[Bilateral posterior glenohumeral fracture-dislocation secondary to a seizure episode: the importance of early diagnosis. A case review]. / Luxofractura posterior bilateral de hombro secundaria a episodio de convulsión: importancia del diagnóstico oportuno. A propósito de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: posterior glenohumeral fracture dislocation (PGHFD) is a rare injury. It may present secondary to a seizure, electrocution or due to direct trauma. It is usually missed, and late diagnosis is common which increases the rate of complications and sequalae. CASE REPORT: 52 year old male, transferred to a reference trauma center due to a tonic-clonic seizure and a right PGHFD. Upon admission radiographs are requested and right shoulder injury is confirmed. Additionally, a simple left posterior glenohumeral dislocation (that was missed in the initial assessment of the patient) is observed. A computed tomography (CT) scan is obtained for both shoulders to plan surgery. The CT scan showed a bilateral PGHFD with severe comminution in the left shoulder, showing considerable worsening of the left shoulder since admission. Open reduction and bilateral locked plate osteosynthesis were performed in a one stage surgery. At two years follow up the patient evolved favorably with a Quick DASH score of 5% and a CONSTANT score of 72 and 76 for his right and left shoulder, respectively. CONCLUSION: PGHFD is an infrequent injury, which requires a high level of suspicion to avoid diagnostic delay and prevent complications and sequelae. Bilateral cases may be seen in cases of seizure. With prompt surgical treatment, satisfactory results can be achieved with a complete return to normal activities.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la luxofractura glenohumeral posterior (LFGHP) es una lesión poco frecuente. Puede ser secundaria a una crisis convulsiva, casos de electrocución, o por traumatismo directo. Su diagnóstico suele ser tardío, lo que aumenta la tasa de complicaciones y secuelas. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente de sexo masculino de 52 años, trasladado a centro de alta complejidad por convulsión tónico-clónica y LFGHP derecha. En el estudio inicial con radiografías se confirma lesión de hombro derecho y se diagnostica luxación glenohumeral posterior simple de hombro izquierdo no pesquisada previamente. Se complementa estudio con tomografía computarizada (TC) de ambos hombros, observándose una LFGHP bilateral, lo que demuestra agravamiento intrahospitalario de la lesión del hombro izquierdo. Se realiza reducción abierta y osteosíntesis con placa bloqueada bilateral en un tiempo. El hombro izquierdo requirió dos reintervenciones, una por falla de osteosíntesis y otra para liberación articular. Dos años después del procedimiento el paciente evoluciona satisfactoriamente con 5% en la escala Quick DASH y un puntaje de 72 y 76 en la escala de Constant en el hombro derecho e izquierdo, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: la LFGHP es una lesión poco frecuente que requiere un alto índice de sospecha para evitar el retraso diagnóstico y la aparición de secuelas. En casos de convulsión se debe sospechar compromiso bilateral. Con un tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno se pueden obtener resultados satisfactorios y reintegración del paciente a sus actividades habituales.

Clinical Relevance of Persistent Off-Track Hill-Sachs Lesion After Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure.

