Alkaline lignins from Morinda citrifolia leaves are potential immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial agents.

Morinda citrifolia, commonly known as noni, is a plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family. This plant has a high biological potential, which has different biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor and anti-inflammatory. In this work, the immunomodulatory, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of lignin isolated from Morinda citrifolia leaves were investigated. The results showed that this lignin was not cytotoxic and that it was able to promote activation and differentiation of immune cells in addition to inducing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it was able to inhibit the growth of different tumor and microbial cells in vitro. This pioneering study on these different activities shows that the lignin isolated in this study can be used as a raw material to obtain biomedical and pharmaceutical products.

Potential of pharmaceutical formulation based on Morinda citrifolia extract for the treatment of schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that can be asymptomatic, but it can progress and cause serious damage, such as hospitalization and death. This work aimed to characterize and carry out the in vivo pharmacological test of the dry extract of Morinda citrifolia and obtain a pharmaceutical dosage form based on this extract for the treatment of schistosomiasis. The aqueous extract was characterized based on the evaluation of pH, dry residue and density. The aqueous extract was dried through the freeze-drying process. The obtained dry extract was characterized through phytochemical screening, rheological analysis, acute toxicity and in vivo pharmacology. Additionally, the pre-formulation development of a pharmaceutical dosage form was pursued with the dry extract. Through the HPLC chromatogram, characteristic rutin peaks were identified. The rheological behavior of the dry extract did not show good characteristics. Acute toxicity, at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, showed excitatory activity in the central and autonomous nervous system. The in vivo pharmacological test of the dry extract showed that, at a dose of 400 mg/kg, it was possible to reduce 67.5% of the total adult worms, 66% of female worms and 60% of the number of eggs. The pharmaceutical dosage form obtained was an oral solution that was clear, transparent, without the presence of lumps and precipitates, having a density of 1.1276 g mL-1 and pH of 5.92. The results obtained will provide parameters for the production of suitable pharmaceutical formulations, as well as for the quality control of products based on M. citrifolia, with promising schistosomicidal activity.

Toxicological effects of the Morinda citrifolia L. fruit extract on maternal reproduction and fetal development in rats.

Morinda citrifolia L., also known as Noni, is widely used plant in folk medicine for various therapeutic purposes. However, reports on its effects during pregnancy are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the M. citrifolia fruit extract on maternal performance and fetal development during pregnancy in rats. Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 12/group) were treated from gestational days (GD) 0-21 with water (control group) or the aqueous extract of M. citrifolia fruit at doses of 200, 400, or 750 mg/kg, orally. During pregnancy, clinical signs of toxicity, maternal weight, feed intake, and water consumption were noted. On GD 21, the rats were anesthetized and blood was collected to evaluate various biochemical parameters. During laparotomy, reproductive performance parameters were recorded, and fetuses were weighed and the anomalies analyzed. Reduced placental efficiency and fetal growth restriction were observed in the group treated with 400 mg/kg of M. citrifolia extract. The highest dose (750 mg/kg) augmented aspartate aminotransferase concentration and preimplantation losses, while reducing the number of live fetuses. Furthermore, both doses (400 and 750 mg/kg) of the plant extract caused fetal anomalies. In conclusion, consumption of high doses of the M. citrifolia aqueous extrac during pregnancy leads to maternal hepatotoxicity, anti-implantation effects, intrauterine growth restriction and fetal abnormalities, indicating that the plant fruit extract can be harmful to both the mother and the fetus.

Potential Action Mechanism and Inhibition Efficacy of Morinda citrifolia Essential Oil and Octanoic Acid against Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum Infestations.

