RÉSUMÉ
Fish gut is a versatile organ serving as the primary pathway for invasion by pathogens, particularly parasites, playing a crucial role in modulating the intestinal adaptive immune response. This study aimed to investigate the cellular-mediated reaction, mucosal acidity, and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD68 in the intestines of catfish, Clarias gariepinus, naturally infected with helminths. Forty catfish were collected from the Nile River and examined for intestinal parasites. The intestinal tissues of the control and infected fish were fixed for histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Two groups of helminths were found: cestodes Tetracampos ciliotheca and Polyonchobothrium clarias, and nematodes Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, with a prevalence rate of 63.63%, 18.0%, and 18.0%, respectively. Our results showed that the infected fish had a statistically significant rise in the activity of immune cells, including mast cells, eosinophil granular cells, and dendritic cells. This correlated with upregulation in the expressions of PCNA, VEGF, and CD68. Histochemical analyses demonstrated a marked increase in acidic mucus production, Sudan black B, and bromophenol mercury blue. This study enriches our understanding of the evolution of vertebrate immunity in combating intestinal parasitic infections and the host's adaptive responses.
Sujet(s)
Poissons-chats , Maladies des poissons , Helminthoses animales , Muqueuse intestinale , Animaux , Poissons-chats/parasitologie , Maladies des poissons/parasitologie , Maladies des poissons/immunologie , Muqueuse intestinale/parasitologie , Muqueuse intestinale/immunologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Immunité cellulaire , Facteur de croissance endothéliale vasculaire de type A/métabolisme , Antigène nucléaire de prolifération cellulaire/métabolisme , Antigènes de différenciation des myélomonocytes/métabolisme , Parasitoses intestinales/médecine vétérinaire , Parasitoses intestinales/parasitologie , Parasitoses intestinales/immunologie , Antigènes CD/métabolismeRÉSUMÉ
The present paper comprises a systematic survey of helminths (trematodes, an acanthocephalan and nematodes) found in nine species of freshwater fishes in Ecuador collected in March 1999 and those (a trematode and acanthocephalans) collected from an amphibian and two species of freshwater fishes in Venezuela in 1992, 1996 and 2001. The following 17 helminth species were recorded: Trematoda: Prosthenhystera ornamentosa sp. n., P. obesa (Diesing, 1850), Crassicutis intermedius (Szidat, 1954), C. cichlasomae Manter, 1936 and Glypthelmins eleutherodactyli sp. n. Acanthocephala: Quadrigyrus torquatus Van Cleave, 1920, Gracilisentis variabilis (Diesing, 1851) and Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) ecuadoris sp. n. Nematoda: Cosmoxynema vianai Travassos, 1949, Travnema travnema Pereira, 1938, Touzeta ecuadoris Petter, 1987, Sprentascaris hypostomi Petter et Cassone, 1984, Sprentascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. Type 1 larvae, Contracaecum sp. Type 2 larvae, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) peraccuratus Pinto, Noronha et Rolas, 1976 and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. juv. Nearly all of these parasites are reported from Ecuador or Venezuela for the first time and many of these findings represent new host records. The new species P. ornamentosa sp. n. was collected from the gall-bladder of an unidentified anostomid (Anostomidae, Characiformes) in Ecuador, G. eleutherodactyli sp. n. from the digestive tract of the frog Eleutherodactylus sp. (Eleutherodactylidae, Anura) in Venezuela and N. (N.) ecuadoris sp. n. from the intestine of Lebiasina sp. (Lebiasinidae, Characiformes) in Ecuador. Most parasites are briefly described and illustrated and problems concerning their morphology, taxonomy, hosts and geographical distribution are discussed.
