, acogida, búsqueda de ayuda, emociones y protección. Los resultados indican que las madres mostraron reacciones protectoras a la revelación, evidente en todos los temas. Desde el momento de la revelación, las madres confiaron en sus hijos y trataron de recibirlos escuchando atentamente, algunos de los cuales entraron en un estado de parálisis y tristeza. Siguió la búsqueda de información y asistencia especializada. La protección también se produjo mediante la eliminación de agresores y el monitoreo de la rutina de los niños. Es necesario invertir en acciones de concientización sobre los servicios disponibles. Además, se necesitan intervenciones para ayudarlos a manejar sus sentimientos ante la divulgación.

ABSTRACT. Studies on the disclosure of sexual violence are majorly based on cases involving girls. The objective was to investigate protective and non-protective reactions of mothers and fathers of boys towards the disclosure of sexual violence victimization. In this qualitative research, we interviewed nine mothers and analyzed the data using thematic analysis, which resulted in six themes: moment of disclosure, trust and distrust, welcoming, help seeking, emotions, and protection. Altogether, results showed that mothers, in general, presented protective reactions towards the disclosure, which was evident in all identified themes. After disclosure, mothers trusted their sons and sought to protect them by attentive listening, although some of them entered a state of paralysis and sadness. This welcoming of their sons' disclosure was followed by seeking information and specialized treatment. Protection was also identified by withdrawing from aggressors and monitoring the boys' routines. Thus, it is necessary to invest in actions to raise awareness of the available services so that caretakers can protect children and adolescents at risk. In addition, interventions are required to assist them to manage their feelings towards disclosure, as well as the consequences of violence for children and adolescents.

A utilização da imitação facial em tarefas de reconhecimento de expressões emocionais / The use of facial mimicry in emotional expressions recognition tasks / El uso de la imitación facial en tareas de reconocimiento de expresiones emocionales

A imitação facial é um comportamento involuntário capaz de facilitar a transmissão de informações não verbais relevantes em diferentes contextos sociais. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a capacidade de reconhecimento de expressões emocionais enquanto o observador tensiona a própria face ou imita a face-alvo. A hipótese utilizada foi a de que indivíduos que tensionam a própria face terão menor probabilidade de acertos na execução das tarefas de reconhecimento de expressões emocionais e aqueles que imitam a expressão terão uma maior probabilidade de acertos na execução das mesmas tarefas. A amostra foi composta por 30 participantes, divididos em dois grupos experimentais: o Grupo Imitação (GI) e o Grupo Ruído (GR), ambos com 18 participantes do sexo feminino e 12 do sexo masculino. O experimento consistiu em apresentar fotos de atores expressando facialmente uma emoção básica por 10 segundos. Neste período, os participantes deveriam, então, observar ou intervir facialmente, imitando ou tensionando a própria face (de acordo com o grupo alocado, Imitação ou Ruído). Após os 10 segundos executando a instrução (observar, imitar ou interferir), o participante deveria responder - entre as opções alegria, tristeza, nojo, raiva, surpresa e medo - a emoção correspondente à imagem. Os resultados apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparadas as tarefas de tensionar ou imitar a face-alvo, sugerindo que a alteração da própria face do observador pode influenciar durante o desempenho de uma tarefa de reconhecimento de emoções em faces.(AU)

Facial mimicry is an involuntary behavior capable of facilitating the transmission of relevant non-verbal information in different social contexts. The present study aimed to analyze the ability to recognize emotional expressions while the observer tenses their own face or imitates the target face. The hypothesis used was that individuals who tension their own face or imitate the expression of facial emotion have less or greater probability of success in performing tasks to recognize emotional expressions on faces, respectively. The sample consisted of 30 participants, divided into two experimental groups: the Imitation Group - GI (18 female participants and 12 male participants) and the Noise Group - GR (18 female participants and 12 male participants). The experiment consisted of presenting pictures of actors facially expressing a basic emotion for 10 seconds; the participants should then observe or intervene facially, imitating or tensing their own face (according to the allocated group, Imitation or Noise). After 10 seconds of executing the instruction (observing, imitating or interfering), the participant should respond - among the options joy, sadness, disgust, anger, surprise and fear - the emotion corresponding to the image. The results showed significant differences when comparing the tasks of tensioning or imitating the target face, suggesting that the alteration of the observer's own face may influence during the performance of a facial emotion recognition task.(AU)

