Is there a tolerance for extension of the first metatarsal after the Lapidus procedure? A clinical, functional, and hindfoot radiographic analysis.

PURPOSE: Based on the tripod concept of load distribution, our study aimed to evaluate whether a slight extension of first metatarsal (M1) that may occur after the Lapidus procedure (LP) could alter the radiographic measurements of the hindfoot and influence clinical and functional outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (27 feet) were reviewed. Hindfoot radiographic analysis was based on seven measurements. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated with self-reported questionnaires. Transfer metatarsalgia was also assessed. Correlation analysis was performed according to variations of the studied variables. RESULTS: The average extension of the M1 was 4.26 degrees (p < 0.001). None of the hindfoot radiographic measurements changed significantly (p = 0.13, p = 0.50, p = 0.19, p = 0.70, p = 0.11, p = 0.36, p = 0.83). Patients improved on most questionnaires (p < 0.001). None presented transfer metatarsalgia. No correlation between M1 extension and clinical and functional outcomes was found. CONCLUSION: Possibly there is a tolerance of M1 extension in which it does not alter the radiographic measurements of the hindfoot, overload the lesser metatarsals, or compromise clinical and functional outcomes.

Incidencia de dedo flotante en la osteotomía metatarsiana distal percutánea con osteosíntesis para el tratamiento de la metatarsalgia con dedo en martillo rígido / Incidence of floating toe after distal minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomy with pin osteosynthesis for the treatment of metatarsalgia and rigid hammertoe

Introducción: La metatarsalgia central es una causa frecuente de dolor de antepié. La osteotomía de Weil es el tratamiento quirúrgico más popular y la osteotomía metatarsiana distal percutánea (OMDP) es la técnica percutánea más utilizada. La principal desventaja de estas técnicas es la aparición de dedo flotante que es aún mayor cuando se la asocia a artrodesis interfalángica proximal (AIFP). En esta serie de casos, se combinó la OMDP y la osteosíntesis con clavija de Kirschner para elevar el centro de rotación de la cabeza del metatarsiano con el objetivo de disminuir la presencia de dedos flotantes. Nuestra principal hipótesis fue que esta técnica generará menos dedos flotantes en los pacientes con diagnóstico de metatarsalgia mecánica y dedo en martillo rígido, comparada con la osteotomía de Weil. materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de metatarsalgia mecánica y dedo en martillo rígido. Se los sometió a una OMDP más fijación con clavija de Kirschner en combinación con AIFP. Finalmente, se comparó la presencia de dedos flotantes con un grupo de pacientes operados con la técnica de Weil y AIFP. Resultados: Se realizaron 39 OMDP más AIFP. La tasa de dedos flotantes fue del 31%. No hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa comparada con la técnica de Weil (36%, p= 0,634). Conclusión: La OMDP con elevación del centro de rotación asociada con AIFP no proporcionó una menor incidencia de dedos flotantes en comparación con la osteotomía de Weil. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Central metatarsalgia is a common cause of forefoot pain. The most common surgical treatment is Weil osteotomy and the most popular percutaneous technique is distal minimally invasive metatarsal osteotomy (DMMO). However, the main disadvantage of these techniques is the appearance of floating toes, which is even greater when associated with proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis. In this series of cases, DMMO was combined with a pin to elevate the center of rotation of the metatarsal head with the aim of reducing the presence of floating toes. Our main hypothesis was that this technique would result in a lower presence of floating toes in patients diagnosed with mechanical metatarsalgia and rigid hammertoe, compared to Weil osteotomies. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out on consecutive adult patients diagnosed with mechanical metatarsalgia and rigid hammertoe. DMMO was performed with pin fixation in combination with proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthrodesis. Finally, the presence of floating toes was compared with a group of patients operated on with the Weil technique and PIP arthrodesis. Results: A total of 39 DMMOs with PIP arthrodesis were performed. The percentage of floating toes was 31% . There was no statistically significant difference compared to the Weil technique (36%, p = 0.634). Conclusion: DMMO for elevation of the center of rotation associated with PIP arthrodesis fixed with a pin did not provide a lower incidence of floating toes compared to Weil osteotomy. Level of Evidence: IV

Degenerative injuries of the metatarsophalangeal plantar plate on magnetic resonance imaging: a new perspective.

