Core muscles thickness is not associated with knee frontal plane projection angle during single-leg squat in healthy people.

BACKGROUND: Core muscles play an important role in lower limb stability and alignment, with their weakness being associated with poor alignment and, consequently, with injuries. Despite muscle structure being critical to muscle strength production, we did not find studies associating the morphology of the core muscles and lower limb alignment during functional tasks. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is there association between thickness of core muscles (external oblique - EO, internal oblique - IO, transversus abdominis - TrA and gluteus medius - GMed) and lower limb alignment during the single-leg squat in healthy subjects? METHODS: Forty-six healthy participants (27 male and 19 female) performed the following evaluations: (i) measurements of muscle thickness of the EO, IO, TrA and GMed using ultrasound and (ii) measurements of lower limb alignment using the knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during the single-leg squat. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) was performed between the thickness of selected core muscles (OE, OI, TrA and GMed) and the knee FPPA. In addition, a partial correlation (r) was performed, using sex, physical activity level and body mass index as control variables. RESULTS: We did not observe significant correlations between the knee FPPA and the thickness of the EO (rs = 0.194; p = 0.197), IO (rs = 0.182; p = 0.225), TrA (rs = 0.073; p = 0.627) and GMed (rs = -0.092; p = 0.542). When controlling for sex, physical activity level and body mass index, similar results were observed [EO (r = 0.157; p = 0.316), IO (r = 0.261; p = 0.092), TrA (r = 0.030; p = 0.850) and GMed (r = -0.144; p = 0.356)] SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrated that core muscles' thickness is not associated with lower limb alignment during the single-leg squat in healthy people.

Standardization of metachromatic staining method of myofibrillar ATPase activity of myosin to skeletal striated muscle of mules and donkeys / Padronização do método de coloração metacromático da atividade da miosina ATPase miofibrilar para músculo estriado esquelético de muares e asininos

This study aims at standardizing the pre-incubation and incubation pH and temperature used in the metachromatic staining method of myofibrillar ATPase activity of myosin (mATPase) used for asses and mules. Twenty four donkeys and 10 mules, seven females and three males, were used in the study. From each animal, fragments from the Gluteus medius muscle were collected and percutaneous muscle biopsy was performed using a 6.0-mm Bergstrõm-type needle. In addition to the metachromatic staining method of mATPase, the technique of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) was also performed to confirm the histochemical data. The histochemical result of mATPase for acidic pre-incubation (pH=4.50) and alkaline incubation (pH=10.50), at a temperature of 37ºC, yielded the best differentiation of fibers stained with toluidine blue. Muscle fibers were identified according to the following colors: type I (oxidative, light blue), type IIA (oxidative-glycolytic, intermediate blue) and type IIX (glycolytic, dark blue). There are no reports in the literature regarding the characterization and distribution of different types of muscle fibers used by donkeys and mules when performing traction work, cargo transportation, endurance sports (horseback riding) and marching competitions. Therefore, this study is the first report on the standardization of the mATPase technique for donkeys and mules.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou padronizar o pH e a temperatura da pré-incubação e incubação do método de coloração metacromática de myofibrillar atividade ATPase da miosina (mATPase) utilizada para asininos e muares. Vinte e quatro jumentos e 10 muares, sete machos e três fêmeas, foram usados no estudo. De cada animal, fragmentos do músculo Gluteus medius foram coletados e biópsia muscular percutânea foi realizada por meio de uma agulha Bergstrõm tipo de 6,0 mm. Em adição ao método de coloração metacromática de mATPase, a técnica de nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido tetrazólio redutase (NADH-TR) foi também realizada para confirmar os dados histoquímicos. O resultado histoquímico da mATPase por pré-incubação ácida (pH=4,50) e incubação alcalina (pH=10,50), a uma temperatura de 37ºC, foi o que proporcionou a melhor diferenciação das fibras coradas com azul de toluidina. As fibras musculares foram identificadas de acordo com as seguintes cores: tipo I (oxidativa, azul claro), tipo IIA (oxidativo-glicolítico, azul intermediário) e tipo IIX (glycolytic, azul escuro). Na literatura, não foram encontradas publicações pertinentes à caracterização e distribuição dos diferentes tipos de fibras musculares utilizadas pelos asininos e muares nos trabalhos de tração, no transporte de cargas, em provas esportivas de resistência (cavalgadas) e concursos de marcha. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa é o primeiro relato sobre padronização da técnica de mATPase para muares e asininos.(AU)

Standardization of metachromatic staining method of myofibrillar ATPase activity of myosin to skeletal striated muscle of mules and donkeys / Padronização do método de coloração metacromático da atividade da miosina ATPase miofibrilar para músculo estriado esquelético de muares e asininos