La imitación facial es un comportamiento involuntario capaz de facilitar la transmisión de información no verbal relevante en diferentes contextos sociales. Esto estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la capacidad de reconocer expresiones emocionales mientras el observador tensa su propio rostro o imita el rostro objetivo. Se utilizó la hipótesis de que los individuos que tensan su propio rostro tendrán menor probabilidad de éxito en la realización de tareas de reconocimiento de expresiones emocionales y los individuos que imitan la expresión tendrán una mayor probabilidad de éxito en la realización de las mismas tareas. La muestra estuvo formada por 30 participantes divididos en dos grupos experimentales: el Grupo de Imitación - GI (18 mujeres y 12 hombres) y el Grupo de Ruido - GR (18 mujeres y 12 hombres). El experimento consistió en presentar imágenes de actores expresando facialmente una emoción básica durante 10 segundos; los participantes deberían entonces observar o intervenir facialmente, imitando o tensando su propio rostro (según el grupo asignado, Imitación o Ruido). Después de 10 segundos de ejecutar la instrucción (observar, imitar o interferir), el participante debería responder - entre las opciones de alegría, tristeza, asco, ira, sorpresa y miedo - la emoción correspondiente a la imagen. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas al comparar las tareas de tensar o imitar el rostro objetivo, sugiriendo que la alteración del propio rostro del observador puede influir durante la realización de una tarea de reconocimiento de emociones en rostros.(AU)

Variables asociadas al conocimiento y uso de citología cervicouterina en mujeres de una universidad de Cartagena, Colombia / Variables associated with the awareness and use of cervical cytology in women from a university in Cartagena (Colombia)

Introducción: Anualmente se diagnostican 500.000 casos nuevos de cáncer de cuello uterino, aproximadamente 80% ocurren en países en desarrollo. La baja incidencia de la enfermedad está relacionada con la presencia de programas de detección temprana. Objetivo: Determinar las variables sociodemográficas y familiares asociadas al conocimiento y uso adecuado de la citología cervicouterina (CCU) en mujeres de una Universidad de Cartagena. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, con 259 mujeres, estudiantes y trabajadoras de una institución universitaria. Los datos fueron recolectados utilizando una encuesta sociodemográfica, una de tipología familiar y preguntas que evaluaban los conocimientos y uso de la CCU. Resultados: 42,3% (109) pertenecían a familias nucleares, seguido de 29,5% (76) a familias atípicas. El 85,3% (221) conoce la citología cervical, la principal fuente de información son las instituciones de salud 22,4% (57). El 54,12% (140) de las mujeres tenía una citología previa, y el 26,5% (67) la realiza anualmente. El Conocimiento estuvo asociado a la percepción de funcionalidad familiar, (OR 2,1245 (1,0338-4,3662). Conclusiones: La percepción de disfuncionalidad familiar es un elemento que reduce la práctica de la citología entre las mujeres estudiadas, siendo más importante esta reducción entre las mujeres de estratos más bajos y sin afiliación en salud.

Introduction: 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed yearly, 80% of which belong to developing countries. The low incidence of this disease is related to implementation of early detection programs. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic and family variables associated with the knowledge and proper use of cervical cytology (CC) in female students from a University in Cartagena. Materials and methods: An analytical study was performed on 259 female students and female employees of a university. The data was collected using sociodemographic and family typology surveys together with questions assessing knowledge and use of CC. Results: 42.3% (109) of participants belonged to nuclear families, followed by atypical families (29.5%; 67). 85.3% (221) have knowledge about cervical cytology and the main source of information being health institutions (22.4%; 57). 54.12% (140) of the female participants had a previous cytology, and 26.5% (67) did it annually. Their knowledge was associated with the perception of family functionality (OR 2.1245 (1.0338-4.3662). Conclusions: Perception of family dysfunction is an element that reduces the practice of cytology in the women studied, this decrease being more important among women from lower social strata and not being covered by health insurance.

Life history trade-offs associated with exposure to low maternal capital are different in sons compared to daughters: Evidence from a prospective Brazilian birth cohort.

