Dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia sp: relato de caso / Dermatomycosis in dog caused by Curvularia sp: case report / Dermatomicosis en perro causada por Curvularia sp: reporte de caso

Las dermatomicosis son infecciones fúngicas que afectan la piel y los folículos pilosos de perros y gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatofitos, observándose principalmente en animales jóvenes e inmunosuprimidos. Clínicamente caracterizado por la presencia de lesiones alopécicas circulares, cubiertas por escamas y costras. Su asidua presencia en la clínica de pequeños animales no excluye su complejidad para completar el diagnóstico, requiriendo un abanico de pruebas complementarias, así como cultivo de hongos, examen directo y biopsia de piel, que forman parte de pruebas complementarias de extrema importancia y efectividad. ayudar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de dermatomicosis. Los hongos del género Curvularia spp., Son no dermatofitos y se pueden encontrar con gran frecuencia en diferentes sustratos vegetales, como los saprófitos, y también pueden aislarse del suelo y del aire, provocando diversas enfermedades en animales, humanos y plantas, siendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. La falta de información sobre tal condición de la piel, así como la investigación en la clínica médica y en la rutina clínica de los animales pequeños, muestra la importancia de considerar este patógeno en casos de dermatomicosis. El presente trabajo reporta dermatomicosis en perros causada por Curvularia spp. con el objetivo de demostrar las diferentes formas de diagnóstico de dicha...(AU)

Dermatomycoses are fungal infections that affect the skin and hair follicles of dogs and cats, caused mainly by dermatophytes, being observed mainly in young and immunosuppressed animals. Clinically characterized by the presence of circular alopecic lesions, covered by scales and crusts. Its assiduous presence in the small animal clinic does not exclude its complexity to complete the diagnosis, requiring a range of complementary tests, as well as fungal culture, direct examination and skin biopsy, which are part of complementary tests of extreme importance and effectiveness, assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of dermatomycoses. Fungi of the genus Curvularia spp., Are non-dermatophytes and can be found with great frequency in different plant substrates, such as saprophytes, and can also be isolated from soil and air, causing several diseases in animals, humans and plants, being considered opportunistic pathogens. The lack of information about such a skin condition, as well as the investigation in the medical clinic and in the clinical routine of small animals, shows the importance of considering this pathogen in cases of dermatomycosis. The present work reports dermatomycosis in dogs caused by Curvularia spp. aiming to demonstrate the different forms of diagnosis for such a disease, in order to institute drug therapy aiming at beneficial results and favorable prognosis.(AU)

As dermatomicoses são infecções fúngicas que afetam a pele e os folículos pilosos de cães e gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatófitos, sendo observado principalmente em animais jovens e imunossuprimidos. Caracterizada clinicamente pela presença de lesões alopécicas circulares, encobertas por escamas e crostas. Sua presença assídua na clínica de pequenos animais, não excluí sua complexidade para concluir diagnóstico, sendo necessário uma gama de exames complementares, assim como a cultura fúngica, exame direto e biópsia de pele, que fazem parte de exames complementares de extrema importância e eficácia, auxiliando no diagnóstico e tratamento das dermatomicoses. Os fungos do gênero Curvularia spp., são não-dermatófitos e podem ser encontrados com grande frequência em diferentes substratos vegetais, como saprofíticos, podendo ainda ser isolados a partir do solo e do ar, causando diversas doenças em animais, humanos e vegetais, sendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. A falta de informação sobre tal afecção cutânea, assim como a investigação na clínica médica e na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, mostra a importância de considerar esse patógeno nos casos de dermatomicoses.  O presente trabalho relata dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia spp. tendo como objetivo demonstrar as diferentes formas de diagnóstico para tal enfermidade, a fim de instituir...(AU)

Dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia sp: relato de caso / Dermatomycosis in dog caused by Curvularia sp: case report / Dermatomicosis en perro causada por Curvularia sp: reporte de caso

Las dermatomicosis son infecciones fúngicas que afectan la piel y los folículos pilosos de perros y gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatofitos, observándose principalmente en animales jóvenes e inmunosuprimidos. Clínicamente caracterizado por la presencia de lesiones alopécicas circulares, cubiertas por escamas y costras. Su asidua presencia en la clínica de pequeños animales no excluye su complejidad para completar el diagnóstico, requiriendo un abanico de pruebas complementarias, así como cultivo de hongos, examen directo y biopsia de piel, que forman parte de pruebas complementarias de extrema importancia y efectividad. ayudar en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de dermatomicosis. Los hongos del género Curvularia spp., Son no dermatofitos y se pueden encontrar con gran frecuencia en diferentes sustratos vegetales, como los saprófitos, y también pueden aislarse del suelo y del aire, provocando diversas enfermedades en animales, humanos y plantas, siendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. La falta de información sobre tal condición de la piel, así como la investigación en la clínica médica y en la rutina clínica de los animales pequeños, muestra la importancia de considerar este patógeno en casos de dermatomicosis. El presente trabajo reporta dermatomicosis en perros causada por Curvularia spp. con el objetivo de demostrar las diferentes formas de diagnóstico de dicha...