The use of plant-based products has been shown to efficiently inhibit fungi-mediated diseases in agricultural crops. Here, we extracted and evaluated the composition of noni, Morinda citrifolia L., essential oil and assessed its activities against Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum in Cucumis melo L. Using in silico molecular approaches, potential interactions between the essential oil major components and S. cucurbitacearum tyrosine-tRNA ligase were predicted. Finally, we also measured the potential interference of plant physiology (the stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis) mediated by the application of the M. citrifolia essential oil. Chromatographic analysis revealed that octanoic acid (75.8%), hexanoic acid (12.8%), and isobutyl pent-4-enyl carbonate (3.1%) were the major essential oil compounds. Octanoic acid and noni essential oil, when used as preventive measures, reduce fungal mycelial growth at a concentration of 5 mg/mL without causing significant damage to the treated leaves, which reinforces their efficacies as preventive tools against S. cucurbitacearum. Molecular docking analyses predicted very stable interactions between the major essential oil constituents and S. cucurbitacearum tyrosine-tRNA ligase, suggesting the interference of these plant-based molecules upon enzyme activation. Octanoic acid and M. citrifolia essential oil at concentrations of 20 mg/mL decreased the stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis rate of melon plants, resulting in robust phytotoxicity. Collectively, our findings indicated that despite the phytotoxicity risks at higher concentrations, M. citrifolia essential oil and octanoic acid, have potential as alternative tools for the integrative management of S. cucurbitacearum.

In vitro antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia (noni) extract against Candida albicans.

INTRODUCTION: Candida albicans is the main agent of the most common fungal infection, Candidiasis. It is an opportunistic and dangerous pathogen, especially in immunosuppressed patients. The biological properties of Morinda citrifolia (noni) make it a potent antifungal. In this study, antifungal effect of M. citrifolia was evaluated to verify its effect on human cells. METHODOLOGY: Extract of M. citrifolia was used against strains of C. albicans (cEC 1291). Glucose consumption in C. albicans biofilm was determined at different concentrations of M. citrifolia, and germ tube formation was evaluated in the presence and absence of M. citrifolia. Fungicidal activity was determined by the kinetics of fungal cell death. THP-1 and HeLa cells were used for cell viability and apoptosis, and cell proliferation assays, respectively. RESULTS: Cells treated with M. citrifolia maintained higher concentration of glucose than the control group (p < 0.05). Germ tube formation was inhibited in cells treated with M. citrifolia (p < 0.05). M. citrifolia exerted a cytotoxic effect on C. albicans cells with 99.99% lethality after 6.82 h (1:1 and 1:2), and reduced the viability of THP-1 cells by 25% and 67% after 12 and 36 h, respectively. Annexin V expression in THP-1 increased in groups that received higher concentrations of M. citrifolia (p < 0.05), reducing the proliferation of THP-1 and HeLa cells (2.8-fold). A greater cytotoxic effect was observed in fungal cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that M. citrifolia exerts biological activity against C. albicans and reduces the viability and proliferation of human cells.

Therapeutic effects of a lipid transfer protein isolated from Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) seeds on irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis in mice.

This work aimed to evaluate the activity of a lipid transfer protein isolated from Morinda citrifolia L. seeds, McLTP1, on the development of intestinal mucositis following irinotecan administration. McLTP1 (0.5, 2, and 8 mg/kg, i.v.) was injected into mice 1h before irinotecan administration (75 mg/kg, i.p.; 4 days), and then for additional 6 days. Seven days after the first dose of irinotecan, diarrhea was assessed, and the intestine was removed for histological evaluation, assessment of intestinal over-contractility, measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO), proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine (IL-1, IL-6, and KC levels - a murine homolog of human IL-8 chemokine), analysis of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. At the two highest doses, McLTP1 administration decreased mortality and diarrhea. McLTP1 (8 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly prevented irinotecan-induced intestinal damage and led to a reduction in over-contractility of the intestinal muscle (p < 0.05). Moreover, McLTP1 decreased the MPO, IL-1ß, IL-6, and KC levels by 74.7%, 42%, 92.9%, and 95.9%, respectively. Also, the expression of COX-2, NF-κB, and iNOS was reduced. Our study provides a potential new therapeutic for preventing irinotecan-induced mucositis, improved clinical parameters, and reduced inflammation.

Studies related to the chemical composition, biological activities and toxicity of methanolic extracts of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruits and leaves.

