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1.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther ; 37(5): 277-283, 2021 Jun.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33891495

RÉSUMÉ

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of topical instillation of pegaptanib sodium upon inflammatory angiogenesis induced in the rabbit cornea by alkaline cauterization. Methods: Inflammatory angiogenesis was induced by alkaline (sodium hydroxide) cauterization in the corneas of 29 male New Zealand rabbits. The animals were divided into 4 groups: a control group treated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium eye drops, a group treated with 1.0% prednisolone acetate eye drops, a group treated with 0.5% pegaptanib sodium diluted in 15 mL 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and a group treated with 1.0% pegaptanib sodium diluted in 15 mL 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium. After cauterization, eye drops were administered every 12 hours for 21 days. The animals were evaluated every 3 days after cauterization, and the newly formed vessels were quantified from photographs. The treatment effectiveness was analyzed with 3 parameters of antiangiogenic response: neovascularization area (NA), total vascular length (TVL), and number of blood vessels (BVN). Results: Average NA, TVL, and BVN values were significantly higher in both pegaptanib groups than in the prednisolone group. A nonstatistically significant reduction in parameters on days 18 and 21 was the minimum achieved in both pegaptanib groups. The efficacy of the treatments in relation to the control was significantly greater in the prednisolone group than in the 0.5% pegaptanib group or the 1.0% pegaptanib group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Topical instillation of 0.5% and 1.0% pegaptanib sodium diluted in 15 mL 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium had no inhibitory effect on corneal neovascularization in this rabbit model.


Sujet(s)
Inhibiteurs de l'angiogenèse/pharmacologie , Aptamères nucléotidiques/pharmacologie , Inflammation/traitement médicamenteux , Néovascularisation pathologique/traitement médicamenteux , Facteur de croissance endothéliale vasculaire de type A/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Administration par voie topique , Inhibiteurs de l'angiogenèse/administration et posologie , Inhibiteurs de l'angiogenèse/usage thérapeutique , Animaux , Anti-inflammatoires/administration et posologie , Anti-inflammatoires/pharmacologie , Aptamères nucléotidiques/administration et posologie , Aptamères nucléotidiques/usage thérapeutique , Caustiques/administration et posologie , Caustiques/effets indésirables , Cornée/anatomopathologie , Lésions de la cornée/induit chimiquement , Néovascularisation cornéenne/induit chimiquement , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Inflammation/diagnostic , Instillation de médicaments , Mâle , Prednisolone/administration et posologie , Prednisolone/pharmacologie , Lapins , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/effets indésirables , Résultat thérapeutique
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1947-1958, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab, graf, ilus
Article de Portugais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131542

RÉSUMÉ

Objetivou-se avaliar a destoxificação da torta de mamona bruta (TMB), por meio de dois produtos alcalinos em diferentes concentrações, e seus efeitos sobre a composição química, a degradabilidade in situ da MS e o fracionamento de proteínas. Utilizou-se o hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2] e o hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) em duas concentrações (60 e 90 gramas), diluídos em quatro quantidades de água (1.000; 1.500; 2.000 e 2.500mL de água por quilo de TMB). Observou-se que, das diferentes concentrações utilizadas, somente a utilização de 90 e 60 gramas de Ca(OH)2 e NaOH, respectivamente, conseguiu destoxificar 100% da TMB, ambas diluídas em 2.000mL de água. Por outro lado, ao avaliar o tempo mínimo de contato dos reagentes com a TMB para uma máxima destoxificação, observou-se que três horas de contato é o tempo necessário para os reagentes diminuírem em 100% as proteínas citotóxicas, além de não deixar atividade hemaglutinante nesse material. A destoxificação com o NaOH proporcionou maior degradação das proteínas solúveis e da matéria seca, favorecendo a disponibilização do nitrogênio não proteico, estando sua aplicação em escala industrial na dependência de estudos sobre viabilidade operacional e econômica.(AU)


This study aimed to evaluate the detoxification of crude castor (DCC) through two alkaline products in different concentrations and their effects on the chemical composition, in situ degradability of DM and the fractionation of proteins. We used the calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in two concentrations (60 and 90 grams) diluted in 4 quantities of water (1,000; 1,500; 2,000 and 2,500ml of water per kilo of DCC). It was observed that in the different concentrations used, only the use of 90 and 60 grams of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH, respectively managed to detoxify 100% of the DCC, both diluted in 2,000ml of water. On the other hand, when assessing the minimum time of contact of the reagents with the DCC for maximum detoxification, it was observed that with three hours of contact is the time required for the reagents decrease in 100% of the cytotoxic proteins, in addition to not leave haemagglutinating activity in this material. The detoxification with NaOH provided greater degradation of soluble proteins and degradation of dry matter, favoring the provision of non-protein nitrogen, while its application on an industrial scale is in the dependence of studies on operational feasibility and cost.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Ricinus/toxicité , Ricinus/composition chimique , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de calcium/administration et posologie , Inactivation métabolique , Végétaux toxiques/toxicité , Alcalis/administration et posologie
3.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 41(06,supl. 2): 3377-3390, 2020. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | VETINDEX | ID: vti-32441

