Intoxicación ocupacional por metales pesados / Occupational poisoning due to heavy metals

Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva con vistas a demostrar la relación existente entre ciertas profesiones y las intoxicaciones por metales pesados. A tales efectos, en el presente artículo se describen las fuentes de emisión y las aplicaciones de dichos metales, así como las afecciones que provocan a la salud. Se constató que las intoxicaciones diagnosticadas en trabajadores de la provincia, en el período 2000-2016, estuvieron asociadas a diferentes empleos, tales como reparación de baterías, plomería, soldadura y odontología. A partir de lo anterior se exponen algunas recomendaciones a considerar en los campos salud ocupacional-metales pesados

An exhaustive literature review aimed at demonstrating the existent relationship between certain professions and poisonings due to heavy metals was carried out. To such effects, the emission sources and uses of these metals are described in this work, as well as the disorders that cause to health. It was verified that the poisonings diagnosed in workers of the province, during 2000-2016, were associated with different jobs, such as batteries repair, plumbing, welding and dentistry. From the above-mentioned, some recommendations to consider everything regarding occupational health-heavy metals are exposed

Chelation therapies: a chemical and biochemical perspective.

Chelation therapy occupies a central place in modern medicine and pharmacology, because continuous studies with laboratory animals and extensive clinical experience demonstrate that acute or chronic intoxications with a variety of metals can be considerable improved by administration of a suitable chelating agent. In this review the chemical characteristics, properties and uses of the most common chelating agents as well as those of some new and very promising agents of this type, are discussed. In the second part of the review the biological and biochemical impact of these agents, as well as their use for the treatment of some selected diseases and disorders, are also analyzed and discussed in detail.

Niveles de plomo en sangre y factores ambientales asociados, en una poblacion infantil venezolana

Se evaluo la contribucion de factores ambientales a la concentracion de plomo en sangre en niños de edad escolar del sector Michelena en Valencia, Venezuela. Participaron 60 niños (4-9 anos). Se determinaron niveles de plomo en sangre de los niños, niveles de plomo en agua de grifo y polvo de piso de sus casas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que el 76,2 por ciento de las casas muestreadas presentaron niveles de plomo en agua en grifo significativamente superiores a los límites recomendados por la legislacion venezolana (35±25,5 µg/L), y otros organismos internacionales. Además, se observó que el 66,7 por ciento de los niños evaluados, presentaron concentraciones de plomo en sangre superiores (10,5±3,0 µg/dL) a lo establecido por el Centro de control y prevención de enfermedades de Estados Unidos. En relacion al polvo, el estudio no demostro una correlacion entre los niveles de plomo en sangre de los niños y el contenido del plomo en polvo de piso de sus hogares (r=0,101; P=0,445). Los resultados de este estudio son relevantes, a fin de tomar medidas preventivas para el cuidado de la salud. Se sugieren estudios posteriores para determinar de forma más concluyente los principales predictores de niveles elevados de plomo en sangre en la población investigada

O diálogo entre a saúde pública e a medicina ortomolecular: um estudo de caso da contaminaçäo por metais pesados, na perspectiva humana, através do mineralograma capilar / The dialogue between public health and orthomolecular medicine: a case study of contamination by heavy metals in human subjects using hair analysis

Introduçäo: A degradaçäo ambiental assume proporçöes planetárias. Os metais tóxicos podem ser um grave problema de saúde pública e tem repercussäo de magnitude variável na saúde individual. As áreas que têm contribuído com a pesquisa e revoluçäo conceitual säo a genética e as teses da terapia biomolecular. Os dados epidemiológicos sobre intoxicaçäo no Brasil säo escassos. A importância da bioacumulaçäo e do aparecimento dos efeitos, geralmente a longo prazo, deve ser evidenciada. Material e Métodos: Numa amostra de populaçäo saudável, envolvendo 71 indivíduos, no município de Säo Paulo, foi coletado o mineralograma capilar. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado para correlacionar o estresse, hábitos alimentares e de vida com as possíveis alteraçöes bioquímicas encontradas. Foram utilizadas técnicas de análise multivariada, com a criaçäo de indicadores. Resultado e Conclusäo: Um número grande de contaminaçäo por metais, 84,5 por cento da amostra, foi obtido. Os mais freqüentes säo Mercúrio, Alumínio, Prata, chumbo, Níquel, Estanho, inclusive com contaminaçöes múltiplas. Näo se obteve correlaçäo estatisticamente significante entre os metais e os hábitos pesquisados, provavelmente pelo tamanho da amostra e também por esta näo ser seguida ao longo do tempo. Os efeitos pesquisados ocorrem por bioacumulaçäo e a longo prazo

Organochlorine, organobromine, metal, and selenium residues in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) collected during an unusual mortality event in the Gulf of Mexico, 1990.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), cis-chlordane, oxychlordane, heptachlor epoxide, mirex, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), lindane, octachlorostyrene (OCS), p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDT, dieldrin, triphenylphosphate (TPP), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PB-DPEs) were measured in the blubber, and five metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and manganese) and selenium were measured in the liver of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) obtained from the Gulf of Mexico during an unusual mortality event in 1990. The collection of animals included fetuses, sucklings (< 1 year old), immature dolphins (2-5 years old), and adults of both sexes. PCBs, p,p'-DDE, HCB, and PBDPEs were detected in the blubber of each animal. Mean concentrations of organic contaminants were generally highest in adult males. p,p'-DDE was the single component analyte measured at the highest concentration. Immature females had greater concentrations of most chlorinated organics than adult females. Mercury and cadmium concentrations in liver increased with increasing age-class. The correlation between mercury and selenium in all animals was r = 0.96, with a mole ratio of 0.90. Concentrations of lead, manganese, cadmium, and chromium did not follow any particular age-class trend.

[Complex-forming drugs used in metal poisoning]. / Komplexotvorné látky pouzívané pri otravách kovmi.

The term poisoning (intoxication) means a health damage due to the effects of a chemical substance which was absorbed into the organism and which produced biochemical changes or even death of the organism. Many metals at higher concentrations induce an undesirable intervention into the enzymic systems though in trace amounts they catalyze many enzymic reactions. Chemicalization, which affects not only industrial and agricultural production but the household, personal hygiene and cosmetics as well, brings new chemical compounds which can increase risks of intoxication on unsuitable use. The living and working environment increases the danger of intoxication with metals or their compounds. The present paper pays attention to complexion-able compounds which are of fundamental importance in the treatment of intoxications with heavy metals.