Gluten-free sorghum pasta: starch digestibility and antioxidant capacity compared with commercial products.

BACKGROUND: The development of new products with a focus on nutrition, rather than other technical aspects, is essential to improve the quality of celiac diets. Nutritional attributes of white and brown sorghum gluten-free pasta developed in a previous work were analyzed. The extent and kinetics of starch in vitro digestion, estimated glycemic index (eGI), potentially bioaccessible and dialyzable polyphenols, and antioxidant activity were evaluated and compared with commercial products. RESULTS: Sorghum flour samples were used to obtain pasta with high protein (≈170 g kg-1 ), dietary fiber (≈80 g kg-1 ), polyphenols (2.6 g GA kg-1 pasta), and antioxidant activity. This sorghum pasta showed slower starch in vitro digestion than the other gluten-free pasta, with a high level of protein hydrolysis (76%). The highest eGI was observed in a rice sample (69.8) followed by a corn-based pasta (66.4). White and brown sorghum gluten-free pasta showed 2.9 and 2.4 times, respectively, higher potentially bioaccessible polyphenol content compared to that in cooked pasta. No significant variation in antioxidant activity was found in sorghum pasta after digestion and around 48% and 36% of activity was detected in dialysate. CONCLUSION: Both types of sorghum gluten-free pasta have demonstrated their nutritional value and represent a good potential alternative to current commercial pasta. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in wheat flour, instant noodle and biscuits commercialised in Brazil.

A total of 134 samples, consisting of 58 wheat flour, 40 instant noodle and 36 biscuits, were analysed for the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON). The samples were obtained from retail markets of the city of São Paulo during the period 2010-2014. DON was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and immunoaffinity sample clean-up. Method validation followed international guidelines. The LOD and LOQ were 60 and 200 µg kg-1, respectively, considering the three different types of samples analysed. The lowest recovery found in this study was 91.8% with RSD 4.5% for instant noodles. DON was detected in 91.4%, 97.5% and 97.2% of samples wheat flour, instant noodles and biscuits, respectively, resulting in a total of 94.8% with levels ranging from LOD to 1720.0 µg kg-1.

Análise econômica da inclusão de farinha do resíduo de tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, Mart) na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais

Objetivo-se com este trabalho foi analisar economicamente a inclusão de níveis de farinha do resíduo de tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, Mart), (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20%) em rações para poedeiras comerciais leves. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias divididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias, sendo utilizadas 160 poedeiras Dekalb White com 56 semanas. A farinha resíduo de tucumã foi utilizada nas rações como fonte energética e pigmentante da gema do ovo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de oito aves cada e os dados foram analisados utilizando regressão polinomial. O consumo acumulado de ração apresentou diferenças significativas (P0,05) para as demais variáveis. A farinha do resíduo de tucumã pode ser utilizada como ingrediente alternativo nas rações de poedeiras comerciais leves tendo o nível de inclusão de 5% apresentado maior rentabilidade. Até 20% de inclusão o custo das rações foi menor e o valor agregado bruto maior.

The objective of this study were analyzed economically the inclusion of different levels of flour residue of tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, Mart) (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) in diets for laying hens. The experiment lasted 84 days divided into four periods of 21 days, where were used 160 birds Dekalb White with 56 weeks of age. The residue tucumã flour was used in diets as an energy source and colored egg yolk. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates of eight birds each, and data were analyzed using polynomial regression. The cumulative feed intake showed significant differences (P0.05) for the other variables. The residue flour of tucumã can be used as an alternative ingredient in diets for laying hens with the inclusion level of 5% showed higher profitability. Up to 20%, the cost of feed was lower and higher profits.

Análise econômica da inclusão de farinha do resíduo de tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, Mart) na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais

Objetivo-se com este trabalho foi analisar economicamente a inclusão de níveis de farinha do resíduo de tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, Mart), (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20%) em rações para poedeiras comerciais leves. O experimento teve duração de 84 dias divididos em quatro períodos de 21 dias, sendo utilizadas 160 poedeiras Dekalb White com 56 semanas. A farinha resíduo de tucumã foi utilizada nas rações como fonte energética e pigmentante da gema do ovo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de oito aves cada e os dados foram analisados utilizando regressão polinomial. O consumo acumulado de ração apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05) sendo o nível de 6,27% o que apresentou maior consumo acumulado e o nível de 4,67% o ponto ótimo econômico para o consumo, havendo uma redução de até R$ 31,26 no custo de produção das rações considerando o nível de maior inclusão e o nível sem inclusão. O custo alimentar apresentou diferenças significativas (P<0,05), onde foi observado decréscimo no mesmo a partir da inclusão de farinha do resíduo de tucumã. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) para as demais variáveis. A farinha do resíduo de tucumã pode ser utilizada como ingrediente alternativo nas rações de poedeiras comerciais leves tendo o nível de inclusão de 5% apresentado maior rentabilidade. Até 20% de inclusão o custo das rações foi menor e o valor agregado bruto maior.(AU)

The objective of this study were analyzed economically the inclusion of different levels of flour residue of tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare, Mart) (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) in diets for laying hens. The experiment lasted 84 days divided into four periods of 21 days, where were used 160 birds Dekalb White with 56 weeks of age. The residue tucumã flour was used in diets as an energy source and colored egg yolk. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates of eight birds each, and data were analyzed using polynomial regression. The cumulative feed intake showed significant differences (P<0.05) with the level of 6.27% had the highest cumulative consumption in level of 4.67% and the economic optimum point for consumption, with a reduction of up to R$ 31.268 in the production cost of rations considering the level of inclusion and higher level without inclusion. The feed cost of the feed showed significant differences (P<0.05) decrease in cost checking as increased the level of inclusion as 5%. No were found significant differences (P>0.05) for the other variables. The residue flour of tucumã can be used as an alternative ingredient in diets for laying hens with the inclusion level of 5% showed higher profitability. Up to 20%, the cost of feed was lower and higher profits.(AU)