Background: Environmental exposures in early life explain variability in many physiological and behavioural traits in adulthood. Recently, we showed that exposure to a composite marker of low maternal capital explained the clustering of adverse behavioural and physical traits in adult daughters in a Brazilian birth cohort. These associations were strongly mediated by whether or not the daughter had reproduced by the age of 18 years. Using evolutionary life history theory, we attributed these associations to trade-offs between competing outcomes, whereby daughters exposed to low maternal capital prioritised investment in reproduction and defence over maintenance and growth. However, little is known about such trade-offs in sons. Methods: We investigated 2,024 mother-son dyads from the same birth cohort. We combined data on maternal height, body mass index, income, and education into a composite "maternal capital" index. Son outcomes included reproductive status at the age of 18 years, growth trajectory, adult anthropometry, body composition, cardio-metabolic risk, educational attainment, work status, and risky behaviour (smoking, violent crime). We tested whether sons' early reproduction and exposure to low maternal capital were associated with adverse outcomes and whether this accounted for the clustering of adverse outcomes within individuals. Results: Sons reproducing early were shorter, less educated, and more likely to be earning a salary and showing risky behaviour compared to those not reproducing, but did not differ in foetal growth. Low maternal capital was associated with a greater likelihood of sons' reproducing early, leaving school, and smoking. High maternal capital was positively associated with sons' birth weight, adult size, and staying in school. However, the greater adiposity of high-capital sons was associated with an unhealthier cardio-metabolic profile. Conclusion: Exposure to low maternal investment is associated with trade-offs between life history functions, helping to explain the clustering of adverse outcomes in sons. The patterns indicated future discounting, with reduced maternal investment associated with early reproduction but less investment in growth, education, or healthy behaviour. However, we also found differences compared to our analyses of daughters, with fewer physical costs associated with early reproduction. Exposure to intergenerational "cycles of disadvantage" has different effects on sons vs. daughters, hence interventions may have sex-specific consequences.

The Role of Effective Knowledge on Contraceptive Methods Use in the Replication of Mother-Daughter Adolescent Pregnancy in Mexico.

An important gap in the literature is the analysis of the role of effective knowledge concerning use of contraceptive methods in the intergenerational reproduction of adolescent pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries. Using data from the 2014 Mexico National Survey of Demographic Dynamics, we conducted a retrospective cohort and complete case analysis of women aged ≤ 19 years cohabitating with their mothers and who self-reported having had sexual intercourse at the moment of the survey (n = 5143). We estimated instrumental variable probit models (IV-probit) to assess the association between effective knowledge concerning the use of contraceptive methods and adolescent pregnancy. We stratified our models according to parental history of adolescent pregnancy. Adolescent pregnancy prevalence in our sample was 58.7%. The IV-probit model showed that mothers with a history of adolescent pregnancy were 12.1 percentage points more likely to have daughters who experience adolescent pregnancy. In addition, daughters with effective knowledge concerning the use of contraceptive methods were 1.3 percentage points less likely to experience an adolescent pregnancy. Our findings carry relevant implications for policies seeking to reduce adolescent pregnancy. They highlight the need for policies and programs that tackle the intergenerational transmission of sexual and reproductive behaviors by increasing the information available to adolescents and enhancing their effective knowledge about the use of contraceptive methods. Identifying population groups at higher risk of adolescent pregnancy can contribute to the design of successful reproductive health policies in Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries.

Todo a la vez: cotidianidades de jóvenes universitarios padres/madres en pandemia / Everything at the same time: Daily life of young university parents in the Pandemic / A simultaneidade: Vida cotidiana dos jovens pais/mães universitários durante a Pandemia

Resumen (analítico) La pandemia derivada del covid-19 significó para madres y padres estudiantes universitarios de Manizales (Colombia) experimentar dinámicas cotidianas de simultaneidad del cuidado y de la formación académica. A partir del análisis narrativo, se presenta la configuración de un escenario que trajo consigo el entrecruzamiento de tiempos individuales, escolares y familiares, generando un entorno dual como sujetos de rendimiento. Para las universitarias la oportunidad de estar cerca de sus hijas/hijos, conocer sus actividades de aprendizaje, «verles crecer¼, configurando una maternidad no delegada, contrastada con una triple exigencia de cumplir con todo: estudio, cuidado y trabajo. Para los universitarios que no conviven con sus hijos/hijas, este escenario derivó en un debilitamiento de los vínculos por el distanciamiento social y el surgimiento de la coordinación como alternativa para el cuidado parental.