RÉSUMÉ

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) by two alkaline products on intake, performance and on the growth curve of goat's kids. 24 were used, Saanen goats (n=12) and Anglo Nubian (n=12), with initial body weight of 16.2±0.67 kg, initial age of 3 months and confined during the growth phase. The treatments consisted of three diets: a standard diet formulated with a traditional protein source, the soybean meal (SM); and test diets, which consisted of a protein source alternative, differing detoxification processes, on the basis of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial 3 x 2 (diet SM, Ca(OH)2 DCC and NaOH DCC x Saanen and Anglo Nubian) totaling six sessions with four replicates each. The experimental period lasted 270 days. The non-linear models used were the Gompertz and Logistic. There was no effect (P < 0.05) of diets on the intake of nutrients, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of breeds and interaction between both factors. The intake of DM during the phase of growth was greater for the goats fed with SM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of diets nor of the breeds in the ADG. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by the diets, in which the goats fed diets with DCC presented better feed conversion. It has been observed that both models had good adjustments, with values numerically superior to 90%, however, the logistic model showed higher R2 and, at the same time, asymptotic index (AI). Despite the ADG be equal, the breeds presented absolute growth rate (AGR) vary over time, where the Saanen goats reached the peak first (181 days), with AGR of 0.14 kg day-¹. However, even the goats Anglo Nubian reaching the highest peak late, the AGR was higher, around 0.16 kg day-¹ higher than the Saanen. Both castor cake has the potential to replace the SM on a diet of goat's kids [...].(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da substituição do farelo de soja (FS) pela torta de mamona destoxificada (TMD) por dois produtos alcalinos sobre o consumo, desempenho e na curva de crescimento de cabritas de aptidão leiteira. Foram utilizadas 24 cabras, Saanen (n=12) e Anglo Nubiana (n=12), com peso corporal inicial de 16,2±0,67 kg, idade inicial de 3 meses e confinadas durante a fase de crescimento. Os tratamentos consistiram de três dietas: dieta padrão formulada com uma fonte proteica tradicional, o farelo de soja (FS); e dietas testes, que consistiram de uma fonte proteica alternativa, diferindo os processos de destoxificação, à base de hidróxido de cálcio (Ca (OH)2) ou hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (dieta FS, TMD Ca(OH)2 e TMD NaOH x raça Saanen e Anglo Nubiana) perfazendo seis sessões com quatro repetições cada. O período experimental durou 270 dias. Os modelos não-lineares utilizados foram os de Gompertz e Logístico. Houve efeito (P < 0,05) das dietas sobre o consumo dos nutrientes, porém não houve efeito (P > 0,05) das raças e interação entre ambos os fatores. O consumo de MS durante a fase de crescimento foi maior para as cabras alimentadas com FS. Não houve efeito (P > 0,05) das dietas nem das raças no GMD. A conversão alimentar foi influenciada (P < 0,05) pelas dietas, em que as cabras que consumiram as dietas com TMD apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar. Observou-se que ambos os modelos tiveram bons ajustes, com valores numericamente superiores a 90%, contudo, o modelo Logístico apresentou maior R2 e, ao mesmo tempo, índice assintótico (IA). Apesar do GMD ser igual, as raças apresentaram taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) diferenciado ao longo do tempo, onde as cabras Saanen atingiram o pico primeiro (181 dias), com TCA de 0,14 kg dia-1. Porém, mesmo as cabras Anglo Nubianas atingindo o pico mais tardiamente, a TCA foi maior, [...].(AU)


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Femelle , Capra/croissance et développement , Capra/métabolisme , Capra/physiologie , Régime alimentaire/médecine vétérinaire , Hydroxyde de calcium/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie
4.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 41(06,supl. 2): 3377-3390, 2020. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501698

RÉSUMÉ

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) by two alkaline products on intake, performance and on the growth curve of goat's kids. 24 were used, Saanen goats (n=12) and Anglo Nubian (n=12), with initial body weight of 16.2±0.67 kg, initial age of 3 months and confined during the growth phase. The treatments consisted of three diets: a standard diet formulated with a traditional protein source, the soybean meal (SM); and test diets, which consisted of a protein source alternative, differing detoxification processes, on the basis of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial 3 x 2 (diet SM, Ca(OH)2 DCC and NaOH DCC x Saanen and Anglo Nubian) totaling six sessions with four replicates each. The experimental period lasted 270 days. The non-linear models used were the Gompertz and Logistic. There was no effect (P 0.05) of breeds and interaction between both factors. The intake of DM during the phase of growth was greater for the goats fed with SM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of diets nor of the breeds in the ADG. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by the diets, in which the goats fed diets with DCC presented better feed conversion. It has been observed that both models had good adjustments, with values numerically superior to 90%, however, the logistic model showed higher R2 and, at the same time, asymptotic index (AI). Despite the ADG be equal, the breeds presented absolute growth rate (AGR) vary over time, where the Saanen goats reached the peak first (181 days), with AGR of 0.14 kg day-¹. However, even the goats Anglo Nubian reaching the highest peak late, the AGR was higher, around 0.16 kg day-¹ higher than the Saanen. Both castor cake has the potential to replace the SM on a diet of goat's kids [...].


Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da substituição do farelo de soja (FS) pela torta de mamona destoxificada (TMD) por dois produtos alcalinos sobre o consumo, desempenho e na curva de crescimento de cabritas de aptidão leiteira. Foram utilizadas 24 cabras, Saanen (n=12) e Anglo Nubiana (n=12), com peso corporal inicial de 16,2±0,67 kg, idade inicial de 3 meses e confinadas durante a fase de crescimento. Os tratamentos consistiram de três dietas: dieta padrão formulada com uma fonte proteica tradicional, o farelo de soja (FS); e dietas testes, que consistiram de uma fonte proteica alternativa, diferindo os processos de destoxificação, à base de hidróxido de cálcio (Ca (OH)2) ou hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (dieta FS, TMD Ca(OH)2 e TMD NaOH x raça Saanen e Anglo Nubiana) perfazendo seis sessões com quatro repetições cada. O período experimental durou 270 dias. Os modelos não-lineares utilizados foram os de Gompertz e Logístico. Houve efeito (P 0,05) das raças e interação entre ambos os fatores. O consumo de MS durante a fase de crescimento foi maior para as cabras alimentadas com FS. Não houve efeito (P > 0,05) das dietas nem das raças no GMD. A conversão alimentar foi influenciada (P < 0,05) pelas dietas, em que as cabras que consumiram as dietas com TMD apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar. Observou-se que ambos os modelos tiveram bons ajustes, com valores numericamente superiores a 90%, contudo, o modelo Logístico apresentou maior R2 e, ao mesmo tempo, índice assintótico (IA). Apesar do GMD ser igual, as raças apresentaram taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA) diferenciado ao longo do tempo, onde as cabras Saanen atingiram o pico primeiro (181 dias), com TCA de 0,14 kg dia-1. Porém, mesmo as cabras Anglo Nubianas atingindo o pico mais tardiamente, a TCA foi maior, [...].


Sujet(s)
Femelle , Animaux , Capra/croissance et développement , Capra/physiologie , Capra/métabolisme , Régime alimentaire/médecine vétérinaire , Hydroxyde de calcium/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie
5.
Updates Surg ; 70(4): 535-544, 2018 Dec.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28861859

RÉSUMÉ

Symptomatic neoplastic pleural effusion (SNPE) is a significant cause of morbidity in patients with advanced neoplastic disease. These patients often present a deteriorated general condition which prevents them from undergoing pleurodesis with video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). We developed a minimally invasive therapeutic protocol specially designed for this population, achieved by combining chemical pleurodesis with placement of small-bore pleural catheters (PC), which resulted in early hospital discharge, low morbimortality and good therapeutic results. This study reports the safety and efficacy of administration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) through PC in 60 patients diagnosed with SNPE who were admitted to Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between January 2012 and December 2015. Successful pleurodesis was achieved in 96% of procedures. Recurrence occurred in 25% of patients during follow-up, with recurrence occurring earlier than 30 days after pleurodesis in 8% of patients. There were no reports of major morbidity or associated mortality. In total, 44% of patients were discharged within 48 h of pleurodesis. Administration of NaOH through a small-bore PC represents an effective and safe method of pleurodesis in patients who are not candidates for talc pleurodesis by VATS.


Sujet(s)
Cathétérisme/méthodes , Épanchement pleural malin/thérapie , Pleurodèse/méthodes , Solutions sclérosantes/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Cathétérisme/effets indésirables , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Pleurodèse/effets indésirables , Études rétrospectives , Chirurgie thoracique vidéoassistée , Résultat thérapeutique
6.
Bol. ind. anim. (Impr.) ; 752018. tab, graf
Article de Portugais | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1466930

RÉSUMÉ

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das concentrações de hidróxido de sódio na etapa de destilação sobre os teores de nitrogênio (N) total obtidos pelo método de Kjeldahl em diferentes materiais. Foram utilizadas oito amostras de diferentes materiais, sendo quatro amostras com baixo teor de N (cana-de-açúcar in natura, fezes bovinas, milho grão e silagem de milho) e quatro amostras com alto teor de N (carcaça ovina, caseína, farelo de girassol e farelo de soja). Adicionalmente, foram avaliadas dois padrões com conteúdo conhecido de N (HCl-Lisina e sulfato de amônio). O período experimental foi de nove dias, em que cada grupo de amostras (padrões e amostras de baixo e alto teor de N) foi analisado durante três dias consecutivos (baterias de análise). Avaliaram-se quatro concentrações de hidróxido de sódio na etapa de destilação: 300, 400, 500 e 600 g/L. Os padrões foram avaliados separadamente em termos de recuperação de N em modelo incluindo o efeito fixo de concentração de hidróxido de sódio e o efeito aleatório de bateria de análise. As amostras de alto e baixo teor de N foram avaliadas separadamente em modelo incluindo o efeito fixo de concentração de hidróxido de sódio e os efeitos aleatórios de bateria de análise, amostras e interação amostra × concentração de hidróxido de sódio. Verificou-se recuperação completa de N para os padrões (P>0,01). Não houve efeito de amostra, bem como interação amostra e concentração de hidróxido de sódio sobre a concentração de N nos diferentes materiais (P>0,01). Não foram verificados efeitos das concentrações de hidróxido de sódio sobre os teores de N dos materiais de alto e baixo nitrogênio (P>0,01). A variação na concentração de hidróxido de sódio não afetou a repetibilidade dos resultados. Conclui-se que concentrações de hidróxido de sódio de 300 a 600 g/L na solução empregada na etapa de destilação do método de Kjeldahl propiciam recuperação completa do N com padrão de precisão similar.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hydroxide concentrations in the distillation stage on the total nitrogen (N) contents of the Kjeldahl method in different materials. Eight samples of different materials were used: four samples with low-N content (sugar cane in natura, cattle feces, corn grain, and corn silage) and four samples with high-N content (sheep carcass, casein, sunflower meal, and soybean meal). Moreover, analytical two standard samples with known N content (HCl-Lysine and ammonium sulfate) were evaluated. The experimental period lasted nine days, where each group of samples (standards, high and low-N content samples) were analyzed for three consecutive days (round of analysis). Four concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used in the distillation step: 300, 400, 500, and 600 g/L. The analytical standards were evaluated separately according to recovery of N by using a model including the fixed effect of sodium hydroxide concentration and the random effect of round of analysis. The low- and high-N samples were also evaluated separately using a model that included the fixed effect of sodium hydroxide concentration and the random effects of round of analysis, samples and sodium hydroxide × samples interaction. A complete recovery of N from standards was observed (P>0.01). There was no effect of samples as well as interaction between sodium hydroxide concentrations and samples on the N contents in the different materials (P>0.01). No effects of the concentrations of sodium hydroxide were observed on the N contents (P>0.01). The variation in sodium hydroxide concentrations did not affect the repeatability of the results. It is concluded that sodium hydroxide concentrations from 300 to 600 g/L in the solution used in the distillation step of the Kjeldahl method provide complete recovery of N with a similar pattern of precision.