BACKGROUND: The Latarjet procedure is often used to address off-track Hill-Sachs lesions (OFF-HS) in shoulders with anterior instability. There are concerns as to whether the Latarjet procedure is able to convert all OFF-HS into on-track Hill-Sachs lesions (ON-HS) and whether this limitation could explain the cases of recurrent postoperative instability. HYPOTHESIS: Latarjet surgery converts many preoperative OFF-HS lesions, but not all of them, and there is a difference in the failure rate between shoulders with converted lesions and those with persistent OFF-HS lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Patients with anterior shoulder instability and an OFF-HS lesion treated with an arthroscopic classic Latarjet procedure between January 2010 and September 2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with moderate or severe shoulder arthrosis, rotator cuff tears, or age older than 50 years were excluded. Glenoid track (GT), HS, HS interval (HSI), and the difference between HSI and GT (ΔHSI-GT) were measured preoperatively. A postoperative computed tomography scan and a clinical evaluation, including the Rowe and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability scores, were performed at a minimum 1- and 2-year follow-up, respectively. Postoperatively, 2 groups of patients were obtained: (1) patients with postoperative persistent OFF-HS; (2) patients with postoperative ON-HS. Clinical and imaging data were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients (n = 51 shoulders), with a mean age of 29.8 ± 8.4 years (range, 15-50 years), met the inclusion criteria. Six shoulders (11.8%) still showed OFF-HS lesions despite Latarjet surgery. There were no postoperative dislocations, but 3 patients reported subluxations. The subluxation rate was significantly higher in the postoperative persistent OFF-HS group (2 [33%] vs 1 [2.2%]; P = .033). There was a wider preoperative HSI (29.8 ± 2.4 mm vs 22.9 ± 3.5 mm; P < .001) and a larger preoperative ΔHSI-GT (12.2 ± 3.8 mm vs 4.82 ± 3.2 mm; P < .001) in the persistent OFF-HS group. A receiver operating characteristic curve was performed based on preoperative ΔHSI-GT values. A preoperative ΔHSI-GT value ≥7.45 mm predicted a persistent OFF-HS after Latarjet surgery (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 87%; positive predictive value, 50%; and negative predictive value, 100%). CONCLUSION: Latarjet surgery converted many preoperative OFF-HS lesions into ON-HS lesions, but not all of them. Six patients (11.8%) retained an OFF-HS and had a statistically significantly higher failure rate after Latarjet surgery compared with those with postoperative ON-HS lesions. Because there were few postoperative OFF-HS lesions and few recurrences, findings are statistically fragile and should be confirmed with larger series.

Bilateral fracture of the shoulders following epileptic seizures: a case report / Fratura bilateral de ombros após convulsões epilépticas: relato de caso

Convulsive seizures caused by hyponatremia occur when this condition is severe and develops quickly, resulting in a brain's adaptive inability to contain brain swelling. Seizures are rarely the cause of shoulder fractures. This is a case report of bilateral humerus fracture following a single epileptic seizure caused by drug hyponatremia, an unconventional event in medical practice. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room after a single tonic-clonic seizure with spontaneously ceased sphincter relaxation, showing Glasgow 6. No falls or restraint were reported by observers. When alert, the patient reported pain and difficulty moving both arms. During examination, the movement was li- mited to the right and left. Anteroposterior radiographs revealed bilateral fracture at the neck of humerus. To complement inves- tigation for further lesions, a computed tomography confirmed bilateral fracture-dislocation with impaction of the humeral head with the glenoid. Atraumatic bilateral fracture-dislocation of the humerus after epileptic seizure is a very rare event. It is believed that some of these diagnoses have been neglected due to the difficulty of characterizing the patient's pain in a postictal state. The importance of a detailed physical examination shall be emphasized in risk groups such as the polymedicated elderly.

Convulsive seizures caused by hyponatremia occur when this condition is severe and develops quickly, resulting in a brain's adaptive inability to contain brain swelling. Seizures are rarely the cause of shoulder fractures. This is a case report of bilateral humerus fracture following a single epileptic seizure caused by drug hyponatremia, an unconventional event in medical practice. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room after a single tonic-clonic seizure with spontaneously ceased sphincter relaxation, showing Glasgow 6. No falls or restraint were reported by observers. When alert, the patient reported pain and difficulty moving both arms. During examination, the movement was li- mited to the right and left. Anteroposterior radiographs revealed bilateral fracture at the neck of humerus. To complement inves- tigation for further lesions, a computed tomography confirmed bilateral fracture-dislocation with impaction of the humeral head with the glenoid. Atraumatic bilateral fracture-dislocation of the humerus after epileptic seizure is a very rare event. It is believed that some of these diagnoses have been neglected due to the difficulty of characterizing the patient's pain in a postictal state. The importance of a detailed physical examination shall be emphasized in risk groups such as the polymedicated elderly.