Morinda citrifolia is a plant that grows in Brazilian northeast and presented a wide range of therapeutic, industrial and technological applications. Based on this, the aim of this work was to study the chemical composition, main biological activities and potential toxicity of its extracts, aiming their industrial application. Important compounds were identified in the methanolic extracts obtained by ultrasonic and Soxhlet extractions from leaves and fruits. GC × GC allowed for the identification of phytosterols, fatty acids and methyl esters, besides others (scopoletin, hydrocarbons, alcohols, terpenes). By HPLC-DAD, compounds like catechin, rutin, quercetin could be also identified and quantified. Their content of polyphenols and flavonoids was considered between the international standards. The extracts showed high antioxidant activities (EC50 ∼ 300 µg mL-1, using DPPH assay) compared with those from the literature. The extracts did not show toxicity or mutagenicity, but presented cytotoxicity, which can indicate their use safely in phytotherapic or nutritional applications.

In vivo antimalarial activity of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems containing ethanolic extract of Morinda lucida in combination with other Congolese plants extracts

Abstract Morinda lucida leaves are largely used by Congolese traditional healers for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. The antimalarial activity of their ethanolic extract has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. However, the development of relevant formulations for potential clinical application is hampered since the active ingredients contained in this extract exhibit poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. Hence, this work aims not only to develop self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs) for oral delivery of the ethanolic extract of Morinda lucida (ML) but also to evaluate its oral antimalarial activity alone and in combination with other Congolese ethanolic plant extracts (Alstonia congensis, Garcinia kola, Lantana camara, Morinda morindoides or Newbouldia laevis). Based on the solubility of these different extracts in various excipients, SNEDDS preconcentrates were prepared, and 200 mg/g of each plant extract were suspended in these formulations. The 4-day suppressive Peter's test revealed a significant parasite growth inhibiting effect for all the extract-based SNEDDS (from 55.0 to 82.4 %) at 200 mg/kg. These activities were higher than those of their corresponding ethanolic suspensions given orally at the same dose (p<0.05). The combination therapy of MLSNEDDS with other extract-based SNEDDS exhibited remarkable chemosuppression, ranging from 74.3 % to 95.8 % (for 100 + 100 mg/kg) and 86.7 % to 95.5 % (for 200 + 200 mg/kg/day). In regard to these findings, SNEDDS suspension may constitute a promising approach for oral delivery of ML alone or in combination with other antimalarial plants.

Lignin from Morinda citrifolia leaves: Physical and chemical characterization, in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiparasitic and ultrastructural activities.

In this work, we investigated in vitro the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial activities of a lignin extracted from the leaves of Morinda citrifolia. Initially, an analysis of the composition of the sheets was performed, then the lignin was obtained by alkaline delignification and characterized by different techniques: elemental analysis, FT-R, UV-vis, HSQC-NMR, thermal analysis, Py-GC/MS and by GPC. The results showed that the leaves had in their composition cellulose (31.29%), hemicellulose (25.01%), lignin (18.34%), extractives (14.39%) and ash (10.03%). The lignin extraction yield was 89.8%. The lignin obtained is of the GSH type with the following contents 79.39%, 13.58% and 7.03% respectively. Furthermore, it is low molecular weight and thermally stable. It had a phenolic content of 93.3 mg GAE/g and low antioxidant activity. In macrophage cytotoxicity assays, it presented a CC50 of 31.0 µg/mL, showing less toxicity than amphotericin B. In assays against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, lignin presented an IC50 of 29.56 µg/mL, a less effective concentration than amphotericin B (IC50 = 0.14 µg/mL). However, it was able to promote inhibition of the parasites, a fact confirmed by structural changes. These findings reinforce that M. citrifolia lignin is a promising macromolecule for use as an antiparasitic and antioxidant agent.

Efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharide capsules for depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharide (MOO) capsules for depressive disorder. Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched for relevant studies from inception to April 19, 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing MOO capsules with antidepressants were included. Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the quality of the studies was evaluated by two researchers using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) software. Results: Seven studies involving 1,384 participants were included in this study. The effect of MOO capsules for moderate depressive disorder was not different from that of antidepressants (risk ratio [RR] = 0.99, 95%CI 0.92-1.06). Regarding adverse events, no significant difference was found between MOO capsules and antidepressants (RR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.65-1.07). In addition, the quality of evidence related to these adverse events was rated as low. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that the efficacy of MOO capsules in the treatment of mild to moderate depression is not inferior to that of conventional antidepressants, which may provide a new direction for clinical alternative selection of antidepressants. However, more high-quality research and detailed assessments are needed.

Efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharide capsules for depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharide (MOO) capsules for depressive disorder. METHODS: Eight electronic databases were searched for relevant studies from inception to April 19, 2020. Randomized controlled trials comparing MOO capsules with antidepressants were included. Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and the quality of the studies was evaluated by two researchers using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) software. RESULTS: Seven studies involving 1,384 participants were included in this study. The effect of MOO capsules for moderate depressive disorder was not different from that of antidepressants (risk ratio [RR] = 0.99, 95%CI 0.92-1.06). Regarding adverse events, no significant difference was found between MOO capsules and antidepressants (RR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.65-1.07). In addition, the quality of evidence related to these adverse events was rated as low. CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that the efficacy of MOO capsules in the treatment of mild to moderate depression is not inferior to that of conventional antidepressants, which may provide a new direction for clinical alternative selection of antidepressants. However, more high-quality research and detailed assessments are needed.

Nutrition and bioactive potential of the noni fruit cultivated from the Mato Grosso State / Potencial nutricional e bioativo do noni cultivado no estado de Mato Grosso

The objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of noni (Morinda citrifolia) grown in the Mato Grosso State. Ripe fruits from a field located in Cuiabá-MT, had the peel, pulp and seeds separated and subjected to different evaluations. The fruit parts were characterized physically and chemically. Determinations of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolics and the total antioxidant activity of the fruit mesocarp (pulp) were made. Noni cultivated in the Mato Grosso State presents high levels of potassium, calcium and sodium, with predominance of potassium. The protein content was higher in the seed, and the ash, in the peel, respectively. Noni pulp showed high levels of vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolics and can be considered a potential antioxidant.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas e químicas do noni (Morinda citrifolia) cultivado no estado de Mato Grosso. Frutos maduros provenientes de um plantio localizado na cidade de Cuiabá, MT, tiveram a casca, polpa e as sementes separadas e submetidas a diferentes avaliações. As partes das frutas foram caracterizadas física e quimicamente. Foram feitas determinações de vitamina C, de carotenoides, de fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante total do mesocarpo (polpa) do fruto. O noni cultivado no Mato Grosso apresenta altos níveis de potássio, cálcio e sódio, com predominância de potássio. O teor de proteína foi maior na semente e, de cinzas, na casca, respectivamente. A polpa de noni apresentou altos níveis de vitamina C, carotenoides e fenólicos e pode ser considerado um potencial antioxidante.(AU)

Therapeutic Effects of Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni) Aqueous Fruit Extract on the Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat/High-Fructose-Fed Swiss Mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of Morinda citrifolia fruit aqueous extract (AE) in high-fat/high-fructose-fed Swiss mice. The food intake, body weight, serum biochemical, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as histological analyses of the liver, pancreatic, and epididymal adipose tissue, were used to determine the biochemical and histological parameters. The chemical profile of the extract was determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-DAD-MS), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the gene expressions involved in the lipid and glucose metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferative-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), -α (PPAR-α), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), and fetuin-A. Seventeen compounds were tentatively identified, including iridoids, noniosides, and the flavonoid rutin. The higher dose of AE (AE 500 mg/kg) was demonstrated to improve the glucose tolerance; however, both doses did not have effects on the other metabolic and histological parameters. AE at 500 mg/kg downregulated the PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, and fetuin-A mRNA in the liver and upregulated the PPAR-α mRNA in white adipose tissue, suggesting that the hypoglycemic effects could be associated with the expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis.

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit as a new source of milk-clotting cysteine proteases.