OBJECTIVE: The magnetic resonance imaging diagnostic criteria for a complete tear of metatarsophalangeal plantar plate are well-established. However, more subtle abnormalities can also occur and be a source of pain. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of degenerative plantar plate injuries in patients with metatarsalgia who underwent forefoot magnetic resonance imaging and describe the main abnormalities found. The hypothesis is that mild capsular fibrosis will have high sensitivity but low specificity for plantar plate degenerative injuries. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 85 patients (105 feet) with metatarsalgia who underwent forefoot magnetic resonance imaging using a specific protocol to study metatarsophalangeal plantar plate. The experiment observer classified second toe plantar plate as normal, complete rupture or degenerative lesion and described the main magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: A normal plantar plate was observed in 75 (71.4%) of the 105 feet assessed, in 25 (24%) feet there were degenerative plantar lesions, and in 5 (4.6%) feet there were complete ruptures. Degenerative injury of the plantar plate was best identified in coronal short axis intermediate-weighted images, with high sensitivity (92%). Pericapsular fibrosis below the intermetatarsal ligament was identified in 96% of cases, with high sensitivity (96%) for diagnosis of degenerative plantar plate injury. CONCLUSION: Degenerative lesions of the metatarsophalangeal plantar plate were more prevalent than complete ruptures and were best viewed in coronal short axis intermediate-weighted sequences. Pericapsular fibrosis below the intermetatarsal ligament was the indirect finding most strongly associated with degenerative plantar plate injury.

One-Stage Lengthening and Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Metaphyseal Osteotomy (DMMO) for Brachymetatarsia.

Level of Evidence: Level V.

Lesão da Placa Plantar da Articulação Metatarsofalangeana do 1º raio: um relato de caso / Injury of the Plantar Plate of the Metatarsophalangeal Joint of the 1st ray: a case report

Introdução: A placa plantar do hálux, localizada na articulação metatarso falangeana(MTF) é o principal estabilizador estático e dinâmico dessa articulação, sua lesão traumática é de difícil diagnóstico e pode levar ao enfraquecimento e/ou lesão da cápsula, além de instabilidade articular, com subsequente deformidade do dedo e queixas álgicas importantes. Relato do Caso: O relato descreve o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, com 33 anos de idade, admitido na unidade de atendimento imediato do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal (HSPM), com queixa de dor na região plantar do primeiro metatarso do pé direito há 2 dias, com história de trauma em hiperextensão do hálux direito ao descer de escada. Apresentou edema 2+/4+ na região plantar do primeiro raio, equimose região plantar do primeiro raio, dor a palpação dos sesamoides. Flexão ativa interfalangiana do hálux presente. Teste da gaveta dorso plantar positivo e instabilidade em varo e valgo com amplitude de movimento normal. No exame de Raio X (RX), foi evidenciado região sem fraturas, com assimetria do sesamoide lateral. Assim, como conduta complementar foi solicitado a realização Ressonância Magnética (RNM) para melhor elucidação e diagnóstico da lesão da placa plantar. O resultado da RNM apresentou "sinais de lesão da placa plantar e capsulo-ligamentar metatarsofalângicas do hálux, com rotura de espessura total do ligamento sesamoidefalângico medial e rotura parcial de alto grau do ligamento colateral medial, de aspecto recente (Turf Toe)". O paciente então foi encaminhado para procedimento cirúrgico(reparo da placa plantar com reinserção dos sesamoides) e após o procedimento e período pós cirúrgico para tratamento fisioterápico. Discussão: a placa plantar do primeiro raio é, portanto, a principal estrutura estabilizadora da articulação MTF devido à sua localização central e múltiplas fixações importantes, e as indicações cirúrgicas tem obtido resultados favoráveis aos pacientes. Assim, evitando complicações graves como instabilidade, metatarsalgia, artrose e até deformidade do primeiro raio. Conclusão: Paciente sem dor ou instabilidade, segue em acompanhamento fisioterapêutico. Palavras-chave: Articulação Metatarsofalângica. Metatarsalgia do primeiro raio. Placa Plantar. Turf Toe.

Sagittal Chevron Shortening Osteotomy With Lateral Wedge for Treatment of Lesser Metatarsal Overload: A Case Report.