Dermatomycoses are fungal infections that affect the skin and hair follicles of dogs and cats, caused mainly by dermatophytes, being observed mainly in young and immunosuppressed animals. Clinically characterized by the presence of circular alopecic lesions, covered by scales and crusts. Its assiduous presence in the small animal clinic does not exclude its complexity to complete the diagnosis, requiring a range of complementary tests, as well as fungal culture, direct examination and skin biopsy, which are part of complementary tests of extreme importance and effectiveness, assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of dermatomycoses. Fungi of the genus Curvularia spp., Are non-dermatophytes and can be found with great frequency in different plant substrates, such as saprophytes, and can also be isolated from soil and air, causing several diseases in animals, humans and plants, being considered opportunistic pathogens. The lack of information about such a skin condition, as well as the investigation in the medical clinic and in the clinical routine of small animals, shows the importance of considering this pathogen in cases of dermatomycosis. The present work reports dermatomycosis in dogs caused by Curvularia spp. aiming to demonstrate the different forms of diagnosis for such a disease, in order to institute drug therapy aiming at beneficial results and favorable prognosis.

As dermatomicoses são infecções fúngicas que afetam a pele e os folículos pilosos de cães e gatos, causadas principalmente por dermatófitos, sendo observado principalmente em animais jovens e imunossuprimidos. Caracterizada clinicamente pela presença de lesões alopécicas circulares, encobertas por escamas e crostas. Sua presença assídua na clínica de pequenos animais, não excluí sua complexidade para concluir diagnóstico, sendo necessário uma gama de exames complementares, assim como a cultura fúngica, exame direto e biópsia de pele, que fazem parte de exames complementares de extrema importância e eficácia, auxiliando no diagnóstico e tratamento das dermatomicoses. Os fungos do gênero Curvularia spp., são não-dermatófitos e podem ser encontrados com grande frequência em diferentes substratos vegetais, como saprofíticos, podendo ainda ser isolados a partir do solo e do ar, causando diversas doenças em animais, humanos e vegetais, sendo considerados patógenos oportunistas. A falta de informação sobre tal afecção cutânea, assim como a investigação na clínica médica e na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, mostra a importância de considerar esse patógeno nos casos de dermatomicoses.  O presente trabalho relata dermatomicose em cão causada por Curvularia spp. tendo como objetivo demonstrar as diferentes formas de diagnóstico para tal enfermidade, a fim de instituir...

Candidose sistêmica em cães associada à cinomose / Systemic candidosis in dogs associated with canine distemper virus

Background: Candidosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, which normally reside on the surfaces of the mucous membranes and in the skin of several animal species and healthy humans; however the fungi can convert into pathogenic microorganisms and result in invasive infections with systemic involvement due to the impairment of the immune system. Systemic candidosis is rare in dogs and few reports of this mycosis are available in literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three cases of systemic candidosis associated to canine distemper virus in dogs, highlighting the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. Cases: Three cases of systemic infection by Candida sp. were diagnosed in dogs. The animals predominantly presented neurological clinical manifestations, followed by unspecific alterations with an evolution of 5 to 30 days. Macroscopically, the lesions were characterized by white-yellowish multifocal to coalescent areas surrounded by reddish borders in the kidneys and heart (cases 1, 2 and 3); liver and submandibular lymph node (case 1); and lung (case 2). In the brains of the three dogs were observed multifocal, blackened and/or reddish and friable areas. In case 1, was observed an increased volume of the right carpometacarpal joint, that when cut, released a reddish and turbid content. In case 2, there was deposition of a whitish lumpy material on the epicardial surface, aorta artery, pericardial sac and spleen; infarction on the right testicle, hydroureter, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of necrossupurative inflammation associated to hemorrhage, vasculitis, congestion, thrombosis, infarction and fungal structures with distinct morphological patterns which included blastoconidia, pseudohyphae and hyphae. The fungal structures were...(AU)

Candidose sistêmica em cães associada à cinomose / Systemic candidosis in dogs associated with canine distemper virus

