Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 increases intestinal feruloyl esterase activity in mice.

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 on the intestinal feruloyl esterase (FE) activity and oxidative status of mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult Swiss albino mice received Lact. fermentum CRL1446 at the doses 10(7) and 10(9) cells per day per mouse for 2, 5, 7 and 10 days. Intestinal FE activity, intestinal microbiota counts, plasmatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) percentage and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were determined. Mice that received Lact. fermentum CRL1446 at the dose 10(7) cells per day for 7 days showed a twofold increase in total intestinal FE activity, compared to the nontreated group. In large intestine content, FE activity increased up to 6·4 times. No major quantitative changes in colonic microbiota were observed in treated animals. Administration of this strain produced an approx. 30-40% decrease in the basal levels of plasmatic TBARS and an approx. twofold increase in GR activity from day 5 of feeding with both doses. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of Lact. fermentum CRL1446 to mice increases total intestinal FE activity, decreases the basal percentage of plasmatic lipoperoxides and increases GR activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Lactobacillus fermentum CRL1446 could be orally administered as a dietary supplement or functional food for increasing the intestinal FE activity to enhance the bioavailability of ferulic acid, thus improving oxidative status.

Effects of long-term administration of Senna occidentalis seeds in the large bowel of rats.

Plants of the genus Senna that contain anthranoides derivatives are frequently used as cathartics. Radiological studies have demonstrated that patients with chronic constipation who have used stimulant laxative have colonic redundancy and dilatation more frequently than patients who have not. The objective of the present work was to study morphological and histochemical changes of the lower gut after administration of Senna occidentalis seeds for a long period to rats, as observed in skeletal muscle fibers. Fragments of the lower gut of young and adult rats treated with S. occidentalis seeds (2% for 171 days and 3% for 61 days in the diet) were submitted to histological and histochemical analysis and to densitometry. The most important finding was decreased oxidative enzyme activity in smooth muscle cells and in myenteric neurons of the large bowel. As oxidative metabolism is essential for ATP and energy production, these results suggest that the functional intestinal disturbance caused by the chronic use of Senna occidentalis as a laxative can be due to a metabolic effect involving energy production, which would decrease colonic motility and cause functional colonic dilatation, but without any irreversible anatomic change.

Análise das alteraçöes do óxido nítrico em pacientes com megacólon chagásico / Analysis of the alterations of nitric oxide in the patient with megacolon in Chaga's disease

A fisiopatologia da Doença de Chagas ainda näo está completamente esclarecida. O óxido nítrico (NO) tem sido citado como neurotransmissor responsável pelo relaxamento do esfíncter interno do ânus no indivíduo normal. Neuronal nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo fosfato (NADPH) diaforase pode ser usado como marcador neuronal do NO. Objetivos: Examinar as alteraçöes nos neurônios produtores de NO do cólon de pacientes submetidos à ressecçäo por megacólon avançado e comparar com o intestino delgado dos mesmos pacientes e com controles. Métodos: Espécimes obtidos da ressecçäo do reto e biópsias extramucosas do intestino delgado de 11 pacientes chagásicos foram comparadas a 10 pacientes controles com câncer de cólon. Os tecidos foram fixados em soluçäo de Zamboni e submetidos à histoquímica para neurônios contendo NADPH diaforase. A reatividade foi avaliada utilizando-se uma escala de 0 a 4 nas diversas camadas da parede intestinal: musculatura lisa longitudinal (ML), plexo mioentérico (PM), musculatura lisa circular (MC), plexo submucoso (PSM), e mucosa (M). Resultados: Os casos controles mostraram os plexos mioentérico e submucoso bem corados e uma rica rede de terminaçöes nervosas nas camadas musculares. Os espécimes provenientes de doentes chagásicos revelaram uma diminuiçäo da reatividade e da coloraçäo em todas as camadas do intestino. De maneira geral, houve uma diminuiçäo estatisticamente significante nos neurônios contendo NADPH diaforase. O intestino delgado clinicamente näo envolvido também demonstrou diminuiçäo da reatividade, porém em menor grau. Conclusöes: A atividade da NADPH diaforase está diminuída em pacientes com megacólon avançado, especialmente no plexo mioentérico e na camada muscular lisa; 2. Houve também uma diminuiçäo da atividade neuronal do NO no jejuno clinicamente näo envolvido pela doença, mas em menor grau