Metatarsalgia is a common problem that refers to the tenderness and pain beneath the forefoot. Many metatarsal shortening osteotomies have been described to alleviate metatarsal overload; however, these osteotomies have been associated with a high complication rate of floating toe deformity. We present a case study that describes an innovative technique for the treatment of lesser metatarsalgia that allows for the repositioning of the metatarsal head, using a stable screw fixation designed to minimize the common complication of the floating toe.

[Clinical results of treatment of mechanical metatarsalgia without first metatarsal involvement]. / Resultados clínicos del tratamiento de la metatarsalgia mecánica sin afectación del primer metatarsiano.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical results of metatarsalgia treated with percutaneous distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomies (DMMO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective and continuous study of 29 patients with isolated unilateral mechanical metatarsalgia, operated on with DMMO, with a mean follow-up of 38 months. The mean age of the patients was 58 (range: 50-67) years and only two men. We use the AOFAS score, we obtained the digital and metatarsal formulas on the X-rays. We record the subjective assessment of the surgeon and the patient at the end of the treatment. RESULTS: The improvement in the final score exceeded 80 points in all cases (p = 0.000), with a significant improvement in pain (p = 0.000) and calluses (p = 0.000), improving metatarsal-phalangeal joint stability and interphalangeal and metatarsal alignment. The type of footwear did not change after surgery, we found no variation in mobility, neither in the metatarsophalangeal joints (p = 0.382), nor in the interphalangeal joints (p = 0.672). After surgery increased the square foot morphology (p = 0.027) but the metatarsal formula underwent few modifications. Patients and surgeons were in 96% of the cases "very satisfied" or "satisfied". CONCLUSION: DMMO achieves a high degree of satisfaction in patients and in the surgeon, pain and hyperkeratosis under the head of the painful metatarsals disappear and that significantly improves the functional capacity of patients.

OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados clínicos de las metatarsalgias tratadas con osteotomías metafisarias metatarsales distales (DMMO) por vía percutánea. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo y continuo de 29 pacientes afectados de metatarsalgia mecánica aislada unilateral, intervenidas con una DMMO, con un seguimiento medio de 38 meses. La edad media de los pacientes fue 58 (rango: 50-67) años y sólo dos hombres. Utilizamos la escala AOFAS, anotamos la fórmula digital y metatarsiana sobre la radiografía. Registramos la valoración subjetiva del cirujano y del paciente al final del tratamiento. RESULTADOS: La mejoría de la puntuación final superó los 80 puntos en todos los metatarsianos (p = 0.000), con una mejoría significativa del dolor (p = 0.000) y de las callosidades (p = 0.000), mejorando la estabilidad articular metatarso-falángica e interfalángica y la alineación de los metatarsianos. El tipo del calzado no cambió después de la cirugía, no encontramos variación de la movilidad, ni en las articulaciones metatarso-falángicas (p = 0.382), ni en las interfalángicas (p = 0.672). Después de la cirugía aumentaron los pies cuadrados (p = 0.027). La fórmula metatarsiana sufrió pocas modificaciones, 96% de los pacientes y de los cirujanos se mostraron "muy satisfechos" o "satisfechos". CONCLUSIÓN: La DMMO consigue un alto grado de satisfacción en pacientes y también en el cirujano, elimina el dolor y la hiperqueratosis bajo la cabeza de los metatarsianos dolorosos que mejora significativamente la capacidad funcional de los pacientes.

Correlação clínica e funcional com encurtamento do primeiro metatarso após correção do hálux valgo com a técnica de Lapidus / Clinical and functional correlation with shortening of the first metatarsal after correction of lux valgo with the Lapidus technique