Background: Candidosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida, which normally reside on the surfaces of the mucous membranes and in the skin of several animal species and healthy humans; however the fungi can convert into pathogenic microorganisms and result in invasive infections with systemic involvement due to the impairment of the immune system. Systemic candidosis is rare in dogs and few reports of this mycosis are available in literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe three cases of systemic candidosis associated to canine distemper virus in dogs, highlighting the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects. Cases: Three cases of systemic infection by Candida sp. were diagnosed in dogs. The animals predominantly presented neurological clinical manifestations, followed by unspecific alterations with an evolution of 5 to 30 days. Macroscopically, the lesions were characterized by white-yellowish multifocal to coalescent areas surrounded by reddish borders in the kidneys and heart (cases 1, 2 and 3); liver and submandibular lymph node (case 1); and lung (case 2). In the brains of the three dogs were observed multifocal, blackened and/or reddish and friable areas. In case 1, was observed an increased volume of the right carpometacarpal joint, that when cut, released a reddish and turbid content. In case 2, there was deposition of a whitish lumpy material on the epicardial surface, aorta artery, pericardial sac and spleen; infarction on the right testicle, hydroureter, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of necrossupurative inflammation associated to hemorrhage, vasculitis, congestion, thrombosis, infarction and fungal structures with distinct morphological patterns which included blastoconidia, pseudohyphae and hyphae. The fungal structures were...

Características epidemiológicas, clínico-patológicas e morfotintoriais de quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães / Epidemiological, clinical, pathological and morphotinctorial features of fourteen cases of nocardiosis in dogs

Este artigo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e características morfotintoriais em quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães. Para isso foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo durante o período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2015 e selecionados os casos sugestivos de nocardiose. A identificação e caracterização do agente foi realizada através de técnicas histoquímicas especiais de Metenamina nitrato de prata de Grocott (GMS), Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e Giemsa. Foram afetados predominantemente filhotes e em doze casos havia associação com o vírus da cinomose canina (VCC). Os sinais clínicos variaram de alterações respiratórias, neurológicas e cutâneas, relacionadas principalmente à infecção concomitante pelo VCC. Macroscopicamente haviam áreas multifocais a coalescentes, branco-amareladas, firmes, elevadas na superfície e que se aprofundavam ao corte, por vezes com material purulento, entremeadas por áreas avermelhadas irregulares afetando principalmente pulmões, linfonodos, fígado, rins e encéfalo. As lesões cutâneas foram observadas predominantemente nas regiões cervical e inguinal e variaram de supurativas a piogranulomatosas. No exame histopatológico a lesão era caracterizada principalmente por inflamação piogranulomatosa, porém em algumas áreas havia predomínio de inflamação necrossupurativa, e frequentemente eram observados macrófagos epitelioides, formando aglomerados de forma radiada, muitas vezes lembrando pseudorosetas. Nas técnicas histoquímicas foram observadas estruturas filamentosas, ramificadas, não septadas, medindo aproximadamente 1µm de espessura, impregnadas na coloração de prata, coradas em vermelho no Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, em azul na coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e fracamente rósea pálido no Giemsa. A nocardiose deve ser considerada em animais jovens que apresentam sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, bem como em...(AU)

This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and morphotinctorial characteristics in fourteen cases of nocardiosis in dogs. A retrospective study for the period of January 2005 to December 2015 was made and selected suggestive cases of nocardiosis. The identification and characterization of the agent was performed by special histochemical techniques Methenamine silver nitrate Grocott (GMS), modified Ziehl-Neelsen, Gram stain type modified Brown-Brenn and Giemsa. Were affected predominantly young and in twelve cases were associated with canine distemper virus (CDV). Clinical signs vary from respiratory, neurological and skin changes, mainly related to concomitant infection by CDV. Macroscopically had multifocal areas coalescing, yellowish-white, firm, elevated in surface and deepened the court, sometimes with purulent material, intermixed by irregular reddened areas affecting mainly lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, and brain. The cutaneous lesions were predominantly observed in cervical and inguinal and ranged from suppurative well as pyogranulomatous. In the histopathologic examination the injury was mainly characterized by inflammation pyogranulomatous, but in some areas there was a predominance of necrossupurativa inflammation, epithelioid macrophages and were frequently observed, forming clusters radiated form, often reminding rosettes. In the histochemical techniques were observed filamentous structures, branched, non-septate, measuring approximately 1µm thick, impregnated on silver staining, stained in red on the modified Ziehl-Neelsen, in blue on Gram stain type modified Brown-Brenn and weakly pale pink in Giemsa. The nocardiosis should be considered in young animals with progressive respiratory and neurological signs, as well as skin lesions involving the subcutaneous tissue and regional lymph nodes. It should be further investigated a...(AU)

Características epidemiológicas, clínico-patológicas e morfotintoriais de quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães / Epidemiological, clinical, pathological and morphotinctorial features of fourteen cases of nocardiosis in dogs