Abstract (analytical) The pandemic derived from COVID-19 implied for mothers and fathers who were university students in Manizales Colombia, experience daily dynamics of simultaneous care and academic training. The narrative analysis reveals the configuration of a scenario that brought with it the intertwining of individual, school, and family time, generating a dual environment as subjects of performance; for university students the opportunity to be close to their daughters/son, to know their learning activities, to «see them grow¼ configuring non-delegated maternity, contrasted with a triple demand to comply with everything: study, care, and work. For university students, the opportunity to be close to their daughters/sons, to know their learning activities, to "see them grow" configuring non-delegated maternity, contrasted with a triple demand to comply with everything: study, care, and work. For university students who do not live with their sons/daughters, this scenario resulted in a weakening of ties due to social distancing and the emergence of coordination as an alternative for parental care.

Resumo (analítico) A pandemia derivada do Covid-19 significou para mães e pais estudantes universitários de Manizales, Colômbia, vivenciar diariamente dinâmicas de simultaneidade de cuidado e formação acadêmica. A partir de um análise de narrativa, se revelou a configuração de um cenário que trouxe consigo a intersecção dos tempos individuais, escolar e familiar, gerando um ambiente de dualidade como sujeitos de desempenho; para as universitárias a oportunidade de estar perto de seus filhos/filhas, conhecer suas atividades de aprendizagem, «ver como crescem¼ configurando uma maternidade não delegada, em contraste com uma tripla exigência de cumprir com tudo: estudo, cuidado e trabalho; Para os universitários que não moram com os filhos/filhas, esse cenário levou ao enfraquecimento dos vínculos devido ao distanciamento social e ao surgimento da coordenação como alternativa para o cuidado parental.

Mother and Daughter Perspectives on Genetic Counseling and Testing of Adolescents for Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risks, benefits, and utility of testing for adult-onset hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in adolescents and young adults. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated interest in genetic testing of adolescents for adult-onset HBOC genes through semistructured interviews with mothers and adolescents who had previously participated in breast cancer research or had pursued (mothers) clinical testing for HBOC. RESULTS: The majority of mothers (73%) and daughters (75%) were interested in the daughter having genetic testing and were motivated by the future medical utility and current social utility of relieving anxiety and allowing them to prepare. Mothers and daughters both reported that approximately 3 years in the future was the best time to test the daughter regardless of the current age of the daughter. Overall, both mothers and daughters expressed the importance of the involvement of the mother to provide educational and emotional support but ultimately it was the daughter's decision to test. Balancing the independence and maturity of the daughter while reinforcing communication and support within the dyad was a prominent theme throughout the interviews. CONCLUSIONS: There is interest among some high-risk adolescents and young adults to engage in genetic counseling and undergo testing. Providing pretest and posttest genetic counseling, assessing preferences for parent involvement, and offering psychosocial support may be important if genetic testing for HBOC is offered to adolescents and young adults before age 25 years.

Pictures as mementos after perinatal death: a case study.

BACKGROUND: The grieving process following perinatal loss caused by life-limiting conditions presents some particularities associated with the family's culture and the symbolic relationship with the deceased. OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the symbolic meaning attributed to mementos, particularly pictures taken immediately after birth. METHOD: Case study-a qualitative analysis of the data collected through semidirected interviews. RESULTS: Of the three women that took part in the study, one woman chose not to take a picture but opted to take home the hat with her son's name on it that was provided as a regular procedure for every birth at the maternity centre. During the interview, she questioned her decision. The two other women took pictures and still look at them affectionate. One of the women keeps the picture of her child in a shrine at home, thus attributing a symbolic religious meaning to the whole experience that alleviates her pain. CONCLUSION: The symbolic meaning attributed to pictures of the deceased can help parents process grief.

Cellular consequences of small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 12: mosaicism in daughter and father.