O hálux valgo (HV) é uma patologia comum do antepé e sua etiologia é multifatorial. Para deformidades graves, ou em casos de hipermobilidade de primeiro raio, o procedimento de Lapidus (PL) foi relatado como uma opção de tratamento ideal. O objetivo foi correlacionar o encurtamento do primeiro metatarso (1M) com metatarsalgia de transferência (MT) e os resultados clínicos e funcionais em pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de Lapidus (PL). O estudo é uma revisão retrospectiva de 29 pacientes submetidos ao PL para correção de HV. O seguimento médio foi de 20 meses. O comprimento 1M foi analisado usando a medição do comprimento relativo do primeiro metatarso (CRPM). O ângulo intermetatarsal (AIM) e o ângulo de metatarsofalangeano (AMTF) também foram medidos. As análises clínicas e funcionais foram baseadas na Escala Visual Analógica (VAS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) e questionário de saúde Short-form 12 (SF-12). A metatarsalgia de transferência foi diagnosticada pelo exame clínico. Os desfechos radiográficos, clínicos e funcionais foram comparados usando testes pareados de Wilcoxon e t de Student. A confiabilidade interobservador das medidas CRPM foi calculada usando coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (ICC). A correlação entre CRPM e os questionários clínicos e funcionais foi avaliada com o teste Rho de Spearman. Nos Resultados houve um encurtamento 1M significativo de 2,28 mm (p <0,001), com CRPM pré-operatória média de 3,06 mm e pós-operatório médio de 5,34 mm. Nenhum paciente evoluiu com metatarsalgia de transferência. O ICC das medidas da CRPM apresentou excelente confiabilidade. AIM e AMTF mostraram melhorias (p <0,001). Melhorias clínicas e funcionais foram observadas em todos os questionários aplicados. Na regressão linear, CRPM foi inversamente correlacionado com LEFS (p = <0,05), o que significa que os escores LEFS aumentaram conforme as medidas de CRPM diminuíram. Então, o presente estudo demonstrou que o encurtamento 1M levou a uma diminuição do LEFS após a PL. Palavras-chave: Hálux valgo. Lapidus. Encurtamento do metatarso. Resultados clínicos. Metatarsalgia de transferência.

Interdigital Commissural Approach for Morton's Neuroma.

BACKGROUND: Morton's neuroma is a frequent cause of metatarsalgia. Operative treatment is indicated if nonoperative management has failed. The objective of the present study was to describe a technique of Morton's neuroma excision by a minimally invasive commissural approach and evaluate the long-term outcome and complications. METHODS: A retrospective study of 108 patients with Morton's neuroma treated surgically with a commissural approach between September 1990 and December 2010 was performed. The surgical technique is described. Clinical outcomes and complications were evaluated. The average follow-up was 121 months. Eleven patients were men and 97 women. The average age was 49.4 years; 56.8% neuromas were at the third space and 43.2% at the second space. Six patients presented 2 neuromas in the same foot, and 9 patients had bilateral neuroma. RESULTS: The visual analog scale (VAS) average pain score was 5.4 points preoperatively and 0.2 points at the final follow-up. The author found a significant difference between the VAS scores preoperatively and postoperatively (P < .01). Excellent and good satisfaction outcomes were achieved in 93.6%. The postoperative complication incidence was 3%. CONCLUSION: The author believes a minimally invasive commissural approach has advantages over a dorsal or plantar incision. It is a simple and reproducible technique, with satisfactory outcomes, low complication rates, and a quick return to usual activities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, retrospective case series.

Weightbearing Forefoot Axial Radiography - Technical Description and Reproducibility Evaluation / Radiografia axial do antepé com carga - Descrição da técnica e avaliação da reprodutibilidade

Abstract Objective The present study aims to describe a new weightbearing radiographic method to visualize the heads of the five metatarsals on the coronal plane, evaluating their accuracy through intraclass correlation coefficients. Methods The subjects were evaluated, with weightbearing, with the ankle at 20 degrees of plantar flexion and the metatarsophalangeal joints at 10 degrees of extension, positioned on a wooden device. Two independent foot and ankle surgeons evaluated the radiography, with one of them doing it twice, at different moments, achieving an inter and intraobserver correlation, with intraclass correlation coefficients. Results We radiographed 63 feet, achieving an interobserver correlation coefficient of the radiographic method for the metatarsal heads heights in the coronal plane of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsals of, respectively, 0.90, 0.85, 0.86, 0.83, 0.89. The intraobserver correlation coefficient were, respectively, 0.95, 0.93, 0.93, 0.86, 0.92. Conclusion Those correlations demonstrate that the method is accurate and can be used to investigate metatarsal head misalignments in this plane.