Sujet(s)
Distillation , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Azote/analyse , Protéines , Aliment pour animaux/analyse , Analyse d'aliment
7.
B. Indústr. Anim. ; 752018. tab, graf
Article de Portugais | VETINDEX | ID: vti-737737

RÉSUMÉ

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos das concentrações de hidróxido de sódio na etapa de destilação sobre os teores de nitrogênio (N) total obtidos pelo método de Kjeldahl em diferentes materiais. Foram utilizadas oito amostras de diferentes materiais, sendo quatro amostras com baixo teor de N (cana-de-açúcar in natura, fezes bovinas, milho grão e silagem de milho) e quatro amostras com alto teor de N (carcaça ovina, caseína, farelo de girassol e farelo de soja). Adicionalmente, foram avaliadas dois padrões com conteúdo conhecido de N (HCl-Lisina e sulfato de amônio). O período experimental foi de nove dias, em que cada grupo de amostras (padrões e amostras de baixo e alto teor de N) foi analisado durante três dias consecutivos (baterias de análise). Avaliaram-se quatro concentrações de hidróxido de sódio na etapa de destilação: 300, 400, 500 e 600 g/L. Os padrões foram avaliados separadamente em termos de recuperação de N em modelo incluindo o efeito fixo de concentração de hidróxido de sódio e o efeito aleatório de bateria de análise. As amostras de alto e baixo teor de N foram avaliadas separadamente em modelo incluindo o efeito fixo de concentração de hidróxido de sódio e os efeitos aleatórios de bateria de análise, amostras e interação amostra × concentração de hidróxido de sódio. Verificou-se recuperação completa de N para os padrões (P>0,01). Não houve efeito de amostra, bem como interação amostra e concentração de hidróxido de sódio sobre a concentração de N nos diferentes materiais (P>0,01). Não foram verificados efeitos das concentrações de hidróxido de sódio sobre os teores de N dos materiais de alto e baixo nitrogênio (P>0,01). A variação na concentração de hidróxido de sódio não afetou a repetibilidade dos resultados. Conclui-se que concentrações de hidróxido de sódio de 300 a 600 g/L na solução empregada na etapa de destilação do método de Kjeldahl propiciam recuperação completa do N com padrão de precisão similar.(AU)


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hydroxide concentrations in the distillation stage on the total nitrogen (N) contents of the Kjeldahl method in different materials. Eight samples of different materials were used: four samples with low-N content (sugar cane in natura, cattle feces, corn grain, and corn silage) and four samples with high-N content (sheep carcass, casein, sunflower meal, and soybean meal). Moreover, analytical two standard samples with known N content (HCl-Lysine and ammonium sulfate) were evaluated. The experimental period lasted nine days, where each group of samples (standards, high and low-N content samples) were analyzed for three consecutive days (round of analysis). Four concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used in the distillation step: 300, 400, 500, and 600 g/L. The analytical standards were evaluated separately according to recovery of N by using a model including the fixed effect of sodium hydroxide concentration and the random effect of round of analysis. The low- and high-N samples were also evaluated separately using a model that included the fixed effect of sodium hydroxide concentration and the random effects of round of analysis, samples and sodium hydroxide × samples interaction. A complete recovery of N from standards was observed (P>0.01). There was no effect of samples as well as interaction between sodium hydroxide concentrations and samples on the N contents in the different materials (P>0.01). No effects of the concentrations of sodium hydroxide were observed on the N contents (P>0.01). The variation in sodium hydroxide concentrations did not affect the repeatability of the results. It is concluded that sodium hydroxide concentrations from 300 to 600 g/L in the solution used in the distillation step of the Kjeldahl method provide complete recovery of N with a similar pattern of precision.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Distillation , Azote/analyse , Aliment pour animaux/analyse , Protéines , Analyse d'aliment
8.
Pirassununga; s.n; 30/07/2013. 132 p. ilus.
Thèse de Portugais | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1505334