Constitutional genomic imbalances are known to cause malformations, disabilities, neurodevelopmental delay, and dysmorphia and can lead to dysfunctions in the cell cycle. In extremely rare genetic conditions such as small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC), it is important to understand the cellular consequences of this extra marker, as well the factors that contribute to their maintenance or elimination through successive cell cycles and phenotypic impact. The study of chromosomal mosaicism provides a natural model to characterize the effect of aneuploidy on genome stability and compare cells with the same genetic background and environment exposure, but differing in the presence of sSMC. Here, we report the functional characterization of different cell lines from two familial patients with mosaic sSMC derived from chromosome 12. We performed studies of proliferation dynamics, stability, and variability of these cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and conventional staining. We also quantified the telomere-related genomic instability of sSMC cells using 3D telomeric profile analysis by quantitative-FISH. sSMC cells exhibited differences in the cell cycle dynamics compared to normal cells. First, the sSMC cells exhibited lower proliferation index and higher frequency of SCE than normal cells, associated with a higher level of chromosomal instability. Second, sSMC cells exhibited more telomeric-related genomic instability. Lastly, the differences of sSMC cells distribution among tissues could explain different phenotypic repercussions observed in patients. These results will help in our understanding of the sSMC stability, maintenance during cell cycle, and the cell cycle variables involved in the different phenotypic manifestations.

Funcionamiento familiar, prácticas de atención y cuidado en la primera infancia durante la Pandemia Covid -19 en el Municipio de La Paz / Family functioning, attention and care practices in early childhood during the Covid -19 pandemic in the municipality of La Paz / Funcionamento familiar, atenção e práticas de cuidado na primeira infância durante a pandemia de Covid -19 no Municipio de La Paz

El presente artículo describe el funcionamiento familiar y las prácticas de atención y cuidado aplicadas en la primera infancia durante la pandemia Covid -19. La investigación fue realizada tomando en cuenta un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de estudio descriptivo y diseño transversal no experimental. Conforme a las características de la investigación se aplicó una muestra intencional de tipo no probabilístico, participaron de la investigación 323 madres, 92 padres y 105 cuidadores de familia de niñas y niños de la primera infancia del Municipio de La Paz. Los resultados muestran que las familias con niños y niñas de primera infancia, durante la pandemia han presentado mayores retos para adaptarse, el nivel de funcionamiento familiar fue moderado, sin embargo el manejo de la disciplina y el liderazgo principalmente asumido por los padres, madres y cuidadores han presentado mayores dificultades. Para mantener el equilibrio al interior de la familia conforme a Rodríguez, (1995) citado por Amar et al, 2016, es importante los periodos de cambio y estabilidad, este último componente producto de la pandemia, fue limitado, ocasionando así mayores tiempos de inestabilidad, incertidumbre afectando a los procesos de adaptación al interior de las familias, sumando que la atención a un niño, niña de 0 a 5 años demanda de mayor tiempo y aplicación de prácticas específicas de cuidado. La atención y cuidado durante la primera infancia es crucial para el desarrollo óptimo del niño y la niña, los resultados del estudio revelan que se aplican las prácticas de forma moderada, las que han sido más afectadas son la alimentación y el descanso, las que han sido mejor atendidas son la salud y afectividad. Es destacable mencionar que el cuidado es asumido en su mayoría por las madres y cuidadores, revelando aún que la figura del padre no se involucra en todas las prácticas de cuidado con sus hijos e hijas de la primera infancia, asumir un rol de crianza compartida entre el padre y madre por la pandemia fue afectada. Finalmente indicar que, la pandemia ha influido en diferentes áreas de la vida y son más afectadas las poblaciones más vulnerables como las niñas y niños de primera infancia aumentando las brechas y vulneraciones al ejercicio de sus derechos en educación, salud y protección.