Este artigo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e características morfotintoriais em quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães. Para isso foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo durante o período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2015 e selecionados os casos sugestivos de nocardiose. A identificação e caracterização do agente foi realizada através de técnicas histoquímicas especiais de Metenamina nitrato de prata de Grocott (GMS), Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e Giemsa. Foram afetados predominantemente filhotes e em doze casos havia associação com o vírus da cinomose canina (VCC). Os sinais clínicos variaram de alterações respiratórias, neurológicas e cutâneas, relacionadas principalmente à infecção concomitante pelo VCC. Macroscopicamente haviam áreas multifocais a coalescentes, branco-amareladas, firmes, elevadas na superfície e que se aprofundavam ao corte, por vezes com material purulento, entremeadas por áreas avermelhadas irregulares afetando principalmente pulmões, linfonodos, fígado, rins e encéfalo. As lesões cutâneas foram observadas predominantemente nas regiões cervical e inguinal e variaram de supurativas a piogranulomatosas. No exame histopatológico a lesão era caracterizada principalmente por inflamação piogranulomatosa, porém em algumas áreas havia predomínio de inflamação necrossupurativa, e frequentemente eram observados macrófagos epitelioides, formando aglomerados de forma radiada, muitas vezes lembrando pseudorosetas. Nas técnicas histoquímicas foram observadas estruturas filamentosas, ramificadas, não septadas, medindo aproximadamente 1µm de espessura, impregnadas na coloração de prata, coradas em vermelho no Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, em azul na coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e fracamente rósea pálido no Giemsa. A nocardiose deve ser considerada em animais jovens que apresentam sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, bem como em lesões cutâneas com envolvimento do subcutâneo e linfonodos regionais. Deve ser investigado ainda um provável fator predisponente, como a infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina e hemoparasitoses. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido através do exame histopatológico baseando-se na morfologia da bactéria e suas características histoquímicas, distinguindo principalmente de outros agentes bacterianos e fúngicos, constituindo uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico, quando não é possível a coleta do material para cultivo e isolamento do agente.(AU)

This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and morphotinctorial characteristics in fourteen cases of nocardiosis in dogs. A retrospective study for the period of January 2005 to December 2015 was made and selected suggestive cases of nocardiosis. The identification and characterization of the agent was performed by special histochemical techniques Methenamine silver nitrate Grocott (GMS), modified Ziehl-Neelsen, Gram stain type modified Brown-Brenn and Giemsa. Were affected predominantly young and in twelve cases were associated with canine distemper virus (CDV). Clinical signs vary from respiratory, neurological and skin changes, mainly related to concomitant infection by CDV. Macroscopically had multifocal areas coalescing, yellowish-white, firm, elevated in surface and deepened the court, sometimes with purulent material, intermixed by irregular reddened areas affecting mainly lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, and brain. The cutaneous lesions were predominantly observed in cervical and inguinal and ranged from suppurative well as pyogranulomatous. In the histopathologic examination the injury was mainly characterized by inflammation pyogranulomatous, but in some areas there was a predominance of necrossupurativa inflammation, epithelioid macrophages and were frequently observed, forming clusters radiated form, often reminding rosettes. In the histochemical techniques were observed filamentous structures, branched, non-septate, measuring approximately 1µm thick, impregnated on silver staining, stained in red on the modified Ziehl-Neelsen, in blue on Gram stain type modified Brown-Brenn and weakly pale pink in Giemsa. The nocardiosis should be considered in young animals with progressive respiratory and neurological signs, as well as skin lesions involving the subcutaneous tissue and regional lymph nodes. It should be further investigated a possible predisposing factor, such as infection by canine distemper virus and hemoparasites. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination based on the morphology of the bacteria and their histochemical characteristics, distinguishing mainly from other bacterial and fungal agents and is an important tool for the diagnosis, when the collection of material for cultivation and isolation of the agent is not possible.(AU)

Shared Physiological Traits of Exophiala Species in Cold-Blooded Vertebrates, as Opportunistic Black Yeasts.

Several species of the genus Exophiala are found as opportunistic pathogens on humans, while others cause infections in cold-blooded waterborne vertebrates. Opportunism of these fungi thus is likely to be multifactorial. Ecological traits [thermotolerance and pH tolerance, laccase activity, assimilation of mineral oil, and decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR)] were studied in a set of 40 strains of mesophilic Exophiala species focused on the salmonis-clade mainly containing waterborne species. Thermophilic species and waterborne species outside the salmonis-clade were included for comparison. Strains were able to tolerate a wide range of pHs, although optimal growth was observed between pH 4.0 and 5.5. All strains tested were laccase positive. Strains were able to grow in the presence of the compounds (mineral oil and RBBR) with some differences in assimilation patterns between strains tested and also were capable of degrading the main chromophore of RBBR. The study revealed that distantly related mesophilic species behave similarly, and no particular trend in evolutionary adaptation was observed.

Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil / Acanthamoebíase sistêmica associada a cinomose canina em cães na região semiárida da Paraíba

Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry.(AU)

Infecções por amebas de vida livre podem causar doença sistêmica nos animais e no homem. Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de acanthamoebíase disseminada associada com cinomose em três cães na região semiárida da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os cães afetados desenvolveram sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, que evoluíram para a morte em dois a 20 dias. Na necropsia havia áreas nodulares, irregulares e amarelo-avermelhadas distribuídas aleatoriamente em pulmões, coração, rins, fígado, baço, linfonodos, adrenal e intestino. Em um caso havia foco de malácia no córtex parietal e outro em núcleo da base encefálica. Histologicamente, foram observados piogranulomas com áreas de necrose e hemorragia em todos os órgãos afetados, associados a miríades de amebas intralesionais. Nos três casos havia cinomose concomitante, que possivelmente desencadeou imunossupressão nos cães. O diagnóstico foi realizado através dos achados microscópicos de infecção por amebas de vida livre e confirmado Acanthamoeba sp. pela imuno-histoquímica.(AU)

Systemic acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in dogs in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

Infections by free-living amoebae can cause systemic disease in animals and humans. We describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of disseminated acanthamoebiasis associated with canine distemper in three dogs of the semiarid region of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Affected dogs developed progressive neurological and respiratory signs that progressed to death within in two to 20 days. Gross lesions were irregular and with yellow-reddish nodules randomly distributed in the lungs, heart, kidneys, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenals, and intestine. One dog had foci of malacia in the parietal cortex and another one in nucleus of brain basis. Histologically, pyogranulomas with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in all organs affected were observed, associated with myriads of intralesional amoebic trophozoites. All three cases were concomitant canine distemper, that possibly triggered immunosuppression in the dogs. The diagnosis was performed through microscopic findings of infection by free-living amoebae and confirmed Acanthamoeba sp. by immunohistochemistry.

Infecções por amebas de vida livre podem causar doença sistêmica nos animais e no homem. Descrevem-se os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos de acanthamoebíase disseminada associada com cinomose em três cães na região semiárida da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Os cães afetados desenvolveram sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, que evoluíram para a morte em dois a 20 dias. Na necropsia havia áreas nodulares, irregulares e amarelo-avermelhadas distribuídas aleatoriamente em pulmões, coração, rins, fígado, baço, linfonodos, adrenal e intestino. Em um caso havia foco de malácia no córtex parietal e outro em núcleo da base encefálica. Histologicamente, foram observados piogranulomas com áreas de necrose e hemorragia em todos os órgãos afetados, associados a miríades de amebas intralesionais. Nos três casos havia cinomose concomitante, que possivelmente desencadeou imunossupressão nos cães. O diagnóstico foi realizado através dos achados microscópicos de infecção por amebas de vida livre e confirmado Acanthamoeba sp. pela imuno-histoquímica.

Antimicrobial potential of ethanol extracts of plants against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervicovaginal mucosa of sheep bred in the region of Petrolina-PE / Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos etanólicos de plantas frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas criadas na região de Petrolina-PE

Reproductive tract infections are the main causes of losses from the low reproductive efficiency ofsheep. Gram negative bacilli belonging to the normal flora of the genital region can trigger diseases.The pathogenicity of these agents is expressed when females are with weakened immune system, eitherby food or stress management. Flaws in and concern about antibiotic residues in animal productionhave prompted research regarding alternatives for the treatment of diseases. The herbal medicine has been considered in this context is the subject of numerous studies. This study aimed to evaluate theantibacterial potential of ethanol extracts of plants belonging to the flora of the Northeast against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervical-vaginal mucosa of sheep. Six plants were selected from Caatingabiome: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensisHymenaea martiana and Selaginella convoluta. The plant material was processed to obtain the crudeextract. This was tested by microdilution plate and determining the minimum bactericidal concentration,the second document of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the extracts diluted inwater and alcohol. We used 43 gram negative isolates, as follows: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10Acinetobacter spp. 9 and Klebsiella spp. In the aqueous dilution Klebsiella spp. showed response onlyto species B. laciniosa, S. convoluta and H. martiana. All tested extracts showed antibacterial activityagainst Acinetobacter spp and no activity against E. coli and Enterobacter spp. Among the extractsdiluted in water H. martiana showed the highest antibacterial activity. In all dilution alcoholic extractsshowed inhibitory activity against all bacterial genera, but no statistical difference between them.(AU)