RÉSUMÉ

A conversão de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BCA) em etanol de segunda geração é um processo que ainda possui muitos desafios devido a sua estrutura química formada pela celulose que é envolvida pela hemicelulose e principalmente pela resistente lignina. Para promover a desnaturação da lignina e recuperação de celulose, pode-se recorrer a aplicação de tecnologia combinada com enzimas eficientes. Neste trabalho foi investigado o emprego de CO2 sub e supercrítico no pré-tratamento do BCA, qualificando-o como biomassa para o processo de hidrólise da celulose na produção de etanol. A composição química do BCA pré-tratado com CO2, sub e supercrítico foi avaliada utilizando a combinação de dióxido de carbono supercrítico e vários modificadores de polaridade (etanol, água, hidróxido de sódio) e um pós-tratamento térmico com hidróxido de sódio em comparação com o BCA sem pré-tratamento. Os melhores resultados de composição química foram hidrolisados com dois complexos enzimáticos celulásicos (A e B) e os rendimentos de AR (açúcares redutores) foram comparados entre si e entre o BCA hidrolisado sem pré-tratamento. Os resultados mostram que houve uma deslignificação de até 42,74 % e recuperação de 48,56 % de celulose quando se utilizou etanol e água como modificador de polaridade no BCA pré-tratado com CO2 supercrítico (60°C, 200 bar, 6 h) combinado com pós-tratamento térmico a 100°C com solução diluída de hidróxido de sódio. Essa condição apresentou a melhor eficiência de hidrólise e rendeu 71,85±0,43 g/100 g de celulose + hemicelulose de BCApt em base seca de AR, utilizando o complexo enzimático B com suplementação de β-glicosidase. A partir dos resultados apresentados neste trabalho, pode-se concluir que o tratamento CO2 supercrítico combinado com pós-tratamento térmico com hidróxido de sódio é uma alternativa eficiente e promissora para realizar o pré-tratamento da matéria-prima lignocelulósica em temperaturas relativamente baixas, o que se torna uma vantagem aos pré-tratamentos convencionais com uso de temperaturas elevadas o que pode promover a formação de inibidores de fermentação.


The conversion of sugar cane bagasse (SCB) to second generation ethanol is a process that still has many challenges due to their chemical structure made by cellulose which is involved by hemicellulose and mainly engaged by the lignin resistant. To promote lignin denaturation and cellulose recovery it can be resorted to the application of technology combined with efficient enzymes. In this study was investigated the use of sub and supercritical CO2 in the pretreatment of SCB, qualifying it as biomass to the process of cellulose hydrolysis in ethanol production. The chemical composition of pretreated SCB (pt-SCB) with CO2, sub and supercritical, was assessed using a combination of supercritical carbon dioxide and various polarity modifiers (ethanol, water, sodium hydroxide), and a subsequent treatment heat with sodium hydroxide in comparison with SCB without pretreatment. The best results of chemical composition were hydrolyzed with two cellulosic enzymatic complexes (A and B) and AR (sugars reducers) yields were compared between each other and between hydrolyzed SCB without pretreatment. The results show that there was a delignification of up to 42.74% and 48.56% recovery of cellulose when ethanol and water was used as SCB polarity modifier, pretreated with supercritical CO2 (60°C, 200 bar, 6 h) combined with subsequent heat treatment at 100°C with diluted solution of sodium hydroxide. This condition showed the best efficiency of hydrolysis and yielded 71.85 (± 0.43) g/100g of cellulose and hemicellulose pt- SCB on a dry basis of AR, using the enzymatic complex B supplemented with β-glucosidase. From the results presented in this work, it can be concluded that treatment with supercritical CO2 combined with subsequent heat treatment with sodium hydroxide is an effective and promising alternative to perform pretreatment of lignocellulosic raw material at relatively low temperatures, which becomes an advantage to conventional pretreatment with the use of high temperatures which can promote the formation of fermentation inhibitors.


Sujet(s)
Cellulose/analyse , Structures de plante/composition chimique , Éthanol/isolement et purification , Saccharum/classification , Biomasse , Glycosidases/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie
9.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 38(6): 412-416, nov.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-611532

RÉSUMÉ

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver, experimentalmente, malácia e estenose traqueal para testar novos modelos de órteses traqueais. MÉTODOS: Ressecamos três anéis cartilaginosos da traqueia cervical de cães no grupo A (n=5) e seis anéis no grupo B (n=4) para produzir malácia. Logo após, a mucosa da região com malácia recebeu aplicações de uma solução de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) a 23 por cento, e os animais eram acompanhados com exames broncoscópicos para observar o desenvolvimento de estreitamento da luz da via aérea. Quando a estenose era de mais de 50 por cento da luz, ou havia sinais mínimos de insuficiência ventilatória, os animais eram sacrificados. O segmento de via aérea estreitada foi então coletado para análise histológica e era calculada a área de luz residual do segmento traqueal com estenose e malácia. RESULTADOS: Na análise histológica, foi constatada fibrose na submucosa e adventícia, associada a granulomas na mucosa. A luz residual média dos segmentos com estenose foi de 9 por cento e 12 por cento nos grupos A e B, respectivamente, (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A combinação da ressecção de anéis cartilaginosos e da aplicação de NaOH 23 por cento na mucosa respiratória promoveu uma estenose traqueal intensa, porém esteve associada à perda de animais. Novos estudos são necessários para verificar se o emprego isolado de uma das técnicas seria mais seguro e eficaz para desenvolver estenose traqueal.