Sujet(s)
Amphibiens , Maladies des poissons , Poissons , Eau douce , Helminthoses animales , Helminthes , Animaux , Venezuela/épidémiologie , Équateur/épidémiologie , Poissons/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Amphibiens/parasitologie , Helminthes/classification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Maladies des poissons/parasitologie , Maladies des poissons/épidémiologieRÉSUMÉ
Fish parasitology contributes to our understanding of the potential risks posed by diverse groups of parasitic organisms on fish stocks in either wild and culture systems. This study was conducted in May 2023 and aimed at assessing the diversity of endohelminths in the invasive North African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) obtained from two freshwater lakes, Naivasha and Ol'Bolossat, in Kenya. Parasitological examination of 66 and 35 fish samples collected from the two lakes respectively was achieved using light and scanning electron microscopy methods. Results revealed endohelminth diversity broadly classified as four digeneans, two nematodes, and one cestode. Seven taxa of endohelminths were found in C. gariepinus samples, but only four of these taxa could be identified up to the species level. Six of the taxa (Diplostomum sp., Tylodelphys mashonense, Plagiorchioidea sp., Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, Contracaecum sp., and Tetracampos ciliotheca) were common in samples from the two lakes. Glossidium pedatum only occurred in samples from Lake Ol'Bolossat. Parasite prevalence ranged from 8.6 (T. mashonense) to 100% (Diplostomum sp., T. ciliotheca, and Contracaecum sp.) and mean intensity from 1.4 (T. mashonense) to 16.9 (Diplostomum sp.). The diversity and richness indices were comparatively higher in fish samples from Lake Ol'Bolossat and attributed to the occurrence of G. pedatum in the Ol'Bolossat. However, parasitic infestation of fish samples from the two lakes depicted close similarity, both in diversity and prevalence. These findings form an important baseline data for further follow-up studies, and they suggest the need for further molecular analyses to fully describe three of the taxa only identified up to the genus level.
Sujet(s)
Poissons-chats , Maladies des poissons , Lacs , Animaux , Kenya/épidémiologie , Lacs/parasitologie , Poissons-chats/parasitologie , Maladies des poissons/parasitologie , Maladies des poissons/épidémiologie , Helminthes/classification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Microscopie , Biodiversité , Microscopie électronique à balayage , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologieRÉSUMÉ
To determine the current reservoir status and prevalence of Opisthorchis felineus infection in opisthorchiosis-endemic areas, feces samples were collected from 103 cats and 101 dogs admitted to shelters or discount sterilization centers from various districts of Novosibirsk city and from villages and towns along the Ob River (Novosibirsk Oblast). The feces samples were evaluated using two methods simultaneously: the formalin-ether sedimentation assay and a modified flotation assay. The prevalence of opisthorchiid infection was higher among cats (12.6%; 95% confidence interval 6.9-20.6%) than among dogs (4.0%; 95% confidence interval 1.1-9.8%). Overall prevalence of endoparasites among cats was 42.7% (five helminthic and four protozoan species) and among dogs 51.5% (eight helminthic and five protozoan species). Among the parasites found in the dogs, the prevalence of Sarcocystis sp. was the highest (16.8%), and in cats, the highest prevalence was shown by Giardia sp. and Toxocara cati (14.6% for each species). These results confirm the considerable contribution of stray cats and dogs to the maintenance of opisthorchiid eggs in the environment; these data should be taken into account for the development of effective control and education programs.
Sujet(s)
Maladies des chats , Maladies des chiens , Fèces , Animaux , Chats , Chiens , Maladies des chats/épidémiologie , Maladies des chats/parasitologie , Maladies des chiens/épidémiologie , Maladies des chiens/parasitologie , Sibérie/épidémiologie , Prévalence , Fèces/parasitologie , Opisthorchiase/épidémiologie , Opisthorchiase/médecine vétérinaire , Opisthorchiase/parasitologie , Mâle , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Femelle , Opisthorchis/isolement et purificationRÉSUMÉ
Snakes of the genus Bothrops inhabit tropical forests in Central and South America and are important for the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries because of the chemical properties of their venom. They serve as either definitive or intermediate hosts for many parasitic helminths. The Marajó Island (Brazil) is the natural habitat of venomous snakes, Bothrops atrox and Bothrops marajoensis, which are often found around rural and peri-urban areas and are known to bite humans. Samples of helminths parasitizing the oral cavity, subcutaneous tissues, coelomic cavity, and intestine of four B. atrox from Marajó Island (Pará-Brazil) were collected. The specimens studied were taxonomically classified as trematodes of the species Stycholecitha serpentis, nematodes of the genera Eustrongylides and Camallanus and cystacanths of an acanthocephalan of the genus Centrorhynchus. The aims of the present study were: to record helminths found in B. atrox from the Marajó Island; to discuss their role as definitive, intermediate, or paratenic hosts; and to compile a list of helminths that have been recorded in snakes of the genus Bothrops of the Neotropical region.