Infecções do trato reprodutivo são as principais causas de baixa eficiência reprodutiva de ovelhas. Bacilos gram negativos pertencentes à microbiota genital podem ser patógenos oportunistas. Falhas na antibioticoterapia e a preocupação com resíduos destas drogas nos animais de produção têm incitado pesquisas referentes a alternativas para o tratamento de enfermidades. A fitoterapia tem sido considerada nesse âmbito, sendo alvo de inúmeras pesquisas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial antibacteriano de extratos etanólicos de plantas pertencentes à flora nordestina frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas. Foram selecionadas seis plantas do bioma caatinga: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensis, Hymenaea martiana e Selaginella convoluta. O material vegetal foi processado até obtenção do extrato bruto. Este foi testado por meio da microdiluição em placa e determinação da concentração bactericida mínima, segundo documento do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), sendo os extratos diluídos em água destilada e álcool. Foram utilizados 43 isolados gram negativos, sendo: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10 Acinetobacter spp. e 9 Klebsiella spp.. Na diluição aquosa o gênero Klebsiella apresentou resposta somente às espécies B. laciniosa, S. convoluta e H. martiana. Todos os extratos testados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana perante Acinetobacter spp e nenhuma atividadefrente E. coli e Enterobacter spp. Dentre os extratos diluídos em água, H. martiana demonstrou amaior atividade antibacteriana. Na diluição alcoólica todos os extratos apresentaram atividade inibitóriaperante todos os gêneros bacterianos, porém não apresentaram diferença estatística entre eles.(AU)

Antimicrobial potential of ethanol extracts of plants against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervicovaginal mucosa of sheep bred in the region of Petrolina-PE / Potencial antimicrobiano de extratos etanólicos de plantas frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas criadas na região de Petrolina-PE

Reproductive tract infections are the main causes of losses from the low reproductive efficiency ofsheep. Gram negative bacilli belonging to the normal flora of the genital region can trigger diseases.The pathogenicity of these agents is expressed when females are with weakened immune system, eitherby food or stress management. Flaws in and concern about antibiotic residues in animal productionhave prompted research regarding alternatives for the treatment of diseases. The herbal medicine has been considered in this context is the subject of numerous studies. This study aimed to evaluate theantibacterial potential of ethanol extracts of plants belonging to the flora of the Northeast against gramnegative bacilli isolated from cervical-vaginal mucosa of sheep. Six plants were selected from Caatingabiome: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensisHymenaea martiana and Selaginella convoluta. The plant material was processed to obtain the crudeextract. This was tested by microdilution plate and determining the minimum bactericidal concentration,the second document of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the extracts diluted inwater and alcohol. We used 43 gram negative isolates, as follows: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10Acinetobacter spp. 9 and Klebsiella spp. In the aqueous dilution Klebsiella spp. showed response onlyto species B. laciniosa, S. convoluta and H. martiana. All tested extracts showed antibacterial activityagainst Acinetobacter spp and no activity against E. coli and Enterobacter spp. Among the extractsdiluted in water H. martiana showed the highest antibacterial activity. In all dilution alcoholic extractsshowed inhibitory activity against all bacterial genera, but no statistical difference between them.

Infecções do trato reprodutivo são as principais causas de baixa eficiência reprodutiva de ovelhas. Bacilos gram negativos pertencentes à microbiota genital podem ser patógenos oportunistas. Falhas na antibioticoterapia e a preocupação com resíduos destas drogas nos animais de produção têm incitado pesquisas referentes a alternativas para o tratamento de enfermidades. A fitoterapia tem sido considerada nesse âmbito, sendo alvo de inúmeras pesquisas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial antibacteriano de extratos etanólicos de plantas pertencentes à flora nordestina frente a bacilos gram negativos isolados da mucosa cérvico-vaginal de ovelhas. Foram selecionadas seis plantas do bioma caatinga: Encholirium spectabile, Bromelia laciniosa, Neoglaziovia variegata, Amburana cearensis, Hymenaea martiana e Selaginella convoluta. O material vegetal foi processado até obtenção do extrato bruto. Este foi testado por meio da microdiluição em placa e determinação da concentração bactericida mínima, segundo documento do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), sendo os extratos diluídos em água destilada e álcool. Foram utilizados 43 isolados gram negativos, sendo: 14 E. coli, 10 Enterobacter spp., 10 Acinetobacter spp. e 9 Klebsiella spp.. Na diluição aquosa o gênero Klebsiella apresentou resposta somente às espécies B. laciniosa, S. convoluta e H. martiana. Todos os extratos testados apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana perante Acinetobacter spp e nenhuma atividadefrente E. coli e Enterobacter spp. Dentre os extratos diluídos em água, H. martiana demonstrou amaior atividade antibacteriana. Na diluição alcoólica todos os extratos apresentaram atividade inibitóriaperante todos os gêneros bacterianos, porém não apresentaram diferença estatística entre eles.