Scapulothoracic dissociation and blunt vertebral vascular injury: case report / > Disociación escapulo-torácica y trauma cerrado de arteria vertebral: reporte de un caso

Abstract Case Description: A 24-year-old male suffers from a motor vehicle accident with penetrating neck trauma and concomitant closed left cervicothoracic trauma. Clinical Findings: High impact trauma causing hypovolemic shock, left zone I penetrating neck trauma, ischemia due to blunt trauma to the axillary vessels, and brachial plexus injury. Transection of the vertebral artery on angiotomography. Diagnosed with scapulothoracic dissociation and vertebral artery trauma. Treatment and outcome: Axillary arteriovenous reconstruction, fasciotomies, non-surgical approach of the vertebral artery trauma, and deferred treatment of the brachial plexus trauma were performed. Survival of the patient and his limb, with major neurologic sequelae Clinical Relevance: The case presented here is an example of scapulothoracic dissociation with associated trauma to the vertebral artery, injuries that are uncommon and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of the injuries and a multidisciplinary approach for this complex case by surgical board reviews at various levels within the course of care were key determinants in the patient's improved prognosis. This case report presents an analysis of the diagnostics, treatment, and course; considering in-hospital care and the decision-making process as determinants for the prognosis in a polytrauma patient.

Resumen Descripción del caso: Varón de 24 años que sufre accidente automovilístico con trauma penetrante de cuello y trauma cerrado cervico torácico izquierdo concomitante. Hallazgos clínicos: Shock hipovolémico, trauma en zona I cuello izquierdo, isquemia por trauma cerrado de vasos axilares y lesión por trauma cerrado del plexo braquial; producto de trauma de alto impacto. Sección de arteria vertebral por angiotomografia. Se diagnostica disociación escapulo-torácica y trauma de arteria vertebral. Tratamiento y resultado: Reconstrucción vascular arterio-venosa axilar, fasciotomías y abordaje no operatorio del trauma de arteria vertebral, con manejo diferido del trauma del plexo braquial. Sobrevida del paciente y su extremidad, con secuelas neurológicas mayores. Relevancia clínica: Es un caso de disociación escapulotorácica y lesión de arteria vertebral concomitante, siendo esta una asociación infrecuente y de alta morbi-mortalidad. El reconocimiento temprano de las lesiones y un abordaje multidisciplinario de este escenario de complejidad por medio de juntas quirúrgicas en varios niveles del proceso de atención, fueron determinantes para cambiar el pronóstico del paciente. Se presenta un análisis del diagnóstico, manejo y evolución; considerando el proceso de atención hospitalaria, toma consensuada de decisiones y el pronóstico en un paciente politraumatizado.

Scapulothoracic dissociation and blunt vertebral vascular injury: case report.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 24-year-old male suffers from a motor vehicle accident with penetrating neck trauma and concomitant closed left cervicothoracic trauma. CLINICAL FINDINGS: High impact trauma causing hypovolemic shock, left zone I penetrating neck trauma, ischemia due to blunt trauma to the axillary vessels, and brachial plexus injury. Transection of the vertebral artery on angiotomography. Diagnosed with scapulothoracic dissociation and vertebral artery trauma. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Axillary arteriovenous reconstruction, fasciotomies, non-surgical approach of the vertebral artery trauma, and deferred treatment of the brachial plexus trauma were performed. Survival of the patient and his limb, with major neurologic sequelae. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The case presented here is an example of scapulothoracic dissociation with associated trauma to the vertebral artery, injuries that are uncommon and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of the injuries and a multidisciplinary approach for this complex case by surgical board reviews at various levels within the course of care were key determinants in the patient's improved prognosis. This case report presents an analysis of the diagnostics, treatment, and course; considering in-hospital care and the decision-making process as determinants for the prognosis in a polytrauma patient.