This study aims at standardizing the pre-incubation and incubation pH and temperature used in the metachromatic staining method of myofibrillar ATPase activity of myosin (mATPase) used for asses and mules. Twenty four donkeys and 10 mules, seven females and three males, were used in the study. From each animal, fragments from the Gluteus medius muscle were collected and percutaneous muscle biopsy was performed using a 6.0-mm Bergstrõm-type needle. In addition to the metachromatic staining method of mATPase, the technique of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) was also performed to confirm the histochemical data. The histochemical result of mATPase for acidic pre-incubation (pH=4.50) and alkaline incubation (pH=10.50), at a temperature of 37ºC, yielded the best differentiation of fibers stained with toluidine blue. Muscle fibers were identified according to the following colors: type I (oxidative, light blue), type IIA (oxidative-glycolytic, intermediate blue) and type IIX (glycolytic, dark blue). There are no reports in the literature regarding the characterization and distribution of different types of muscle fibers used by donkeys and mules when performing traction work, cargo transportation, endurance sports (horseback riding) and marching competitions. Therefore, this study is the first report on the standardization of the mATPase technique for donkeys and mules...

O presente estudo objetivou padronizar o pH e a temperatura da pré-incubação e incubação do método de coloração metacromática de myofibrillar atividade ATPase da miosina (mATPase) utilizada para asininos e muares. Vinte e quatro jumentos e 10 muares, sete machos e três fêmeas, foram usados no estudo. De cada animal, fragmentos do músculo Gluteus medius foram coletados e biópsia muscular percutânea foi realizada por meio de uma agulha Bergstrõm tipo de 6,0 mm. Em adição ao método de coloração metacromática de mATPase, a técnica de nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido tetrazólio redutase (NADH-TR) foi também realizada para confirmar os dados histoquímicos. O resultado histoquímico da mATPase por pré-incubação ácida (pH=4,50) e incubação alcalina (pH=10,50), a uma temperatura de 37ºC, foi o que proporcionou a melhor diferenciação das fibras coradas com azul de toluidina. As fibras musculares foram identificadas de acordo com as seguintes cores: tipo I (oxidativa, azul claro), tipo IIA (oxidativo-glicolítico, azul intermediário) e tipo IIX (glycolytic, azul escuro). Na literatura, não foram encontradas publicações pertinentes à caracterização e distribuição dos diferentes tipos de fibras musculares utilizadas pelos asininos e muares nos trabalhos de tração, no transporte de cargas, em provas esportivas de resistência (cavalgadas) e concursos de marcha. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa é o primeiro relato sobre padronização da técnica de mATPase para muares e asininos...

Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics, hip strength, and gluteal muscle activation during a single-leg squat in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome.

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there are any differences between the sexes in trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics, hip strength, and gluteal muscle activation during the performance of a single-leg squat in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and control participants. BACKGROUND: Though there is a greater incidence of PFPS in females, PFPS is also quite common in males. Trunk kinematics may affect hip and knee function; however, there is a lack of studies of the influence of the trunk in individuals with PFPS. METHODS: Eighty subjects were distributed into 4 groups: females with PFPS, female controls, males with PFPS, and male controls. Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee kinematics and gluteal muscle activation were evaluated during a single-leg squat. Hip abduction and external rotation eccentric strength was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. Group differences were assessed using a 2-way multivariate analysis of variance (sex by PFPS status). RESULTS: Compared to controls, subjects with PFPS had greater ipsilateral trunk lean (mean ± SD, 9.3° ± 5.3° versus 6.7° ± 3.0°; P = .012), contralateral pelvic drop (10.3° ± 4.7° versus 7.4° ± 3.8°; P = .003), hip adduction (14.8° ± 7.8° versus 10.8° ± 5.6°; P<.0001), and knee abduction (9.2° ± 5.0° versus 5.8° ± 3.4°; P<.0001) when performing a single-leg squat. Subjects with PFPS also had 18% less hip abduction and 17% less hip external rotation strength. Compared to female controls, females with PFPS had more hip internal rotation (P<.05) and less muscle activation of the gluteus medius (P = .017) during the single-leg squat. CONCLUSION: Despite many similarities in findings for males and females with PFPS, there may be specific sex differences that warrant consideration in future studies and when clinically evaluating and treating females with PFPS.

Electromyography study of skeletal muscle during locomotion in a treadmill test: a case study.

Recent researches are trying to rebuild an important human history of its posture and march from the anatomic function evolutions of the skeletal muscle (10, 11, 9, 2). The aim of this study is to verify electromyography data of muscles recto femoris, iliocostalis, gluteus maximus, erector spinae, semitendinosus during human locomotion in two different treadmill protocols (Naughton and Bruce). Data analyses, such as mean was calculated on the Word Office Excel. For electromyography data Aqdata program was utilized. Muscles rectus femoris, iliocostalis, gluteus maximus, erector spinae, semitendinosus were studied using electromyography analyses during human locomotion in treadmill. A number of six individuals was selected for this research. For the Bruce test all individuals ended there participation in the test on the fourth or fifth stage. For the Naughton test all individuals completed the 21 minutes walking. For the Bruce test all the muscle had higher RMS mean when compared with Naughton test, due the effort level for each test.