Intercorrência entre leucose enzoótica e brucelose em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) em sistema de produção extensivo / Intercurrence of enzootic leucosis and brucellosis in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in extensive production system

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a intercorrência entre leucose enzoótica e brucelose em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) em sistema de produção extensivo, pelo estabelecimento da prevalência de bubalinos reagentes às provas diagnósticas específicas. Foram analisados sorologicamente 232 animais, pela técnica de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agarose para diagnóstico de leucose enzoótica e o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado, seguida pelos testes confirmatórios 2-mercaptoetanol e soroaglutinação lenta em tubos para diagnóstico de brucelose. As prevalências de búfalos que apresentaram positividade para leucose e brucelose foram 4,21% (10/232) e 5,18% (12/232), respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa permitiram concluir que as infecções estudadas encontram-se presentes na população avaliada, entretanto, com baixa prevalência e sem dependência de ocorrência entre ambas.(AU)

This study was carried out to evaluate the intercurrence of brucellosis and enzootic leucosis in buffaloes in extensive production system by establishing the prevalence of reagent buffaloes for specific diagnostic tests. We analyzed 232 animals serologically by the technique of double immunodiffusion in agarose gel (AGID) for diagnostic of leucosis and the tampon acidified antigen (TAA) test, followed by confirmatory tests of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and slow serum agglutination (SSA) in tubes for diagnostic of brucellosis. The prevalence of buffaloes that were positive for leucosis and brucellosis tests were 4.21% (10/232) and 5.18%(12/232) respectively. The results of this investigation indicated that the diseases occur in the population studied, however, with low prevalence and without depending on the occurrence of both.(AU)

Intercorrência entre leucose enzoótica e brucelose em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) em sistema de produção extensivo / Intercurrence of enzootic leucosis and brucellosis in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in extensive production system

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a intercorrência entre leucose enzoótica e brucelose em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) em sistema de produção extensivo, pelo estabelecimento da prevalência de bubalinos reagentes às provas diagnósticas específicas. Foram analisados sorologicamente 232 animais, pela técnica de imunodifusão dupla em gel de agarose para diagnóstico de leucose enzoótica e o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado, seguida pelos testes confirmatórios 2-mercaptoetanol e soroaglutinação lenta em tubos para diagnóstico de brucelose. As prevalências de búfalos que apresentaram positividade para leucose e brucelose foram 4,21% (10/232) e 5,18% (12/232), respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa permitiram concluir que as infecções estudadas encontram-se presentes na população avaliada, entretanto, com baixa prevalência e sem dependência de ocorrência entre ambas.

This study was carried out to evaluate the intercurrence of brucellosis and enzootic leucosis in buffaloes in extensive production system by establishing the prevalence of reagent buffaloes for specific diagnostic tests. We analyzed 232 animals serologically by the technique of double immunodiffusion in agarose gel (AGID) for diagnostic of leucosis and the tampon acidified antigen (TAA) test, followed by confirmatory tests of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and slow serum agglutination (SSA) in tubes for diagnostic of brucellosis. The prevalence of buffaloes that were positive for leucosis and brucellosis tests were 4.21% (10/232) and 5.18%(12/232) respectively. The results of this investigation indicated that the diseases occur in the population studied, however, with low prevalence and without depending on the occurrence of both.

Duodenal perforation caused by Rhizomucor species in a cat.

UNLABELLED: CLINICAL SUMMARY: A 7-month-old female Persian cat presented with gastrointestinal (GI) necrosis and perforation caused by Rhizomucor species. Unfortunately, the cat died of bacterial peritonitis and sepsis before a definitive diagnosis, based on histopathology and fungal culture, was achieved. PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: This appears to be the first reported case of GI disease caused by Rhizomucor species in a cat. Mucorales infections typically cause acute and rapidly progressive disease. As illustrated by this case, clinicians should be alert to the potentially fatal consequences of an opportunistic Rhizomucor species infection in their feline patients.

[Pharmacologically immunosuppressed mice as a model for study of opportunistic parasite infections]. / Camundongos imunossuprimidos farmacologiamente como modelo para estudo de infecções parasitárias oportunistas.

Immunodeficient animals are important research models for studies in parasitology, oncology and immunology. Immunosuppressive drugs have been experimentally used to obtain a state of immunodeficiency in mice. This investigation aimed to quantify the circulating T and B cells of mice treated with the immunosuppressive agents dexamethasone (Dx), cyclosporine (CsA) and cyclophosphamide (CY), as well as to observe the behaviour of lymphocytic populations in the spleen of these animals. Blood samples were collected for counting the total peripheral blood leukocytes and T and B lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Total leukocytes of mice treated with the three drugs during all study showed a significant decrease when compared to the results of the control group. The proportion of B and T lymphocytes from the treated animals also decreased significantly. Spleen sections revealed a moderate decrease in the cellularity of the white pulp and the development of lymphocyte apoptosis in mice from groups treated with CY and Dx. Results showed that the proposed experimental models demonstrated to be suitable for studies of murine immunodeficiency.