DESCRIPCIÓN DEL CASO: Varón de 24 años que sufre accidente automovilístico con trauma penetrante de cuello y trauma cerrado cervico torácico izquierdo concomitante. HALLAZGOS CLÍNICOS: Shock hipovolémico, trauma en zona I cuello izquierdo, isquemia por trauma cerrado de vasos axilares y lesión por trauma cerrado del plexo braquial; producto de trauma de alto impacto. Sección de arteria vertebral por angiotomografia. Se diagnostica disociación escapulo-torácica y trauma de arteria vertebral. TRATAMIENTO Y RESULTADO: Reconstrucción vascular arterio-venosa axilar, fasciotomías y abordaje no operatorio del trauma de arteria vertebral, con manejo diferido del trauma del plexo braquial. Sobrevida del paciente y su extremidad, con secuelas neurológicas mayores. RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA: Es un caso de disociación escapulotorácica y lesión de arteria vertebral concomitante, siendo esta una asociación infrecuente y de alta morbi-mortalidad. El reconocimiento temprano de las lesiones y un abordaje multidisciplinario de este escenario de complejidad por medio de juntas quirúrgicas en varios niveles del proceso de atención, fueron determinantes para cambiar el pronóstico del paciente. Se presenta un análisis del diagnóstico, manejo y evolución; considerando el proceso de atención hospitalaria, toma consensuada de decisiones y el pronóstico en un paciente politraumatizado.

Tomographic evaluation of Hill-Sachs lesions: is there a correlation between different methods of measurement?

BACKGROUND: Several methods are currently available to evaluate and quantify the glenoid or humeral bone loss; however, none is universally accepted, particularly in the case of Hill-Sachs (HS) lesions. PURPOSE: To establish whether there is correlation among different methods of measuring HS lesions, and to investigate the correlation between glenoid bone loss and the various HS lesion measurements and to assess the inter-observer reliability of such measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed computed tomography (CT) or arthro-CT scans taken from individuals with recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocation. The scans were independently assessed by two examiners. The parameters assessed were as follows: HS lesion width and depth on the axial and coronal planes, articular arc loss on the axial plane, and percentage of glenoid bone loss on the sagittal plane. RESULTS: Scans from 50 shoulders were assessed. The percentage of articular arc loss and HS lesion width on the axial plane were the only measurements that exhibited strong correlation (r = 0.83; P < 0.001). The values of the correlation coefficient corresponding to HS lesion depth on the coronal plane were the lowest. Most of the measurements exhibited moderate correlation. The inter-examiner reliability was good relative to all measurements except for HS lesion width and depth on the coronal plane, for which it was moderate. CONCLUSION: The measurements of articular arc loss and HS lesion width on the axial plane exhibited strong correlation. The inter-examiner reliability relative to articular arc loss, HS lesion width and depth on the axial plane, and glenoid bone loss was good.

Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation Among Adolescents: Hill-Sachs Lesion Volume and Recurrent Instability.

BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs) and their relationship to the glenoid track is essential to optimizing management following traumatic shoulder dislocation. The purpose of this study was to measure the size of HSLs by a novel method with magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography and to investigate the relationship between lesion size and instability history in adolescents (below 19 y of age) with a history of traumatic dislocation. METHODS: All shoulder MR arthrograms queried to identify HSLs over a 4-year period were retrospectively reviewed and independently evaluated by 2 blinded musculoskeletal radiologists. HSLs were evaluated on axial T1-weighted fat-saturated images. For each consecutive image slice in which the HSL was identified, a freehand region of interest was constructed along the compression fracture cavity. Region of interest sum was multiplied by image slice thickness (and gap between slices if present) to generate a total HSL volume (mm). Subject chart review was then performed to acquire demographic data, including shoulder dislocation history. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients met inclusion criteria and included 22 boys (mean age, 16.3 y) and 8 girls (mean age, 16.4 y). Four patients had a history of 1 traumatic dislocation, 12 had a history of 2, and 14 had a history of ≥3. The average size of the HSL for all patients was 3.8 mm (range, 0.52 to 11 mm). There was no significant difference in HSL volume between the 21 skeletally immature (3.7 mm) and 9 skeletally mature (4.2 mm) patients (P=0.67). Patients with a history of 1, 2, or 3+ dislocations had an average HSL volume of 1.3, 3.7, and 4.7 mm, respectively. The measurement method revealed excellent interreader reliability (P=0.00). There was a statistically significant difference between dislocation history group mean HSL volumes (P=0.019), as well as a statistically significant difference between the number of dislocations and lesion volume (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: HSLs can be effectively measured in adolescent patients using MR arthrography and patients with larger HSLs have more recurrent instability episodes, potentially meriting greater and earlier attention to the defect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/diagnostic study level IV.

Arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability in soccer goalkeepers.

The aim of this study was to report epidemiologic data and results of arthroscopic treatment of glenohumeral instability in soccer goalkeepers. We included 12 soccer goalkeepers with a mean age of 28.9 years (range 18-45 years) with acute or recurrent traumatic anterior instability who underwent an arthroscopic anatomic capsulolabral repair with bone anchors. Patients who underwent surgery within 4 weeks of the first episode of dislocation were classified as acute instability. The results were evaluated using the Rowe Scale and analyzed according to stability, range of motion and function. The mean follow-up was 3.8 years. The most common mechanism of injury (90% of the cases) was abduction, external rotation and extension. Associated injuries were present in 57.2% of recurrent cases and 20% of acute cases (p<0.293). Excellent or good results were observed in 80% of the cases of acute instability and in 57.2% of cases in the group with recurrent instability (p<0.586). From a total of 12 soccer goalkeepers who underwent the arthroscopic capsulolabral repair, good or excellent results were obtained in 66.6% of cases of glenohumeral instability. Surgical arthroscopic repair was possible in all cases of acute or recurrent instability based on well-established inclusion criteria, i. e., with well-defined exclusion criteria, such as HAGL lesion and significant glenohumeral bone loss, the arthroscopic capsulolabral repair can be carried out in soccer goalkeepers.

Centering osteotomy for treatment of posterior shoulder dislocation in obstetrical palsy.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study is to describe a new surgical technique that, through a gleno-humeral approach, reduces the incongruent joint while a humeral head centering osteotomy achieves shoulder stabilization. A humeral medial derotational osteotomy is performed associated with the articular reduction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients with obstetrical palsy presenting a posterior humeral head dislocation were submitted to a centering osteotomy procedure. Our study included patients with: (1) more than 1.5 years postoperative follow-up, (2) presence of humeral head posterior dislocation. The exclusion criteria were the following: (1) patients with total flaccid paralysis, (2) low paralysis and (3) any kind of active infection at the time of the procedure. RESULTS: Before treatment, in all patients, the shoulder joint was posteriorly dislocated and in internal rotation. All patients went on to have successful healing at the osteotomy site. In all cases, an improvement in the functional Mallet scale was observed. In all patients, except one, the posterior dislocation was corrected. In two cases, a second surgery (external derotation osteotomy) was performed to improve the upper extremity's position. CONCLUSIONS: Articular congruency, after posterior dislocations of the humeral head, is achieved by humeral head centering osteotomy in patients with obstetrical palsy late deformities and also improves function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV; case series.

Luxação glenoumeral anterior bilateral: caso clínico / Bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation: clinical case

A luxação glenoumeral anterior bilateral é uma ocorrência rara. Apresentamos um caso de luxação glenoumeral anterior bilateral com origem após uma queda da própria altura. O interesse desta publicação reside no fato de se tratar de uma raridade clínica com poucos casos descritos na literatura. Paciente do sexo feminino com 89 anos recorre ao serviço de urgência (SU) após queda referindo dor intensa e incapacidade de mobilização de ambos os ombros. Ao exame objetivo apresentava sinais clínicos suspeitos de luxação glenoumeral anterior bilateral confirmados por radiografia. Ambas as luxações foram reduzidas no SU pela técnica de Milch modificada, com sucesso. Quando existe uma força simétrica e síncrona sobre os ombros e estes se apresentarem dolorosos e com limite funcional significativo, a suspeita de luxação glenoumeral bilateral, embora rara, é um diagnóstico diferencial a ter em conta.

Bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation is a rare occurrence. We present a case of bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation caused by a fall. The interest in publishing this case is that this is a clinical rarity with few cases reported in the literature. An 89-year-old female patient was brought to the emergency department after a fall, complaining of intense pain in both shoulders and inability to move them. Objective examination showed clinical signs giving the suspicion of bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation, which was confirmed by x-ray imaging. Both dislocations were successfully reduced in the emergency department using the modified Milch technique. When a synchronous and symmetrical force has acted on both shoulders and these are painful with significant functional limitation, the suspicion of bilateral glenohumeral dislocation is a differential diagnosis to be considered, even though it is rare.

Luxação recidivante do ombro: do papiro de Edwin Smith à capsuloplastia térmica / Shoulder recurrent dislocation: from Edwin Smith's papyrus to thermal capsuloplasty

O primeiro registro de luxação glenoumeral remonta ao papiro de Edwin Smith (3000-2500 a.C.), sendo conhecida e estudada por Hipócrates (470-377 a.C.). Desde então, houve grande evolução no diagnóstico, entendimento e, especialmente, no tratamento dessa patologia e das lesões a ela associadas. Os avanços dos métodos diagnósticos e o conhecimento anatômico permitiram que novas lesões associadas fossem reveladas (SLAP, GLAD, ALPSA, HAGL), modificando o método de tratamento. O entendimento da avulsão do lábrum, conhecida como lesão de Bankart, e denominada "lesão essencial", foi fundamental para o aprimoramento da técnica cirúrgica. As técnicas cirúrgicas antigas, que visavam a estabilização através de encurtamento capsular ou bloqueio da rotação externa, sem corrigir a lesão labral, foram substituídas pela reinserção do lábrum, restaurando a anatomia. O emprego das âncoras de sutura diminuiu o tempo cirúrgico e facilitou tecnicamente o procedimento. O entendimento dos conceitos de instabilidade e de frouxidão capsuloligamentar foram igualnente importantes na escolha da técnica apropriada. As técnicas cirúrgicas atuais visam a reconstrução das lesões associadas, sem causar restrição da mobilidade ou de atividade do paciente. A análise de diversas publicações demonstra que a técnica aberta para o tratamento da luxação recidivante é um procedimento com resultados conhecidos e com baixo índice de recidiva e outras complicações, sendo considerado ainda como o golden standard. A técnica artroscópica, minimamente invasiva, sem dúvida trouxe grande avanço, com melhor conhecimento das lesões associadas, melhor cosmese e com preservação do músculo subescapular. Apresenta resultados comparáveis aos da técnica aberta, quando a adequada seleção do paciente é realizada. A cirurgia de Bristow permanece sendo um procedimento de "salvação", nos casos de grande fratura do rebordo da glenóide e falha da técnica convencional. A capsuloplastia térmica produz resultados incertos e seu uso vem sendo abandonado

Four-part fracture dislocation of the proximal humerus: an arthroscopic approach.

The 4-part fracture dislocation of the proximal humerus remains an unsolved problem in young patients. The majority of 4-part fracture dislocations are best managed by humeral head replacement, although open reduction and internal fixation in young patients with good bone quality may be considered. Better results are obtained associated with limited exposure, careful soft tissue dissection, and stable fixation. We present an unpublished technique of reduction with arthroscopic assistance and percutaneous stabilization, which preserves the soft tissue around the fragments, avoiding the deltopectoral approach.

Inestabilidad postraumática de hombro / Postraumatic instability of shoulder

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el mejor tratamiento quirúrgico para la inestabilidad postraumática anterior recidivante del hombro. Para ello se analizaron los principales factores estabilizadores del hombro y su compromiso según los distintos investigadores, encontrando que la lesión del labrum (lesión de Bankart) y la lesión capsuloligamentaria son los más frecuentes e importantes. Se evaluaron 96 hombros operados con diagnóstico de inestabilidad postraumática anterior recidivante con un seguimiento promedio de 44 meses. El 44 por ciento de los hombros eran laxos, asintomáticos antes del traumatismo. En todos los casos el tratamiento consistió en la plicatura capsular anterior con deslizamiento oblicuo o capsular shift y reparación de la lesión de Bankart encontrada en el 51 por ciento de los hombros operados. Según Score de Rowe modificado, los resultados fueron excelentes en 75 hombros (78.1 por ciento), buenos en 13 (13.5 por ciento), regulares en 3 (3.1 por ciento) y malos en 5 (5.2 por ciento). El ínidice de recidiva postoperatorio fue de 5.2 por ciento. A partir del análisis de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos causantes de la inestabilidad (lesión capsular y del labrum) se concluye que las técnicas de reparación labral, capsular y ligamentaria -entre otras, la técnica utilizada- demuestran ser las más racionales para resolver la causa del problema. A la luz del análisis de nuestros resultados clínicos y comparando con los de otros procedimientos publicados se infiere que la plicatura capsular con reparación del labrum a cielo abierto, se destaca entre las técnicas más efectivas. Recomendamos este procedimiento en el tratamiento de las inestabilidades postraumáticas anteriores recidivantes del hombro. (AU)