This article describes and analyzes family functioning and the care and attention practices applied in early childhood during the Covid -19 pandemic. The research was carried out taking into account a quantitative approach, a descriptive type of study and a non-experimental cross-sectional design. According to the characteristics of the investigation, a non-probabilistic intentional sample was applied, 323 mothers, 92 fathers and 105 family caregivers of early childhood children from the Municipality of La Paz participated in the investigation. The results show that families with children in early childhood, during the pandemic, have presented greater challenges to adapt, the level of family functioning was moderate, however the management of discipline and leadership mainly assumed by fathers, mothers and caregivers have presented greater difficulties. To maintain balance within the family according to Rodríguez, (1995) cited by Amar et al, 2016, periods of change and stability are important, this last component, product of the pandemic, was limited, thus causing greater times of instability, uncertainty affecting adaptation processes within families, adding that caring for a child from 0 to 5 years of age demands more time and the application of specific care practices. The attention and care during early childhood is crucial for the optimal development of the boy and the girl, the results of the study reveal that the practices are applied in a moderate way, those that have been most affected are feeding and resting, those that have been better attended are health and affectivity. It is noteworthy to mention that care is assumed mostly by mothers and caregivers, still revealing that the figure of the father is not involved in all care practices with his sons and daughters in early childhood, assuming a shared parenting role between the father and mother by the pandemic was affected. Finally, indicate that the pandemic has influenced different areas of life and the most vulnerable populations such as children in early childhood are more affected, increasing the gaps and violations of the exercise of their rights in education, health and protection.

Este artigo descreve e analisa o funcionamento familiar e as práticas de cuidado e atenção aplicadas na primeira infância durante a pandemia de Covid -19. A pesquisa foi realizada considerando uma abordagem quantitativa, um estudo do tipo descritivo e um desenho transversal não experimental. De acordo com as características da investigação, foi aplicada uma amostra intencional não probabilística, 323 mães, 92 pais e 105 cuidadores familiares de crianças da primeira infância do Município de La Paz participaram da investigação. Os resultados mostram que as famílias com crianças na primeira infância, durante a pandemia, têm apresentado maiores desafios de adaptação, o nível de funcionamento familiar foi moderado, no entanto a gestão da disciplina e liderança assumida principalmente por pais, mães e cuidadores têm apresentado maiores dificuldades. Para manter o equilíbrio dentro da família segundo Rodríguez, (1995) citado por Amar et al, 2016, períodos de mudança e estabilidade são importantes, este último componente, produto da pandemia, foi limitado, causando maiores momentos de instabilidade. , incerteza afetando os processos de adaptação das famílias, acrescentando que cuidar de uma criança de 0 a 5 anos demanda mais tempo e aplicação de práticas de cuidado específicas. A atenção e os cuidados durante a primeira infância são cruciais para o desenvolvimento ideal do menino e da menina, os resultados do estudo revelam que as práticas são aplicadas de forma moderada, as que foram mais afetadas são a alimentação e o descanso, as que têm melhor atendidas são a saúde e a afetividade. Ressalta-se que o cuidado é assumido majoritariamente por mães e cuidadores, revelando ainda que a figura do pai não está envolvida em todas as práticas de cuidado com seus filhos e filhas na primeira infância, assumindo um papel parental compartilhado entre pai e mãe por a pandemia foi afetada. Por fim, indicam que a pandemia influenciou diferentes áreas da vida e as populações mais vulneráveis, como as crianças na primeira infância, são mais afetadas, aumentando as lacunas e violações no exercício de seus direitos em educação, saúde e proteção.

Care Practices Between Generations: Ambivalence and Meaning-making Process.

Relationships of exchange and mutual help between family generations are the main factor of survival at older ages, especially in developing countries. However, the demand for care for older parents is primarily attributed to daughters. In addition to the emergence of intergenerational solidarity to carry out this care task, the fulfillment of this personal-collective expectation of care is permeated by many tensions, conflicts, and ambivalences. Thus, we propose to discuss the ambivalence in care practices and the constructions of meaning related to this field, focusing on daughters who assumed the role of caregivers for their older parents. To understand how women deal with this complex situation of multiple demands, two narrative interviews will be analyzed in the light of the theoretical perspective of Semiotic Cultural Psychology. To guide and structure the data analysis, the Trajectory Equifinality Model (TEM) was used, taking the decision to care for older parents as the point of equifinality of the trajectories. The synthesized personal orientation by the daughters towards caring for their parents was characterized by a pendulum movement of dialogical oscillation between traditional and postmodern values, leading to qualitative intergenerational transformations.

"Know your worth and play it safe:" messages to daughters from Mexican-origin mothers in conversations about dating and romantic relationships.