This work reports the characterisation of caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities of proteases extracted from ripe fruits of Morinda citrifolia L., as a potential of their use in cheese production. Noni puree extract (NPE) was obtained by homogenising the fresh puree in 150 mM NaCl/50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The resulting protein concentration was of 0.367 ±â€¯0.006 mg/mL, and an electrophoretic profile of the extract revealed protein bands ranging from 14 to 55 kDa. The proteolytic activity of NPE was higher when the extract had been previously incubated at pH 6.0 (8.859 ±â€¯0.216 U/mg), whereas the optimum caseinolytic activity was observed at 50 °C. Noni puree proteases were strongly (98%) inhibited by iodoacetamide and E-64, suggesting the presence of only cysteine proteases in the crude extract. NPE proteases showed a milk-clotting activity (MCA) of 238.80 ±â€¯5.29 U/mL, a specific milk-clotting activity (SMCA) of 9950.17 ±â€¯220.74 U/mg, and an SMCA/PA ratio of 1124.31 ±â€¯24.94, this last being comparable to those of commercial calf rennet. The cheese manufactured using NPE presented brittle and soft texture, high humidity, and showed sanitary conditions compatible with current Brazilian regulations. The product showed a slightly bitter taste, but still good acceptability, rating between 6 and 7 in the hedonic scale for flavour, texture, and overall acceptance. Lastly, there was 60% of positive purchase intent, demonstrating that noni fruit is a promising source of milk-clotting enzymes for the dairy industry.

Polysaccharides derived from Morinda citrifolia Linn reduce inflammatory markers during experimental colitis.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: There are many reports of pharmacological activities of extracts and fractions of different vegetable-derived products in the scientific literature and in folk medicine. Ethnopharmacological use of these products by various communities continues to be extensively explored, and they account for more than half of all medications used worldwide. Polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from plants such as Morinda Citrifolia Linn present therapeutic potential in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC). AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of Noni-PLS against the intestinal damage in UC induced by acetic acid in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In acetic acid-induced colitis, the mice were treated intraperitoneally (ip) with Noni-PLS (0.1, 0.3, and 3.0 mg/kg) or subcutaneously (sc) with dexamethasone (2.0 mg/kg) 30 min before euthanasia to determine the best dose of Noni-PLS with an anti-inflammatory effect in the course of UC. The colonic tissue samples were collected for macroscopic, wet weight, microscopic and biochemical (myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrate/nitrite (NO3/NO2), cytokines, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS)) analyses. RESULTS: Treatment with Noni-PLS reduced the intestinal damage induced by acetic acid as it reduced macroscopic and microscopic scores and the wet weight of the colon. In addition, MPO activity and levels of GSH, MDA, NO3/NO2, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and COX-2 expression reduced. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that Noni-PLS exhibits anti-inflammatory action against intestinal damage by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory action of cytokines, COX-2 and iNOS expression in the inflamed colon. Noni-PLS shows therapeutic potential against inflammatory disorders like UC.

Análise sensorial do iogurte de leite de cabra elaborado com geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda cintrifola L) / Sensory analysis of yoghurt of goat milk prepared with pineapple (Ananas comosus) and noni (Morinda cintrifola L) jellies

Objetivou-se elaborar e avaliar a qualidade sensorial do iogurte de leite de cabra com adição de diferentes concentrações das geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda citrifolia L.). Foram elaborados cinco tratamentos de iogurte de leite de cabra com diferentes concentrações das geleias de abacaxi e noni (0, 0,5, 1,25, 2,5 e 5%) e em seguida 20 provadores treinados realizaram testes sensoriais, como: Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ), teste de intenção de compra e aceitação. Todos os atributos sensoriais apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05) pelo teste Tukey na ADQ, e no teste Nemenyi para aceitação e intenção de compra. As amostras com maiores concentrações das geleias de abacaxi e noni, conseguiram mascarar o odor e sabor do leite de cabra, obtendo uma boa aceitação e intenção de compra pelos provadores.(AU)