Transposición del músculo gracilis como alternativa en el tratamiento de fístula rectovaginal persistente: reporte de un caso y revisión de literatura / Gracilis muscle transposition as an alternative in the treatment of persistent rectovaginal fistula: a case report and literature review

Describir el uso de la transposición del músculo gracilis como alternativa de tratamiento, en un caso de fístula rectovaginal recidivada y documentarla con la literatura actualizada. Estudio descriptivo de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura. Paciente femenina de 29 años quien acude a la consulta de cirugía del Hospital Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz por cursar desde hace 3 meses con secreción fecal persistente a través de vagina a pesar de tres cirugías previas. Se le realizó colgajo de mucosa rectal con recidiva de la fístula a los 7 días. La paciente es seleccionada para realizar transposición del músculo gracilis y ostomía derivativa como alternativa quirúrgica. Poca morbilidad, buena evolución postoperatoria, curación de la fístula rectovaginal, con un seguimiento sin recidivas durante 6 meses. El tratamiento de las fístulas rectovaginales persistentes es un problema complejo. La transposición del músculo gracilis es el tratamiento de elección en fístulas rectovaginales recurrentes, en las cuales han fallado reparaciones previas, por lo tanto, ofrece una alternativa de tejido viable con poca morbilidad postoperatoria y alto índice de curación.

Electromyographical study of the iliocostalis lumborum and gluteus maximus muscles during locomotion on a treadmill and in a ground.

The aim of this work was to study the potential action of the Iliocostalis lumborum and gluteus maximus muscles by electromyography during locomotion in a ground and on a treadmill in 10 male subjects ages 19 to 25 years old. To the locomotion in a ground, the subjects started running in a stationary place for 15 seconds and then ran 10 meters at an average speed of 6.0 mph. To locomotion on a treadmill it was also set 6.0 mph during 60 seconds. The registers presented here refer to the last 5 seconds to treadmill test and during the first 5 seconds to test in a ground. A LYNX- AI 6010 electromyography containing 6 channels was used for this study. It was established a frequency of 1200 Hz to acquire the electromyography's registers, being the low pass filter 600 Hz and the high pass filter 10 Hz. The configuration of the entrance limits of the signals was established at 2000 microV (high limit) and -2000 (low limit)microV for both muscles on a treadmill and in a ground. The results of the muscular potential actions presented in RMS were greater on a treadmill for both muscles, with the predominance of the gluteus maximus muscles when it was compared in a ground. When they were compared between them, the gluteus maximus muscle was more active than the Iliocostalis lumborum muscle.

Composição de fibras musculares esqueléticas de eqüinos jovens da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo / Composition of skeletal muscle fibers of young Brasileiro de Hipismo horse breed

The aim of this study was to typify the skeletal striated fibers of the gluteus medius muscle of young Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horses by means of histochemical analysis with m-ATPase and NADH-TR according to the sex and the biopsy depth. It was observed that the frequency (F;%) and the relative cross sectional area (RCSA;%) of the fibers type IIX were greater than the fibers type IIA, which F and RCSA were greater than the fibers type I. The comparison between sex and muscles depht, showed no significant difference in F and RCSA in the three types of fibers. The results of morphometry showed that the gluteus medius muscle has greater glycolitic metabolism and anaerobic capacity because of the presence of large proportion of type IIX fibers. This may be justified by the genetic influence of Thoroughbred in the formation of Brasileiro de Hipismo breed.(AU)

Composição de fibras musculares esqueléticas de eqüinos jovens da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo / Composition of skeletal muscle fibers of young Brasileiro de Hipismo horse breed

The aim of this study was to typify the skeletal striated fibers of the gluteus medius muscle of young Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horses by means of histochemical analysis with m-ATPase and NADH-TR according to the sex and the biopsy depth. It was observed that the frequency (F; percent) and the relative cross sectional area (RCSA; percent) of the fibers type IIX were greater than the fibers type IIA, which F and RCSA were greater than the fibers type I. The comparison between sex and muscles depht, showed no significant difference in F and RCSA in the three types of fibers. The results of morphometry showed that the gluteus medius muscle has greater glycolitic metabolism and anaerobic capacity because of the presence of large proportion of type IIX fibers. This may be justified by the genetic influence of Thoroughbred in the formation of Brasileiro de Hipismo breed.

Intramuscular gluteal implants.

The authors present a new space for the placement of gluteal implants in augmentation gluteoplasty. Placement of implants in this intramuscular anatomical space offers a good cosmetic result and seems to satisfy the demands of augmentation gluteoplasty in terms of safety, reproducibility, and esthetics.