Resumo Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever um novo método radiográfico com carga fisiológica para visualizar as cabeças dos cinco metatarsos no plano coronal. Métodos Os indivíduos foram radiograficamente avaliados com carga, com o tornozelo a 20º de flexão plantar e as articulações metatarsofalângicas a 10º de extensão, posicionadas em um dispositivo de madeira. As medidas foram aferidas por dois avaliadores independentes, sendo que um deles mediu em dois momentos distintos, obtendo a correlação inter e intraobservador, com o coeficiente de correlação intraclasses. Resultados Examinamos 63 pés, obtendo um coeficiente de correlação interobservador do método radiográfico para as alturas das cabeças dos metatarsos no plano coronal do 1º, 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º metatarsos de, respectivamente, 0,90, 0,85, 0,86, 0,83, 0,89. O coeficiente de correlação intraobservador foi, respectivamente, 0,95, 0,93, 0,93, 0,86, 0,92. Conclusão Essas correlações demonstram que o método é preciso e pode ser usado para investigar os desalinhamentos de cabeça dos metatarsos nesse plano.

Etiología y fisiopatología del Hallux Valgus / Etiology and phisiology of Hallux Valgus

El hallux valgus es uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes dentro de las patologías que afectan el pie, el 90% de los pacientes son mujeres. Se caracteriza por deformidad en varo de primer metatarsiano y valgo del primer dedo, dolor en la prominencia ósea medial y debajo de cabeza de los metatarsianos. Además, se puede acompañar de artejos menores en garra y metatarsalgia. El uso de calzado inadecuado, ya sea en punta y con tacón alto, así como el antecedente genético, se han descrito como las principales causas de esta patología. El tratamiento depende exclusivamente de la sintomatología y está encaminado inicialmente al uso de calzado amplio y cómodo, plantillas cuando hay metatarsalgia asociada. El tratamiento ortopédico puede mejorar el dolor más no la deformidad. Si este manejo no da resultado, se recurre al tratamiento quirúrgico. La cirugía tiene como objetivo realinear las estructuras óseas para corregir la deformidad mediante osteotomías y liberación de tejidos blandos, lo cual mejora el dolor y facilita el uso de calzado. Existen múltiples técnicas quirúrgicas descritas, que se escogen dependiendo de la severidad del hallux y de la experiencia del cirujano. Los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico son exitosos aproximadamente en el 85% de los casos. Como en todas las patologías hay riesgo complicaciones post operatorias y estas pueden ocurrir en el 15% de los pacientes; las más frecuentes son la recidiva de la deformidad e infecciones superficiales. El riesgo de recidiva aumenta en deformidades severas, pacientes con pie plano o inestabilidad de articulación cuneo metatarsiana.

The hallux valgus is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation within the pathologies that affect the foot, 90% of patients are women. It is characterized by varus deformity of the first metatarsal and valgus of the first toe, pain in the medial bony prominence and below the head of the metatarsals, in addition minor claw and metatarsalgia can be accompanied. The use of inappropriate shoes, narrow and high-heeled, as well as the genetic background have been described as the main causes of this pathology. The treatment depends exclusively on the symptomatology and is initially aimed at the use of wide and comfortable shoes, insoles when there is associated metatarsalgia. Orthopedic treatment can improve pain, not deformity. Surgical treatment is reserved for those patients who, despite performing adequate orthopedic treatment, do not improve. The aim of the surgical treatment is to realign the bony structures to correct the deformity by means of osteotomies and soft tissues release, this improves the pain and facilitates the use of footwear. There are multiple surgical techniques described, which are chosen depending on the severity of the hallux and the experience of the surgeon. The results of surgical treatment are successful in approximately 85% of cases. As in all pathologies there is a risk of post-operative complications, which may occur in 15% of patients; the most frequent are the recurrence of deformity and superficial infections.

Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with different metatarsalgia types and matched healthy controls: a cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Metatarsalgia can be considered to be a common complaint in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare quality of life (QoL) between participants with different metatarsalgia types and matched-paired healthy controls. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional analysis on a sample of 124 participants of median age ± interquartile range of 55 ± 22 years was carried out in the University Clinic of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Ferrol, Spain. They presented primary (n = 31), secondary (n = 31) or iatrogenic (n = 31) metatarsalgia, or were matched-paired healthy controls (n = 31). METHODS: Self-reported domain scores were obtained using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) and were compared between the participants with metatarsalgia and between these and the healthy controls. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were shown in all FHSQ domains (P ≤ 0.001). Post-hoc analyses showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the metatarsalgia types in relation to the matched healthy control group, such that the participants with metatarsalgia presented impaired foot-specific and general health-related QoL (lower FHSQ scores). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that presence of metatarsalgia had a negative impact on foot health-related QoL. Foot-specific health and general health were poorer among patients with metatarsalgia, especially among those with secondary and iatrogenic metatarsalgia, in comparison with matched healthy controls.