This study aims to enhance understanding of mother-daughter communication about dating and romantic relationships. We explored how Mexican-origin, mostly immigrant mothers talked about these topics with their daughters (ages 13 to 16 years) using videotaped observational methods. Themes drawn from the maternal messages contained in the conversations of 132 mother-daughter dyads show that mothers promote positive decision-making among their daughters, advising them to take their time, choose partners wisely, insist on respect from boys, maintain autonomy in relationships, pursue education goals, and develop a sense of self-worth. Mothers expressed concern about their daughters being pressured or manipulated into having unwanted sex, which led to messages about negative partner dynamics predominating in conversations. Communication about risks, however, included only implicit advice about self-protective behaviours and few messages about the potential for dating violence and abuse. We discuss the implications for improving the design of sexual health communication programmes in which mothers and daughters jointly participate.

Assim se benzem crianças: geografias dos cuidados e territórios de infâncias / Cómo bendecir la los niños: geografías de cuidado infantil y territorios de la infancia / How to bless children: geographies of care and childhood territories

RESUMO. Neste texto, nossa atenção está voltada para entender como as relações de cuidado entre pais, filhos e filhas se materializam nos espaços. A intenção é compreender como as relações de cuidar se espacializam e como uma geografia dos cuidados engendrada pelos pais constitui uma geografia das parentalidades. Trazemos para o debate as pesquisas de Aitken (2019a, 2019b) sobre as famílias eslovenas que foram apagadas pela história, pelos instrumentos oficiais de cidadania e pela Lei de Estrangeiros e como isso afetou as relações de cuidado dos pais com seus filhos e suas filhas. Dando continuidade ao texto, apresentamos um tema que tem sido recorrente em nossas investigações, agora em território brasileiro: as práticas das benzedeiras e benzedores. Os trabalhos de Pereira e Gomes (2018) e Lopes (1998) nos ajudam a compreender melhor esses sujeitos que exercem os rituais de cura - que podem ser considerados práticas de cuidado - em que o benzedor vai forjando ao seu redor uma teia de proteção. Relacionando a figura do pai com a do benzedor, analisamos o personagem Zeca Chapéu Grande, do romance Torto arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior (2020), como uma representação possível desse sujeito que cuida de seus próprios filhos e filhas, ao mesmo tempo em que exerce uma paternidade que se expande para além de sua casa, abarcando todos aqueles que o procuram em busca de cuidado e proteção. Assim, ao longo do texto, a intenção foi evidenciar as relações entre pais e filhos e filhas que se dão nos espaços de suas vidas e como os pais vão criando uma geografia de cuidado em seu entorno.

RESUMEN. En este texto nuestra atención se centra en comprender cómo se materializan en los espacios las relaciones de cuidado entre padres, hijos e hijas. La intención es comprender cómo las relaciones de cuidado se vuelven espaciales, comprender cómo una geografía del cuidado engendrada por los padres constituye una geografía de la paternidad. Traemos al debate la investigación de Aitken (2019a, 2019b) sobre las familias eslovenas que fueron borradas por la historia, los instrumentos oficiales de ciudadanía y la Ley de Extranjería y cómo afectó las relaciones de cuidado de los padres con sus hijos e hijas. Continuando con el texto, presentamos un tema que ha venido siendo recurrente en nuestras investigaciones, ahora en territorio brasileño: las prácticas de los curanderos y bendectores. Los trabajos de Pereira y Gomes (2018) y Lopes (1998) nos ayudan a comprender mejor a estos sujetos que ejercen rituales curativos, que pueden considerarse prácticas de cuidado, en las que el bendector forja a su alrededor una red de protección. Relacionando la figura del padre con la de lo bendector, analizamos al personaje Zeca Chapéu Grande, de la novela Torto arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior (2020), como una posible representación de este sujeto que cuida a sus propios hijos e hijas al mismo tiempo que tiene una paternidad en expansión más allá de hogar, abrazando a todos aquellos que buscan cuidado y protección. Así, a lo largo del texto, la intención fue resaltar las relaciones entre padres e hijos e hijas que se dan en los espacios de sus vidas y cómo los padres están creando una geografía del cuidado en su entorno.