Studies on the evolution, pathology, and immunity of commercial fattening rabbits affected with epizootic outbreaks of diarrhoeas in Mexico: a case report.

Epizootic outbreaks of diarrhoeas have emerged and disseminated in different rabbit farms in Mexico causing great economical losses, during the past years. Seven, 5-weeks-old New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits chosen at random from 35 ill animals that were remitted for postmortem, histopathology, and ultrastructural examinations were studied. Bacteriological and parasitological studies were carried out in three additional ill rabbits of same age. In a field trail 45, 5-weeks-old apparently healthy NZW rabbits were observed daily for sanitary status for a 5-week period. Some of the rabbits did not response to the preventive drug treatment and were therefore, used to study the development of the disease. Clinical signs, gross lesions, and mortality throughout the fattening period were recorded. Eight, 8-weeks-old NZW rabbits who survived an outbreak were assessed for gamma-globulins in serum of the total protein fraction during a 3-week period. Gamma-globulins were also measured in eight free-disease healthy rabbits of same breed and age. Lesions of the small intestine consisted of mucoid enteropathy, lymphocytic plasmocytic enteritis with atrophy and fusion of villi, and hyperplasia of globet cells. Serosal edema was present. Ultrastructural examinations of jejunum and ileum from 3/7 diseased rabbits, revealed enterocytes in apoptosis, mixed with degenerative and/or necrotic changes together with infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and loss of microvillus. There were electron dense structures suggestive of virus particles inside the nuclei and cytoplasm of some enterocytes. There was lymphoid spleen atrophy and proliferation of reticuloendothelial cells in 7/7 rabbits. Interstitial pneumonia in 4/7 rabbits was found. Encephalitozoon cuniculi was detected in the brain of 1/7 rabbits. Escherichia coli were detected in 3/3 cases and Eimeria spp. in 2/3 cases. Mortality rate in the field study was 51.1% and the spread of the disease occur in 9/9 cages. The proportion of gamma-globulins in rabbits who survive an outbreak was much lower (P=0.0001) than free-disease healthy rabbits (8.1+/-1.0 and 14.0+/-1.0, respectively). The disease was multifactorial and consisted of sub-acute mucoid enteropathy probably induced by viral infection and aggravated by the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens common to rabbits. This may explain the severe degenerative and necrotic changes observed in the small intestine of diarrhoeic rabbits.

[Pathological findings in pigs affected by the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Argentina]. / Hallazgos patológicos en cerdos afectados con el síndrome del desmedro multisistémico postdestete de la República Argentina.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome was first described in Canada in 1991 and at present an increasing number of cases has been diagnosed worldwide. In Argentina the first cases of PMWS were reported recently. Forty eight 5 to 12 week old pigs with signs characteristic of PMWS from 19 farms were studied. Although the real distribution of the virus in our country is not known it was observed an increasing number of farms with PMWS distributed in the major producing provinces. The histopathology was an important tool in diagnosis of suspicious cases of PMWS with the observation of different degrees of lesion. In the studied animals, the secondary infections, either by opportunistic pathogens or secondary bacteria could be important.

Hallazgos patológicos en cerdos afectados con el síndrome del desmedro multisistémico postdestete de la República Argentina / Pathological findings in pigs affected by the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Argentina

El síndrome del desmedro multisistémico postdestete (PMWS) fue descrito por primera vez en Canadá en el año 1991 y desde entonces un número creciente de casos han sido diagnosticados en todo el mundo. En la Argentina, el PMWS fue reportado por primera vez recientemente. Se estudiaron 48 cerdos de 5 a 12 semanas de edad con signos característicos de PMWS procedentes de 19 granjas. Si bien se desconoce la distribución real del virus en nuestro país se observó desde el año 2001 un número creciente de granjas con PMWS y distribuidas en las principales provincias productoras. La histopatología fue una herramienta diagnóstica importante en casos sospechosos de PMWS con la observación de diferentes grados de lesión. En los animales estudiados las infecciones secundarias pudieron ser importantes, ya sea por patógenos oportunistas o por complicaciones bacterianas.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome was first described in Canada in 1991 and at present an increasing number of cases has been diagnosed worldwide. In Argentina the first cases of PMWS were reported recently. Forty eight 5 to 12 week old pigs with signs characteristic of PMWS from 19 farms were studied. Although the real distribution of the virus in our country is not known it was observed an increasing number of farms with PMWS distributed in the major producing provinces. The histopathology was an important tool in diagnosis of suspicious cases of PMWS with the observation of different degrees of lesion. In the studied animals, the secondary infections, either by opportunistic pathogens or secondary bacteria could be important.