OBJECTIVE: To experimentally develop tracheal stenosis and malacia to test new models of tracheal stents. METHODS: We resected three cartilaginous rings from the cervical trachea of dogs in group A (n = 5) and six rings in group B (n = 4) to produce malacia. The mucosa of the region with malacia then received applications of a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 23 percent, and the animals were accompanied with bronchoscopic examinations to observe the development of luminal narrowing of the airway. When the stenosis was of more than 50 percent or there were minimal signs of ventilatory failure, the animals were sacrificed. The segment of narrowed airway was then collected for histological analysis and calculation of the area of residual lumen in the tracheal segment with stenosis and malacia. RESULTS: In histological analysis, fibrosis was found in the submucosa and adventitia, associated with granulomas in the mucosa. The average residual lumen of the segments with stenosis was 9 percent and 12 percent in groups A and B, respectively (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of resection of the cartilaginous rings and the application of 23 percent NaOH in the respiratory mucosa promoted severe tracheal stenosis, but was associated with loss of animals. Further studies are needed to verify that the isolated use of one of the techniques would be safer and more effective to develop tracheal stenosis.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Chiens , Femelle , Mâle , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Sténose trachéale , Instillation de médicaments , Muqueuse , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Trachée/chirurgie
10.
Rev Col Bras Cir ; 38(6): 412-6, 2011.
Article de Anglais, Portugais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22267139

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIVE: To experimentally develop tracheal stenosis and malacia to test new models of tracheal stents. METHODS: We resected three cartilaginous rings from the cervical trachea of dogs in group A (n = 5) and six rings in group B (n = 4) to produce malacia. The mucosa of the region with malacia then received applications of a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 23%, and the animals were accompanied with bronchoscopic examinations to observe the development of luminal narrowing of the airway. When the stenosis was of more than 50% or there were minimal signs of ventilatory failure, the animals were sacrificed. The segment of narrowed airway was then collected for histological analysis and calculation of the area of residual lumen in the tracheal segment with stenosis and malacia. RESULTS: In histological analysis, fibrosis was found in the submucosa and adventitia, associated with granulomas in the mucosa. The average residual lumen of the segments with stenosis was 9% and 12% in groups A and B, respectively (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of resection of the cartilaginous rings and the application of 23% NaOH in the respiratory mucosa promoted severe tracheal stenosis, but was associated with loss of animals. Further studies are needed to verify that the isolated use of one of the techniques would be safer and more effective to develop tracheal stenosis.


Sujet(s)
Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Sténose trachéale , Animaux , Chiens , Femelle , Instillation de médicaments , Mâle , Muqueuse , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Trachée/chirurgie
11.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 23(12): 1227-31, 2007 Dec.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17899131

RÉSUMÉ

Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is defined as the narrowing of the lower larynx. Difficulties in the management of subglottic stenosis, especially in the pediatric population, justify the development of experimental models. The objective of this study was to compare the two methods of experimental subglottic stenosis induction. Twenty-three dogs were randomly selected and assigned by lottery to either one of the two groups: Gp I (n = 10) of electrocoagulation; and Gp II (n = 13) of 23% NaOH injection. In Gp I, self-interruption electrocoagulation was applied to one point in each of the four quadrants of the cricoid cartilage. In Gp II, 0.2 ml of 23% NaOH was injected in the submucosal layer in the anterior and posterior portions of the cricoid cartilage. Once a week, endoscopy was performed and the caliber of the subglottic region was measured using endotracheal tubes, and the injection was repeated if there were no signs of subglottic stenosis. The animals were killed on day 21; animals that developed respiratory distress were killed before day 21. One animal in Gp I died on day 14 after the injection and during transportation; two animals in Gp II died, one on day 7 due to a tracheoesophageal fistula, and the other of unknown causes on day 5. Significant subglottic stenosis (over 51% obstruction) was found in 67% of the animals in Gp I and in 64% of those in Gp II (P = 0.99). Median time to development of significant stenosis was 21 days in both groups, and required either two or three injections. Mean time for the performance of the procedures was significantly shorter (P < 0.01) in Gp I (mean: 6.36 min) than in Gp II (mean: 14.88 min). Electrocoagulation and 23% NaOH injection in the subglottic region were effective in the development of significant subglottic stenosis in dogs, both methods leading to stenosis in the same period of time and after the same number of procedures. However, electrocoagulation was the fastest method.


Sujet(s)
Ablation par cathéter/méthodes , Caustiques/administration et posologie , Laryngosténose/thérapie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Animaux , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Chiens , Injections , Résultat thérapeutique
12.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 56(2): 175-84, 2006 Jun.
Article de Espagnol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17024964

RÉSUMÉ

The main limiting factor in the consumption by humans of the velvet bean (Mucuna) is its relatively high content of L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa), with levels as high as 9%. Conventional cooking methods used to transform raw velvet bean into an edible product are not sufficiently effective in reducing the levels of L-Dopa in adequate processing time. In this report, Mucuna beans were cooked by microwave, utilizing vapor and in water solutions at pH 3, 6, 7, 9 and 11. Cooking alkaline solutions were achieved using sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide. The acid pH was achieved through the use of HCl. The initial cooking time was fixed at 6 hrs. The processed bean samples were dried, ground and analyzed for L-Dopa and protein. The ground samples were further washed with boiling water for 0, 3 and 6 minutes, them dried and analyzed. None of the procedures evaluated was capable of eliminating L-Dopa from Mucuna beans. The Ca(OH)2 treatment at pH 9 which was washed with hot water produce a reduction of L-Dopa of 80.4%. There was not effect attributed to the alkaline ions. Reducing particle size appears to be most effective as it has been shown by other workers.