Comparison of health-related quality of life between patients with different metatarsalgia types and matched healthy controls: a cross-sectional analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Metatarsalgia can be considered to be a common complaint in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to compare quality of life (QoL) between participants with different metatarsalgia types and matched-paired healthy controls. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional analysis on a sample of 124 participants of median age ± interquartile range of 55 ± 22 years was carried out in the University Clinic of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, Ferrol, Spain. They presented primary (n = 31), secondary (n = 31) or iatrogenic (n = 31) metatarsalgia, or were matched-paired healthy controls (n = 31). METHODS: Self-reported domain scores were obtained using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) and were compared between the participants with metatarsalgia and between these and the healthy controls. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were shown in all FHSQ domains (P ≤ 0.001). Post-hoc analyses showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the metatarsalgia types in relation to the matched healthy control group, such that the participants with metatarsalgia presented impaired foot-specific and general health-related QoL (lower FHSQ scores). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that presence of metatarsalgia had a negative impact on foot health-related QoL. Foot-specific health and general health were poorer among patients with metatarsalgia, especially among those with secondary and iatrogenic metatarsalgia, in comparison with matched healthy controls.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the revised foot function index for the Portuguese language: FFI-R Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The revised foot function index (FFI-R) is used to evaluate the functionality of patients with conditions that affect the feet. The objective here was to produce the Brazilian Portuguese version of this index. DESIGN AND SETTING: Translation and validation study conducted at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation process involved translation by two independent translators, analysis by an expert committee, back translation into the original language, analysis by the expert committee again and a pretest. The Portuguese-language version was administered to 35 individuals with plantar fasciitis and metatarsalgia to determine their level of understanding of the assessment tool. RESULTS: Changes were made to the terms and expressions of some original items to achieve cultural equivalence. Terms not understood by more than 10% of the sample were altered based on the suggestions of the patients themselves. CONCLUSION: The translation and cultural adaptation of the FFI-R for the Portuguese language were completed and the Brazilian version was obtained.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the revised foot function index for the Portuguese language: FFI-R Brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The revised foot function index (FFI-R) is used to evaluate the functionality of patients with conditions that affect the feet. The objective here was to produce the Brazilian Portuguese version of this index. DESIGN AND SETTING: Translation and validation study conducted at the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation process involved translation by two independent translators, analysis by an expert committee, back translation into the original language, analysis by the expert committee again and a pretest. The Portuguese-language version was administered to 35 individuals with plantar fasciitis and metatarsalgia to determine their level of understanding of the assessment tool. RESULTS: Changes were made to the terms and expressions of some original items to achieve cultural equivalence. Terms not understood by more than 10% of the sample were altered based on the suggestions of the patients themselves. CONCLUSION: The translation and cultural adaptation of the FFI-R for the Portuguese language were completed and the Brazilian version was obtained.

[Short-term results of Weils osteotomy in patients with propulsive metatarsalgia]. / Resultados funcionales a corto plazo de la osteotomía de Weil en pacientes con metatarsalgia propulsiva.

INTRODUCTION: Metatarsalgia is the most common reason for consultation in orthopedic pathology of the foot. The key to its treatment lies in the correct determination of the symptoms, which are biological, morphological and mechanical alterations responsible for pain. Weil´s osteotomy is commonly used for multiple forefoot pathologies, including metatarsalgias. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included patients with first-line failure syndrome and associated mechanical metatarsalgia-producing deformities. The minimum follow-up was six months. All individuals were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire based on the AOFAS, a survey to know their degree of satisfaction about the surgery. RESULTS: Twelve female subjects with a mean age of 51 years were recruited between March and September of 2013. Seven right feet, five left. The AOFAS values improved only in six, in which an excellent result was obtained; five rated them as good and six as unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: In a very small series, postoperative complications were observed when the shortening of the metatarsal was greater than four millimeters, with the appearance of stiffness (floating finger).