Sujet(s)
Bothrops , Helminthoses animales , Animaux , Bothrops/parasitologie , Brésil/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Mâle , Helminthes/classification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Femelle , Bothrops atroxRÉSUMÉ
Shrews and small rodents inhabit the drainage channel banks in reclai med areas and have their own helminth complex. The aim of the study is to conduct the 3rd research period during 2015-2019 the helminth fauna of these animals living on the drainage channel banks of model reclamation systems in Brest Polesie (south-western part of Belarus), to establish the species composition of helminths and the animal infection by these, and to compare the data obtained with previous research periods. 4,000 trap-days were worked out. 151 specimens of shrews of 4 species and 510 small rodents of 8 species were caught. Animals were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissections. Their numbers were 3.78 and 12.75 individuals per 100 trap-days, and helminth infection was 94.7% and 65.9%, respectively. 66 helminth species were found in animals. The dominant helminth species in infection have been identified. The trematode Prosolecithus danubica Tkach et Bray, 1995 (definitive host: common shrew), the acanthocephalans Centhrorhynchus aluconis (Müller, 1780) (larval host: lesser shrew) and Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811) (definitive host: striped field mouse) are new species of helminths for Belarus. New hosts in Belarus have been found for 6 helminth species. Shrews and small rodents are involved in the life cycles of bird, non-ruminant artiodactyl and carnivorous mammal helminths. Nine helminth species have significance for medicine and 7 species for veterinary science. The results are compared with data from the 1st (1996-1999) and 2nd (2005-2010) research periods.
Sujet(s)
Helminthoses animales , Helminthes , Rodentia , Musaraignes , Animaux , Musaraignes/parasitologie , Rodentia/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Helminthes/classification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Maladies des rongeurs/parasitologie , Maladies des rongeurs/épidémiologie , République du Belarus/épidémiologieRÉSUMÉ
Among parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in Poland, the best known are species of digenetic trematodes and cestodes. Nematodes of this bird species are not well known. Black-headed gulls, due to their varied diet, migration, life in a flock, and changes of habitat, can become infected with various species of helminths, and like synanthropic birds, they can spread the dispersal stages of parasites across urban and recreational areas. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify the helminth fauna of C. ridibundus from breeding colonies in north-central Poland. The aim of the study was to describe the taxonomic structure of parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull and determine the quantitative parameters of their occurrence. A total of 43 black-headed gulls were examined post-mortem for gastrointestinal helminths, resulting in the identification of four cestodes (Paricterotaenia porosa, Lateriporus clerci, Anomotaenia micracantha, and Wardium fusum), three trematodes (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Plagiorchis laricola, and Apophallus muehlingi), and three nematodes (Eucoleus contortus, Cosmocephalus obvelatus, and Porrocaecum ensicaudatum). Lateriporus clerci (in adult form), C. obvelatus and P. ensicaudatum (in larval form) were recorded for the first time in the black-headed gull in Poland.
Sujet(s)
Maladies des oiseaux , Charadriiformes , Helminthes , Animaux , Pologne , Charadriiformes/parasitologie , Maladies des oiseaux/parasitologie , Maladies des oiseaux/épidémiologie , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Helminthes/classification , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , SélectionRÉSUMÉ
The aim of this study was to record Centrorhynchus sp. associated with the exotic species Aquarana catesbeiana (bullfrog) in southern Brazil and to present a checklist of vertebrate hosts in South America. Twenty-nine adults and juveniles of A. catesbeiana were collected in Capão do Leão, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between October 2019 and December 2020. We found 275 specimens of Centrorhynchus sp. cystacanths in the stomach musculature and coelomic cavity of 55.1% of hosts (16). There was no significant differences in the prevalence and mean intensity of infection with cystacanths when compared males and females of A. catesbeiana. The prevalence was significantly higher in adults than in juveniles. The checklist presents 106 species of vertebrate hosts and 14 taxa of Centrorhynchus recorded in nine South American countries. Avian were the main definitive hosts of Centrorhynchus spp. and snakes Dipsadidae, anurans Hylidae and Leptodactylidae the main paratenic hosts in South America. This is the first record of Centrorhynchus cystacanths in A. catesbeiana in the South America. The study provides tools to help understand the parasitic relationships between species of Centrorhynchus and A. catesbeiana and other hosts in areas where bullfrog have been introduced.