Inestabilidad postraumática de hombro / Postraumatic instability of shoulder

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el mejor tratamiento quirúrgico para la inestabilidad postraumática anterior recidivante del hombro. Para ello se analizaron los principales factores estabilizadores del hombro y su compromiso según los distintos investigadores, encontrando que la lesión del labrum (lesión de Bankart) y la lesión capsuloligamentaria son los más frecuentes e importantes. Se evaluaron 96 hombros operados con diagnóstico de inestabilidad postraumática anterior recidivante con un seguimiento promedio de 44 meses. El 44 por ciento de los hombros eran laxos, asintomáticos antes del traumatismo. En todos los casos el tratamiento consistió en la plicatura capsular anterior con deslizamiento oblicuo o capsular shift y reparación de la lesión de Bankart encontrada en el 51 por ciento de los hombros operados. Según Score de Rowe modificado, los resultados fueron excelentes en 75 hombros (78.1 por ciento), buenos en 13 (13.5 por ciento), regulares en 3 (3.1 por ciento) y malos en 5 (5.2 por ciento). El ínidice de recidiva postoperatorio fue de 5.2 por ciento. A partir del análisis de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos causantes de la inestabilidad (lesión capsular y del labrum) se concluye que las técnicas de reparación labral, capsular y ligamentaria -entre otras, la técnica utilizada- demuestran ser las más racionales para resolver la causa del problema. A la luz del análisis de nuestros resultados clínicos y comparando con los de otros procedimientos publicados se infiere que la plicatura capsular con reparación del labrum a cielo abierto, se destaca entre las técnicas más efectivas. Recomendamos este procedimiento en el tratamiento de las inestabilidades postraumáticas anteriores recidivantes del hombro.

O ombro doloroso na hemiplegia: uma abordagem para o clínico / The dolorous shoulder in hemiplegia: an approach for the clinician

Os autores fazem uma revisäo bibliográfica, visando fornecer ao clínico geral, uma abordagem diagnóstica, terapêutica e preventiva das complicaçöes do ombro nos pacientes humiplégicos

Tratamiento de la luxación anterior recidivante del hombro por la técnica de Boytchev / Treatment of relapsing anterior shoulder dislocation by the Boytchev's technique

Para la confección de trabajo se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Provincial Clínicoquirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley", desde enero de 1981 a diciembre de 1987, con el diagnóstico de luxación anterior recidivante del hombro y que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por la técnica de Boytchev, con el objetivo de evitar la recidiva de la luxación y conseguir una función óptima de la articulación (AU)

Tratamiento de la luxación anterior recidivante del hombro por la técnica de Boytchev / Treatment of relapsing anterior shoulder dislocation by the Boytchev's technique

Para la confección de trabajo se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital Provincial Clínicoquirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley", desde enero de 1981 a diciembre de 1987, con el diagnóstico de luxación anterior recidivante del hombro y que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por la técnica de Boytchev, con el objetivo de evitar la recidiva de la luxación y conseguir una función óptima de la articulación

Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder

The pathological anatomy of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder joint is discussed. A note is made of the occurrence of loose bodies in some shoulders which suffer from recurrent dislocation. The treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder is considered from the point of view of the pathological anatomy. It is suggested that the Putti-Platt operation is an ideal one for this condition and a brief description of the operation is given (AU)