INTRODUCCIÓN: La metatarsalgia es el motivo de consulta más frecuente en patología ortopédica del pie. La clave de su tratamiento radica en la correcta determinación del síntoma, que son alteraciones biológicas, morfológicas y mecánicas responsables del dolor. La osteotomía de Weil es comúnmente utilizada para múltiples patologías del antepié, incluyendo las metatarsalgias. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron pacientes intervenidos por síndrome de insuficiencia del primer rayo y deformidades asociadas productoras de metatarsalgia mecánica. El seguimiento mínimo fue de seis meses. Se entrevistó a todos los individuos con un cuestionario estandarizado basado en la AOFAS, una encuesta para saber su grado de satisfacción acerca de la cirugía. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 12 sujetos femeninos con un promedio de 51 años de edad en el período entre Marzo y Septiembre de 2013. Siete pies derechos, cinco izquierdos. Los valores de AOFAS mejoraron sólo en seis, se obtuvo un resultado excelente; cinco los calificaron como buenos y seis como no satisfactorio. CONCLUSIONES: En una serie muy pequeña, se identificaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas cuando el acortamiento del metatarsiano es mayor a cuatro milímetros, con la aparición de rigidez (dedo flotante).

Second and Third Metatarsophalangeal Plantar Plate Tears: Diagnostic Performance of Direct and Indirect MRI Features Using Surgical Findings as the Reference Standard.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the diagnostic performance and associations of the direct and indirect MRI features of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint that are thought to be related to tears of the plantar plate (PP) using surgical findings as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively included 23 patients with symptomatic instability of lesser MTP joints who had undergone preoperative 1.5-T MRI and surgical assessment. The MRI examinations were independently assessed by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Using the surgical data as the reference standard, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each MRI feature in the detection of PP tears. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which MRI features were independently associated with PP tears. Interobserver reliability was assessed using kappa statistics. RESULTS: Forty-five lesser MTP joints were included. The presence of pericapsular fibrosis was highly sensitive (91.2%), specific (90.9%), and accurate (91.1%) for the diagnosis of PP tears. With a cutoff value of 0.275 cm, the PP-proximal phalanx distance had a sensitivity of 64.7%, specificity of 90.9%, and accuracy of 71.1% in diagnosing PP tears. CONCLUSION: In patients with clinical features indicating lesser MTP joint instability, some direct and indirect MRI features exhibited good to excellent diagnostic performance in detecting the presence of PP tears.

Resultados funcionales a corto plazo de la osteotomía de Weil en pacientes con metatarsalgia propulsiva / Short-term results of Weil's osteotomy in patients with propulsive metatarsalgia

Resumen: Introducción: La metatarsalgia es el motivo de consulta más frecuente en patología ortopédica del pie. La clave de su tratamiento radica en la correcta determinación del síntoma, que son alteraciones biológicas, morfológicas y mecánicas responsables del dolor. La osteotomía de Weil es comúnmente utilizada para múltiples patologías del antepié, incluyendo las metatarsalgias. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron pacientes intervenidos por síndrome de insuficiencia del primer rayo y deformidades asociadas productoras de metatarsalgia mecánica. El seguimiento mínimo fue de seis meses. Se entrevistó a todos los individuos con un cuestionario estandarizado basado en la AOFAS, una encuesta para saber su grado de satisfacción acerca de la cirugía. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 12 sujetos femeninos con un promedio de 51 años de edad en el período entre Marzo y Septiembre de 2013. Siete pies derechos, cinco izquierdos. Los valores de AOFAS mejoraron sólo en seis, se obtuvo un resultado excelente; cinco los calificaron como buenos y seis como no satisfactorio. Conclusiones: En una serie muy pequeña, se identificaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas cuando el acortamiento del metatarsiano es mayor a cuatro milímetros, con la aparición de rigidez (dedo flotante).

Abstract: Introduction: Metatarsalgia is the most common reason for consultation in orthopedic pathology of the foot. The key to its treatment lies in the correct determination of the symptoms, which are biological, morphological and mechanical alterations responsible for pain. Weil´s osteotomy is commonly used for multiple forefoot pathologies, including metatarsalgias. Material and methods: We included patients with first-line failure syndrome and associated mechanical metatarsalgia-producing deformities. The minimum follow-up was six months. All individuals were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire based on the AOFAS, a survey to know their degree of satisfaction about the surgery. Results: Twelve female subjects with a mean age of 51 years were recruited between March and September of 2013. Seven right feet, five left. The AOFAS values ​​improved only in six, in which an excellent result was obtained; five rated them as good and six as unsatisfactory. Conclusions: In a very small series, postoperative complications were observed when the shortening of the metatarsal was greater than four millimeters, with the appearance of stiffness (floating finger).