Sujet(s)
Acanthocephala , Anura , Liste de contrôle , Animaux , Anura/parasitologie , Femelle , Mâle , Brésil , Acanthocephala/classification , Acanthocephala/isolement et purification , Amérique du Sud , Prévalence , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Vertébrés/parasitologie , Oiseaux/parasitologie , Serpents/parasitologieRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: One of the constrain in proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) conservation is gastrointestinal helminth (GH) infection. Here, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of GHs in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia. METHODS: Twenty fecal samples were collected from three groups (i.e., nursery cage [NC] [n = 1], communal show cage [SC] [n = 8], and free-ranging colonies [FC] [n = 11]). The fecal samples have been examined through McMaster and sugar floatation techniques. RESULTS: The total prevalence of GH infection was 85.00% (17/20). We confirmed infection of Trichuris sp., Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., and Hymenolepis nana with Trichuris eggs was dominant. Although the prevalence of infection was high, the number of eggs per gram (epg) was low. CONCLUSION: GH infection in captive proboscis monkeys in Surabaya Zoo, Indonesia, is highly prevalent. These results were useful for future research, control, and prevention of zoonotic potency purposes.
Sujet(s)
Animaux de zoo , Helminthoses animales , Maladies des singes , Animaux , Indonésie/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Maladies des singes/parasitologie , Maladies des singes/épidémiologie , Prévalence , Fèces/parasitologie , Colobinae/parasitologie , Femelle , Mâle , PresbytiniRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Digital imaging combined with deep-learning-based computational image analysis is a growing area in medical diagnostics, including parasitology, where a number of automated analytical devices have been developed and are available for use in clinical practice. METHODS: The performance of Parasight All-in-One (AIO), a second-generation device, was evaluated by comparing it to a well-accepted research method (mini-FLOTAC) and to another commercially available test (Imagyst). Fifty-nine canine and feline infected fecal specimens were quantitatively analyzed by all three methods. Since some samples were positive for more than one parasite, the dataset consisted of 48 specimens positive for Ancylostoma spp., 13 for Toxocara spp. and 23 for Trichuris spp. RESULTS: The magnitude of Parasight AIO counts correlated well with those of mini-FLOTAC but not with those of Imagyst. Parasight AIO counted approximately 3.5-fold more ova of Ancylostoma spp. and Trichuris spp. and 4.6-fold more ova of Toxocara spp. than the mini-FLOTAC, and counted 27.9-, 17.1- and 10.2-fold more of these same ova than Imagyst, respectively. These differences translated into differences between the test sensitivities at low egg count levels (< 50 eggs/g), with Parasight AIO > mini-FLOTAC > Imagyst. At higher egg counts Parasight AIO and mini-FLOTAC performed with comparable precision (which was significantly higher that than Imagyst), whereas at lower counts (> 30 eggs/g) Parasight was more precise than both mini-FLOTAC and Imagyst, while the latter two methods did not significantly differ from each other. CONCLUSIONS: In general, Parasight AIO analyses were both more precise and sensitive than mini-FLOTAC and Imagyst and quantitatively correlated well with mini-FLOTAC. While Parasight AIO produced lower raw counts in eggs-per-gram than mini-FLOTAC, these could be corrected using the data generated from these correlations.
Sujet(s)
Maladies des chats , Maladies des chiens , Fèces , Numération des oeufs de parasites , Animaux , Chats , Chiens , Fèces/parasitologie , Maladies des chiens/parasitologie , Maladies des chiens/diagnostic , Numération des oeufs de parasites/méthodes , Numération des oeufs de parasites/médecine vétérinaire , Numération des oeufs de parasites/instrumentation , Maladies des chats/parasitologie , Maladies des chats/diagnostic , Toxocara/isolement et purification , Ancylostoma/isolement et purification , Trichuris/isolement et purification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Helminthes/classification , Helminthoses animales/diagnostic , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , OvuleRÉSUMÉ
This review summarises studies on distribution, diversity, and prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections in wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that 109 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminth species or species complexes were recorded in 10 sub-Saharan African countries. South Africa reported the highest number of species because most studies were carried out in this country. Eighty-eight nematode species or species complexes were recorded from 30 wild ruminant species across eight countries. The genus Trichostrongylus recorded the highest number of species and utilised the highest number of wild ruminant species, and along with Haemonchus spp., was the most widely distributed geographically. Fifteen trematode species or species complexes were reported from seven countries. The genus Paramphistomum recorded the highest number of species, and Calicophoron calicophoron was the most commonly occurring species in sub-Saharan African countries and infected the highest number of hosts. Six cestode species or species complexes from one family were documented from 14 wild hosts in seven countries. Moniezia spp. were the most commonly distributed in terms of host range and geographically. Impala were infected by the highest number of nematodes, whilst Nyala were infected by the highest number of trematode species. Greater kudu and Impala harbored the largest number of cestodes. The prevalence amongst the three GIT helminths taxa ranged between 1.4% and 100% for nematodes, 0.8% and 100% for trematodes, and 1.4% and 50% for cestodes. There is still limited information on the distribution and diversity of GIT helminths in wild ruminants in most sub-Saharan African countries.