Avaliação físico-química do iogurte de leite de cabra com adição das geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda cintrifola L. ) / Physical-chemical evaluation of yoghurt of goat milk with addition of pineapple (Ananas comusus) and noni (Morinda cintrifola L. ) jellies

Objetivou-se elaborar iogurte de leite de cabra com adição das geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) e avaliar a composição físico-química do produto. Foram preparados cinco tratamentos do iogurte de leite de cabra, adicionados com diferentes concentrações das geleias de abacaxi e noni (0, 0,5, 1,25, 2,5 e 5%) e analisados em triplicata as composições físico-química quanto: acidez titulavel, gordura, pH, cinzas, umidade e lactose. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística de variância (ANOVA) seguido do teste de Tukey a nível de 5% para comparação das médias. Apenas a amostra com 5% das geleias de abacaxi e noni apresentou diferença estatística (p<0,05) na variável gordura, porém assim como os demais parâmetros estavam dentro das normas da legislação estabelecida.(AU)

Elaboração e análise microbiológica do iogurte de leite de cabra saborizado com as geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda citrifolia L) / Elaboration and microbiological analysis of yoghurt of goat milk with food of pineapple jellies (Ananas comosus) and noni (Morinda citrifolia L)

A elaboração de produtos lácteos fermentados merece atenção redobrada pelos fabricantes, pois os produtos que não estiverem de acordo com os padrões de legislação estabelecidos podem gerar sérios problemas a saúde do consumidor. Objetivou-se elaborar iogurte de leite de cabra saborizado com diferentes concentrações das geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) (0, 0,5, 1,25, 2,5 e 5%) e avaliar as qualidades microbiológicas do produto final. Foram fabricados cinco tratamentos de iogurte e em seguida realizado as análises para: Coliformes a 45°C, Salmonellassp., Contagem de mesófilos, psicrotróficos e estafilococos coagulase positiva. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que todas as elaborações encontravam-se de acordo com o padrão microbiológico estabelecido, mostrando que os produtos estavam aptos para consumo.(AU)

Avaliação físico-química do iogurte de leite de cabra com adição das geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda cintrifola L. ) / Physical-chemical evaluation of yoghurt of goat milk with addition of pineapple (Ananas comusus) and noni (Morinda cintrifola L. ) jellies

Objetivou-se elaborar iogurte de leite de cabra com adição das geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) e avaliar a composição físico-química do produto. Foram preparados cinco tratamentos do iogurte de leite de cabra, adicionados com diferentes concentrações das geleias de abacaxi e noni (0, 0,5, 1,25, 2,5 e 5%) e analisados em triplicata as composições físico-química quanto: acidez titulavel, gordura, pH, cinzas, umidade e lactose. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística de variância (ANOVA) seguido do teste de Tukey a nível de 5% para comparação das médias. Apenas a amostra com 5% das geleias de abacaxi e noni apresentou diferença estatística (p<0,05) na variável gordura, porém assim como os demais parâmetros estavam dentro das normas da legislação estabelecida.

Elaboração e análise microbiológica do iogurte de leite de cabra saborizado com as geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda citrifolia L) / Elaboration and microbiological analysis of yoghurt of goat milk with food of pineapple jellies (Ananas comosus) and noni (Morinda citrifolia L)

A elaboração de produtos lácteos fermentados merece atenção redobrada pelos fabricantes, pois os produtos que não estiverem de acordo com os padrões de legislação estabelecidos podem gerar sérios problemas a saúde do consumidor. Objetivou-se elaborar iogurte de leite de cabra saborizado com diferentes concentrações das geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) (0, 0,5, 1,25, 2,5 e 5%) e avaliar as qualidades microbiológicas do produto final. Foram fabricados cinco tratamentos de iogurte e em seguida realizado as análises para: Coliformes a 45°C, Salmonellassp., Contagem de mesófilos, psicrotróficos e estafilococos coagulase positiva. Os resultados apresentados mostraram que todas as elaborações encontravam-se de acordo com o padrão microbiológico estabelecido, mostrando que os produtos estavam aptos para consumo.