Sujet(s)
Température élevée , Lévodopa/analyse , Mucuna/composition chimique , Graines/composition chimique , Analyse de variance , Hydroxyde de calcium/administration et posologie , Caustiques/administration et posologie , Concentration en ions d'hydrogène , Hydroxydes/administration et posologie , Indicateurs et réactifs/administration et posologie , Lévodopa/toxicité , Modèles linéaires , Micro-ondes , Protéines végétales/analyse , Composés du potassium/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie
13.
Laryngoscope ; 116(3): 456-60, 2006 Mar.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16540909

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIVES: Solid caustic soda (CS) ingestion levels continue high in Brazil. The aggressiveness of a caustic agent depends, among other factors, on its concentration and time of contact with mucosa. However, the interdependence of these factors in the production of caustic lesion in the esophageal mucosa is not known, especially regarding CS as the strongest corrosive agent. We analyze the effects of concentration and time of contact on the aggressiveness of CS to the esophagus of live animals. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: One milliliter of CS at concentrations between 1.83% and 73.33% was applied to rats. The solution was kept in contact with the mucosa for 10 to 120 minutes. Internal and external organ aspects were analyzed and the epithelium, submucosa, muscle layer, and adventitia were analyzed microscopically RESULTS: Epithelial necrosis was observed at all concentrations. Among the necrotic layers, the submucosa was observed starting at the 7.33% concentration, and the muscular layer and adventitia were observed at 14.66% concentration. Damage to the pulmonary parenchyma and trachea occurred at 33.66% after 10 minutes, and perforation of the esophagus was observed only after 120 minutes. After 10 minutes, important corrosive lesions installed in the esophageal layers, expanding in depth and superficial extension. The use of heparin had no effect on the production of lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Ten minutes were sufficient to provoke necrosis, and longer contact increased the area of necrosis. Solution concentration levels were more important in damage production: 1.83% was sufficient for epithelial necrosis, 7.33% caused submucosal necrosis, and 14.66% muscle and adventitia necrosis; 33.66% solutions caused lung and trachea damage after 10 minutes and esophageal perforation after 120 minutes.


Sujet(s)
Brûlures chimiques/étiologie , Caustiques/administration et posologie , Sténose de l'oesophage/induit chimiquement , Oesophage/traumatismes , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Animaux , Brûlures chimiques/anatomopathologie , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Relation dose-effet des médicaments , Sténose de l'oesophage/anatomopathologie , Oesophage/anatomopathologie , Femelle , Études de suivi , Mâle , Rats , Facteurs temps , Indices de gravité des traumatismes
14.
Acta Cir Bras ; 20(1): 64-73, 2005.
Article de Portugais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15810467

RÉSUMÉ

PURPOSE: To establish a model of angiogenesis in rabbit cornea induced by punctual alkaline cauterization. METHODS: Six rabbits were submitted to punctual cauterization in right cornea. It was used a circular piece (3 mm) of filter paper, that was previously soaked in 1 M NaOH and placed 1 mm from the superior limbus for 2 minutes. The animals were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days after cauterization. Quantification of angiogenesis was performed according to 4 methods: radial vessel length (V), angiogenic index (I), area of the triangle (T) and area of the circular band sector (S), which provide an approximation of the area of neovascularization. RESULTS: The analysis of the quantitative data of angiogenesis showed that neovascular response progressed in a biphasic manner: rising between days 0 and 12 (proliferation), stable between days 12 and 21 (maturation). This pattern was observed on the values of the vascular growth mean rate. Between days 0 and 12, it was 16 times greater than that verified between days 12 and 21. It was found a statiscally significant positive linear correlation among the 4 methods of measurement of angiogenesis. CONCLUSION: The punctual alkaline cauterization of the rabbit cornea induces and sustains corneal neovascularization, so that, it can be used as model of angiogenesis.


Sujet(s)
Cornée/vascularisation , Cornée/anatomopathologie , Inflammation/étiologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Animaux , Cautérisation , Femelle , Inflammation/anatomopathologie , Mâle , Néovascularisation pathologique , Lapins
15.
Acta cir. bras ; Acta cir. bras;20(1): 64-73, jan.-fev. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-394245

RÉSUMÉ

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer um modelo de angiogênese em córnea de coelho, induzida pela cauterização pontual com hidróxido de sódio. MÉTODOS: Seis coelhos foram submetidos a uma cauterização pontual na córnea direita, utilizando-se uma peça circular (3 mm) de papel filtro, previamente embebida em NaOH 1 M, a qual foi posicionada a 1mm do limbo superior durante 2 minutos. Os animais foram avaliados nos dias 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 e 21, após a cauterização. A quantificação da angiogênese foi realizada de acordo com 4 métodos: comprimento vascular radial (V), índice angiogênico (I), área do triângulo (T) e do setor de coroa circular (S), ambas medidas aproximadas da área de neovascularização. RESULTADOS: A análise das curvas dos quantificadores revelou que a resposta angiogênica seguiu um padrão bifásico: crescente até o 12º dia (proliferação), estável do 12º ao 21º dia (maturação). Comportamento também observado na taxa de crescimento vascular, que foi 16 vezes maior no período de 0 a 12 dias do que no intervalo entre o 12º e o 21º dia. Foi constatada, ainda, uma correlação linear positiva estatisticamente significante entre os 4 quantificadores de angiogênese. CONCLUSAO: A cauterização alcalina pontual da córnea de coelho induz e mantém neovascularização corneana, podendo, assim, ser utilizada como modelo de angiogênese.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Mâle , Femelle , Lapins , Cornée/vascularisation , Cornée/anatomopathologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Inflammation/étiologie , Cautérisation , Inflammation/anatomopathologie , Néovascularisation pathologique
16.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 42(1): 45-52, 2005. tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-435644

RÉSUMÉ

Foram desenvolvidos no Instituto de Zootecnia, em Nova Odessa, SP, três experimentos para avaliar o valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar tratada com 0,50% de uréia, e não adicionada de NaOH, e com 0,25% NaOH e com 0,50% NaOH. Em cada um desses experimentos foram adicionados 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg de rolão de milho/t de cana-de-açúcar, na ensilagem. Cada um dos experimentos foi desenvolvido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A análise dos três experimentos em conjunto, mostrou efeito do tratamento da cana-de-açúcar com NaOH e da adição de rolão na redução da produção de álcool etílico. Houve aumento da digestibilidade e do consumo de matéria seca e de nutrientes digestíveis totais com o tratamento da cana-de-açúcar com NaOH e com a adição de rolão de milho, na ensilagem.