ABSTRACT. In this text, our attention is focused on understanding how the care relationships between parents, sons and daughters materialize in spaces. The objective is to understand how care relationships become spatial, to understand how a geography of care generated by parents constitutes a geography of parenting. We submit to the discussion Aitken's research (2019a, 2019b) on the Slovenian families that were erased by history, by the official instruments of citizenship and by the Foreigners' Law and how this affected care relationships between parents and their children. Further on, a recurrent topic is addressed in our research, now in Brazilian territory: the practices of healers and blessers. The works of Pereira and Gomes (2018) and Lopes (1998) help us to better understand these subjects who perform healing rituals—which can be considered care practices—in which the blesser raises around them a web of protection. Relating the figure of the father to that of the blesser, we analyze the character Zeca Chapéu Grande, from the novel Torto arado, by Itamar Vieira Junior (2020), as a possible representation of this subject who takes care of his own children while expanding paternity beyond his home, embracing all those who seek care and protection from him. Thus, throughout the text, the intention is to highlight the relationships between parents and children that occur in their living spaces and how parents are creating a geography of care in their surroundings.

Equivalência da escala de luto perinatal para escala de luto parental após a perda de um filho / Equivalencia de la escala de duelo perinatal para escala de duelo parental ante la pérdida de un hijo / Equivalence from the perinatal grief scale to the parental grief scale after the loss of a child

RESUMO Introdução: a manifestação mais comum do luto complicado é diante da morte de um filho. Neste contexto, observa-se a emergência da utilização de escalas direcionadas para pais na identificação do luto parenteral. Objetivo: realizar equivalência da Escala de Luto Perinatal para Escala de Luto Parental após a perda de um filho. Método: trata-se de um estudo metodológico, que envolve a coleta e análise dos dados através da equivalência linguística, semântica, cultural, conceitual e coloquial da escala de luto perinatal (EL Perinatal) para escala de luto parental (EL Parental) na língua portuguesa do Brasil. Resultados: para equivalência da EL Perinatal para EL Parental foi realizada a proposta de alteração da palavra "bebê" para "filho(a)" e as palavras do gênero feminino também foram possibilitadas para o gênero masculino na abordagem aos pais. O comitê de juízes especialistas participantes na adaptação transcultural e validação da EL Perinatal concordou em 100% das modificações. Conclusão: a proposta da EL Parental amplia a investigação do luto complicado para os pais que perderam seus filhos em todas as faixas etárias.

RESUMEN Introducción: la manifestación más común del duelo complicado es ante la muerte de un hijo. En este contexto, se observa la emergencia de la utilización de escalas dirigidas a padres en la identificación del luto parenteral. Objetivo: realizar equivalencia de la Escala de Luto Perinatal para Escala de Luto Parental después de la pérdida de un hijo. Método: se trata de un estudio metodológico, que involucra la recolección y el análisis de los datos a través de la equivalencia lingüística, semántica, cultural, conceptual y coloquial de la escala de luto perinatal (ELPerinatal) para escala de luto parental (ELParental) en la lengua portuguesa de Brasil. Resultados: para la equivalencia de ELPerinatal para ELParental fue realizada la propuesta de alteración de la palabra "bebé" para "hijo(a)" y las palabras del género femenino también fueron posibilitadas para el género masculino en el abordaje a los padres. El comité de jueces expertos que participaron en la adaptación transcultural y validación de ELPerinatal estuvieron el 100% de acuerdo con las modificaciones. Conclusión: la propuesta de ELParental amplía la investigación del luto complicado para los padres que perdieron a sus hijos en todas las edades.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most common manifestation of complicated grief comes with the death of a child. In this context, there is an urgent need for using scales aimed at parents in order to identify parental grief. Objective: To establish an equivalence from the Perinatal Grief Scale to the Parental Grief Scale after the loss of a child. Method: This is a methodological study involving data collection and analysis by means of a linguistic, semantic, cultural, conceptual and colloquial equivalence from the perinatal grief scale (Perinatal GS) to the parental grief scale (Parental GS) in Brazilian Portuguese. Results: For the equivalence from the Perinatal GS to the Parental GS, one proposal, applied to Brazilian Portuguese, and bearing in mind that the latter is a language with gendered words, was to replace bebê (baby) with filho(a) (son/daughter), and both feminine and masculine words were used when referring to parents. The committee of expert judges participating in the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Perinatal GS agreed on 100% of the changes. Conclusion: The proposal of the Parental GS expands the investigation of complicated grief for parents who have lost their children in all age groups.