Sujet(s)
Tube digestif , Helminthoses animales , Helminthes , Ruminants , Animaux , Afrique subsaharienne/épidémiologie , Ruminants/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthes/classification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Helminthes/génétique , Tube digestif/parasitologie , Prévalence , Animaux sauvages/parasitologie , Biodiversité , Nematoda/classification , Nematoda/isolement et purificationRÉSUMÉ
IMPORTANCE: Equines are indispensable in reducing the huge burden on children and women and income generation. On the other hand, minimal attention is given to improving their health and welfare. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and associated risk factors of helminth parasites of equine in the Gamo Gofa Zone. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was employed from June 2019 to March 2020. The study districts and Kebeles were selected purposively based on agroecology whereas selection of study households and animals were performed based on simple random sampling techniques. Identification of nematode, trematode parasite ova and larvae of D. arnfieldi were done by floatation, sedimentation, and Baermann techniques respectively. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression was applied to estimate the prevalence and association of risk factors with helminth parasites. RESULTS: The overall helminth parasite prevalence in the study area was 90.4%, 425/470 (95% [CI], 87.16-92.9). The prevalence of Strongyle, Fasciola, O. equi, P. equorum, D. arnfieldi, and mixed parasite infections were 65.1%, 21.7%, 17.4%, 34%, 34%, and 58.1%, respectively. Infections from Fasciola species and D. arnfieldi infection were four ([AOR], 4.4; 95% CI, 2-9.4) and two times (AOR, 2; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6) respectively more likely occur in donkeys than in mules. The occurrence of Strongyle species in midland agroecology was two times (AOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4-4.7) more likely than lowland agroecology. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The present study identified diverse species of equine helminth parasites that necessitate urgent disease control and prevention measures.
Sujet(s)
Helminthoses animales , Helminthes , Maladies des chevaux , Animaux , Éthiopie/épidémiologie , Equus caballus , Prévalence , Facteurs de risque , Études transversales , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Maladies des chevaux/épidémiologie , Maladies des chevaux/parasitologie , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Helminthes/classification , Femelle , MâleRÉSUMÉ
Acanthocephalans, in their adult stage, are obligatory parasites of many types of vertebrates, including anuran amphibians. Their complex life cycle always involves an arthropod intermediate host but may include non-obligatory strategies that could improve transmission success, such as paratenic infections. In paratenic hosts, these parasites are normally found loose in the body cavity or encysted in internal organs. Here, we present the first report of acanthocephalans found encysted under the skin of an amphibian (i.e., external to its body cavity). The specimen, a clay robber frog [Haddadus binotatus (Spix, 1824)], had been collected in an Atlantic Forest area in southeastern Brazil. Upon examination of the frog, we recovered two specimens of acanthocephalan (Order Echinorhynchida) encysted under the skin of its venter. Considering the host's relatively small size and its thin ventral musculature, we believe that the acanthocephalans may have accidentally trespassed the muscular tissue while attempting to encyst in the frog's internal body wall.
Sujet(s)
Acanthocephala , Anura , Helminthoses animales , Animaux , Acanthocephala/isolement et purification , Acanthocephala/physiologie , Acanthocephala/classification , Brésil , Anura/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Peau/parasitologieRÉSUMÉ
This guideline is aimed at those who are involved in the assessment of anthelmintic efficacy in ruminant livestock species (bovine, ovine and caprine). The intent is to provide a framework that can be adopted worldwide for the testing of anthelmintics in ruminants, such that studies carried out in different countries can be compared and thereby unnecessary duplication can be reduced. Recommendations are made for the selection, housing and feeding of study animals, the type of studies required, the method used to conduct those studies, the assessment of results and the standards for defining anthelmintic efficacy.