Sujet(s)
Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Valeur nutritive , Ovis , Ensilage , Saccharum/croissance et développement , Zea mays
17.
Acta cir. bras. ; 20(1): 64-73, 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article de Portugais | VETINDEX | ID: vti-130

RÉSUMÉ

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer um modelo de angiogênese em córnea de coelho, induzida pela cauterização pontual com hidróxido de sódio. MÉTODOS: Seis coelhos foram submetidos a uma cauterização pontual na córnea direita, utilizando-se uma peça circular (3 mm) de papel filtro, previamente embebida em NaOH 1 M, a qual foi posicionada a 1mm do limbo superior durante 2 minutos. Os animais foram avaliados nos dias 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 e 21, após a cauterização. A quantificação da angiogênese foi realizada de acordo com 4 métodos: comprimento vascular radial (V), índice angiogênico (I), área do triângulo (T) e do setor de coroa circular (S), ambas medidas aproximadas da área de neovascularização. RESULTADOS: A análise das curvas dos quantificadores revelou que a resposta angiogênica seguiu um padrão bifásico: crescente até o 12º dia (proliferação), estável do 12º ao 21º dia (maturação). Comportamento também observado na taxa de crescimento vascular, que foi 16 vezes maior no período de 0 a 12 dias do que no intervalo entre o 12º e o 21º dia. Foi constatada, ainda, uma correlação linear positiva estatisticamente significante entre os 4 quantificadores de angiogênese. CONCLUSAO: A cauterização alcalina pontual da córnea de coelho induz e mantém neovascularização corneana, podendo, assim, ser utilizada como modelo de angiogênese. (AU)


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Mâle , Femelle , Lapins , Cornée/vascularisation , Cornée/anatomopathologie , Inflammation/étiologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Cautérisation , Inflammation/anatomopathologie , Néovascularisation cornéenne
18.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 42(1): 45-52, 2005. tab
Article de Portugais | VETINDEX | ID: vti-5285

RÉSUMÉ

Foram desenvolvidos no Instituto de Zootecnia, em Nova Odessa, SP, três experimentos para avaliar o valor nutritivo da silagem de cana-de-açúcar tratada com 0,50% de uréia, e não adicionada de NaOH, e com 0,25% NaOH e com 0,50% NaOH. Em cada um desses experimentos foram adicionados 0, 40, 80 e 120 kg de rolão de milho/t de cana-de-açúcar, na ensilagem. Cada um dos experimentos foi desenvolvido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A análise dos três experimentos em conjunto, mostrou efeito do tratamento da cana-de-açúcar com NaOH e da adição de rolão na redução da produção de álcool etílico. Houve aumento da digestibilidade e do consumo de matéria seca e de nutrientes digestíveis totais com o tratamento da cana-de-açúcar com NaOH e com a adição de rolão de milho, na ensilagem. (AU)


Sujet(s)
Valeur nutritive , Saccharum/croissance et développement , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Zea mays , Ensilage , Ovis
19.
J. pneumol ; 26(6): 307-312, nov.-dez. 2000.
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-339126

RÉSUMÉ

Apesar de estarmos completando praticamente um século desde a realização da primeira pleurodese, a metodologia não está consensualmente definida. A tendência atual de executarmos procedimentos minimamente invasivos estimulou novas pesquisas com o objetivo de reduzir a agressão, incluindo o uso de novas substâncias, a colocação de drenos mais finos e a redução ou abolição da necessidade de internação hospitalar. Dentre as drogas esclerosantes, o talco tem a preferência mundial. Entretanto, o possível desenvolvimento da síndrome da angústia respiratória, por vezes fatal, fez renascer o interesse por outras drogas. Os quimioterápicos não têm evidente efeito esclerosante e originam importantes efeitos colaterais. Os agentes irritantes hidróxido de sódio e nitrato de prata produzem pleurodese efetiva. Ambos podem ser utilizados em seres humanos


Sujet(s)
Humains , Animaux , Épanchement pleural/traitement médicamenteux , Pleurodèse/méthodes , Solutions sclérosantes/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Chlorméthine/administration et posologie , Nitrate d'argent/administration et posologie , Talc/administration et posologie
20.
Curr Opin Pulm Med ; 6(4): 281-6, 2000 Jul.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10912633

RÉSUMÉ

In this review we analyze the evolution of pleurodesis. In spite of the fact that this procedure started in the beginning of the 20th century, the ideal sclerosing agent is not yet known. Emphasis is placed on the current tendency toward minimally invasive procedures in which insertion of catheters is favored over surgical procedures such as placement of chest tubes or thoracoscopy. Among the sclerosing agents, talc is preferred throughout the world. However, the possible development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is sometimes fatal, caused the awakening of interest in other drugs. Nitrogen mustard induces pleurodesis but causes important side effects. Sodium hydroxide and silver nitrate are effective and may be used in humans beings.


Sujet(s)
Agents alcoylants/administration et posologie , Caustiques/administration et posologie , Chlorméthine/administration et posologie , Pleurodèse/méthodes , Nitrate d'argent/administration et posologie , Hydroxyde de sodium/administration et posologie , Humains
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