Sujet(s)
Anthelminthiques , Capra , Ruminants , Animaux , Anthelminthiques/usage thérapeutique , Bovins , Ovis , Ruminants/parasitologie , Maladies des ovins/traitement médicamenteux , Maladies des ovins/parasitologie , Maladies des chèvres/traitement médicamenteux , Maladies des chèvres/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/traitement médicamenteux , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Maladies des bovins/traitement médicamenteux , Maladies des bovins/parasitologieRÉSUMÉ
The current investigation was carried out during the period from July 2022 to March 2023, aiming to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in domestic birds collected from traditional markets in Guilan province. One hundred forty-eight domestic birds, including chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), greylag geese (Anser anser), and domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) were examined. Totally, 42.56% of the investigated birds were positive for helminthic parasites. Morphological analysis revealed varying infection rates among birds: Echinostoma revolutum (5.40%), Hypoderaeum conoideum (2.02%), Cloacotaenia megalops (0.67%), Hymenolepididae family (4.05%), Ascaridia galli (16.89%), and Heterakis gallinarum (4.72%). The investigation involved molecular analysis of the 18S and ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2 rRNA gene regions. The findings indicated that the 18S region of nematode isolates exhibited a similarity of 92 to 100% with sequences in the GenBank, whereas trematode and cestode isolates showed a gene similarity ranging from 88 to 99%. The ITS regions of nematode, trematode, and cestode isolates exhibited genetic similarities ranging from 87 to 100%, 73-99%, and 75-99%, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis confirmed the categorization of the identified species within the Ascaridiidae, Heterakidae, Hymenolepididae, and Echinostomatidae families, indicating their close affinity with previously documented species. Implementing precise control measures such as consistent monitoring, adequate sanitation protocols, and administering anthelmintic treatments is crucial for effectively managing parasitic infections in free-range and backyard poultry farms. Additionally, conducting further surveys is advisable to assess the impact of these parasites on the health and productivity of poultry in the investigated area.
Sujet(s)
Helminthoses animales , Animaux , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Iran/épidémiologie , Une seule santé , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Helminthes/génétique , Helminthes/classification , Prévalence , Maladies de la volaille/parasitologie , Maladies de la volaille/épidémiologie , Phylogenèse , Maladies des oiseaux/parasitologie , Maladies des oiseaux/épidémiologie , Canards/parasitologieRÉSUMÉ
In freshwater ecosystems, parasite infection patterns are influenced by factors including spatial-temporal variations, host diet, and habitat. Fish often change diets, affecting their parasite communities. This study focused on non-native host fish Geophagus sveni, aiming to characterize diet and endoparasitic helminth fauna patterns in the invaded area, investigating spatial and seasonal possible differences of endoparasite infections and correlating with host diet, in São José dos Dourados River and Tietê River areas. The host fish were collected in these areas during the dry and rainy season using gillnets. The endoparasites were collected and preserved in alcohol and identified using taxonomic methods, and stomach contents were examined for diet analysis. Parasitism descriptors were calculated and evaluated spatially and seasonally by ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. PERMANOVA assessed G. sveni diet differences, and RDA correlated the endohelminth abundance with the host diet. Two endoparasites were recorded: metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Trematoda) and larvae and adults of Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) lanfrediae (Nematoda). Spatial differences were observed for the mean abundance and prevalence of R. (S.) lanfrediae and A. compactum prevalence. Seasonal variations of parasitic descriptors occurred for the nematode in the Tietê River area. The detritus and aquatic insects were the most consumed items by G. sveni. Detritus consumption positively correlates with nematode abundance. The findings indicate that factors such as artificial channels and rainfall, which can influence resource availability, may affect the fish's diet and potentially influence the structure of its endoparasite community. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding trophic chain-transmitted parasites and calls for further research in Neotropical environments.
Sujet(s)
Régime alimentaire , Maladies des poissons , Helminthoses animales , Rivières , Saisons , Animaux , Rivières/parasitologie , Maladies des poissons/parasitologie , Maladies des poissons/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Trematoda/isolement et purification , Trematoda/classification , Brésil/épidémiologie , Nematoda/isolement et purification , Nematoda/classification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Helminthes/classification , Contenus gastro-intestinaux/parasitologieRÉSUMÉ
Parasites and free-living amoebae (FLA) are common pathogens that pose threats to wildlife and humans. The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) is a near-threatened species and there is a shortage of research on its parasite diversity. Our study aimed to use noninvasive methods to detect intestinal parasites and pathogenic FLA in G. nigricollis using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) based on the 18S rDNA V9 region. A total of 38 fresh fecal samples were collected in Dashanbao, China, during the overwintering period (early-, middle I-, middle II-, and late-winter). Based on the 18S data, eight genera of parasites were identified, including three protozoan parasites: Eimeria sp. (92.1%) was the dominant parasite, followed by Tetratrichomonas sp. (36.8%) and Theileria sp. (2.6%). Five genera of helminths were found: Echinostoma sp. (100%), Posthodiplostomum sp. (50.0%), Euryhelmis sp. (26.3%), Eucoleus sp. (50.0%), and Halomonhystera sp. (2.6%). Additionally, eight genera of FLA were detected, including the known pathogens Acanthamoeba spp. (n = 13) and Allovahlkampfia spp. (n = 3). Specific PCRs were used to further identify the species of some parasites and FLA. Furthermore, the 18S data indicated significant changes in the relative abundance and genus diversity of the protozoan parasites and FLA among the four periods. These results underscore the importance of long-term monitoring of pathogens in black-necked cranes to protect this near-endangered species.
Title: Métabarcoding des protozoaires et des helminthes chez les grues à cou noir : forte prévalence de parasites et d'amibes libres. Abstract: Les parasites et les amibes libres sont des agents pathogènes courants qui constituent une menace pour la faune et les humains. La grue à cou noir (Grus nigricollis) est une espèce quasi menacée et les recherches sur sa diversité parasitaire sont insuffisantes. Notre étude visait à utiliser des méthodes non invasives pour détecter les parasites intestinaux et les amibes libres pathogènes chez G. nigricollis en utilisant le séquençage à haut débit basé sur la région V9 de l'ADNr 18S. Au total, 38 échantillons de matières fécales fraîches ont été collectés à Dashanbao, en Chine, au cours de la période d'hivernage (début, milieu I, milieu II et fin de l'hiver). Sur la base des données 18S, huit genres de parasites ont été identifiés, dont trois parasites protozoaires : Eimeria sp. (92,1 %) était le parasite dominant, suivi de Tetratrichomonas sp. (36,8 %) et Theileria sp. (2,6 %). Cinq genres d'helminthes ont été trouvés : Echinostoma sp. (100 %), Posthodiplostomum sp. (50,0 %), Euryhelmis sp. (26,3 %), Eucoleus sp. (50,0 %) et Halomonhystera sp. (2,6 %). De plus, huit genres d'amibes libres ont été détectés, y compris les agents pathogènes connus Acanthamoeba spp. (n = 13) et Allovahlkampfia spp. (n = 3). Des PCR spécifiques ont été utilisées pour identifier davantage les espèces de certains parasites et amibes libres. En outre, les données 18S ont indiqué des changements significatifs dans l'abondance relative et la diversité des genres des parasites protozoaires et des amibes au cours des quatre périodes. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de la surveillance à long terme des agents pathogènes chez les grues à cou noir pour protéger cette espèce quasi menacée.
Sujet(s)
Oiseaux , Codage à barres de l'ADN pour la taxonomie , Fèces , Helminthes , ARN ribosomique 18S , Animaux , Fèces/parasitologie , Helminthes/classification , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Helminthes/génétique , ARN ribosomique 18S/génétique , Oiseaux/parasitologie , Séquençage nucléotidique à haut débit , Prévalence , Chine/épidémiologie , Maladies des oiseaux/parasitologie , Maladies des oiseaux/épidémiologie , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Eimeria/isolement et purification , Eimeria/classification , Eimeria/génétique , Theileria/isolement et purification , Theileria/génétique , Theileria/classification , Amoeba/isolement et purification , Amoeba/classification , Amoeba/génétique , ADN des protozoaires/isolement et purification , Parasitoses intestinales/médecine vétérinaire , Parasitoses intestinales/parasitologie , Parasitoses intestinales/épidémiologie , Saisons , PhylogenèseRÉSUMÉ
Helminth infections in grazing ruminants are a major issue for livestock farming globally, but are unavoidable in outdoor grazing systems and must be effectively managed to avoid deleterious effects to animal health, and productivity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are transforming our understanding of the genetic basis of anthelmintic resistance (AR) and epidemiological studies of ruminant gastrointestinal parasites. They also have the potential to not only help develop and validate molecular diagnostic tests but to be directly used in routine diagnostics integrating species-specific identification and AR into a single test. Here, we review how these developments have opened the pathway for the development of multi-AR and multispecies identification in a single test, with widespread implications for sustainable livestock farming for the future.
Sujet(s)
Helminthoses animales , Séquençage nucléotidique à haut débit , Ruminants , Animaux , Ruminants/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/diagnostic , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Séquençage nucléotidique à haut débit/méthodes , Helminthes/génétique , Résistance aux substances/génétiqueRÉSUMÉ
We searched for common patterns in parasite ecology by investigating species and host contributions to the beta-diversity of infracommunities (=assemblages of parasites harboured by a host individual) in helminths of three species of South African ungulates and fleas of 11 species of South American rodents, assuming that a comparison of patterns in distinctly different parasites and hosts would allow us to judge the generality or, at least, commonness of these patterns. We used data on species' composition and numbers of parasites and asked whether (i) parasite species' attributes (life cycle, transmission mode, and host specificity in helminths; possession of sclerotized combs, microhabitat preference, and host specificity in fleas) or their population structure (mean abundance and/or prevalence) and (ii) host characteristics (sex and age) affect parasite and host species' contributions to parasite beta-diversity (SCBD and HCBD, respectively). We found that parasite species' morphological and ecological attributes were mostly not associated with their SCBD. In contrast, parasite SCBD, in both ungulates and rodents, significantly increased with either parasite mean abundance or prevalence or both. The effect of host characteristics on HCBD was detected in a few hosts only. In general, parasite infracommunities' beta-diversity appeared to be driven by variation in parasite species rather than the uniqueness of the assemblages harboured by individual hosts. We conclude that some ecological patterns (such as the relationships between SCBD and parasite abundance/prevalence) appear to be common and do not differ between different host-parasite associations in different geographic regions, whereas other patterns (the relationships between SCBD and parasite species' attributes) are contingent and depend on parasite and host identities.
Sujet(s)
Helminthoses animales , Helminthes , Rodentia , Siphonaptera , Animaux , Siphonaptera/physiologie , Siphonaptera/classification , Helminthoses animales/parasitologie , Helminthoses animales/épidémiologie , Helminthes/classification , Helminthes/physiologie , Helminthes/isolement et purification , Rodentia/parasitologie , République d'Afrique du Sud , Mâle , Femelle , Biodiversité , Interactions hôte-parasite , Maladies des rongeurs/parasitologie , Maladies des rongeurs/épidémiologie , Amérique du Sud , Spécificité d'hôte , Infestations par les puces/parasitologie , Infestations par les puces/médecine vétérinaire , Infestations par les puces/épidémiologie , PrévalenceRÉSUMÉ
Acanthocephalans are a group of obligate endoparasites that alternate between vertebrates and invertebrates to complete their life cycles. Occasionally, the same individual host acts as a definitive or paratenic host for different acanthocephalan species. In this study, acanthocephalans were sampled in marine fish in three localities of the Yucatán Peninsula; adults and cystacanths were recovered from the intestine and body cavity, respectively, of Haemulon plumierii from off the coast of Sisal, Yucatán. Ribosomal DNA sequences (small and large subunits) were used to test the phylogenetic position of the species of the genus Dollfusentis, whereas the mtDNA gene cox 1 was used for assessing species delimitation. The cox 1 analysis revealed an independent genetic lineage, which is recognized herein as a new species, Dollfusentis mayae n. sp. The new species is morphologically distinguished from the other six congeners by having a cylindrical proboscis armed with 22-25 longitudinal rows bearing 12 hooks each. The cystacanths were morphologically identified as Gorgorhynchus medius by having a cylindrical trunk covered with tiny irregular spines on the anterior region, and a cylindrical proboscis armed with 17-18 longitudinal rows of 21 hooks each; small and large subunit phylogenetic analyses yielded G. medius within the family Isthomosacanthidae, suggesting that Gorgorhynchus should be transferred to this family from Rhadinorhynchidae where it is currently allocated.