Spectrum of SPTLC1-related disorders: a novel case of 'Ser331 syndrome' that expand the phenotype of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1A and motor neuron diseases.

We report a patient with early-onset hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1A (HSAN-1A) who developed a distinct phenotype, with tongue fasciculation and atrophy, due to a mutation at serine 331 in the SPTLC1 gene. HSAN-1A manifestation causing tongue fasciculation and atrophy have been rarely found. Our report adds to the growing evidence of the existence of an overlap between hereditary neuropathy and motor neuron disease caused by pathogenic p.S331Y variant in SPTLC1 gene.

Insensibilidad congénita al dolor con anhidrosis. Diagnóstico clínico, evolución y complicaciones: reporte de un caso / Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Clinical diagnosis, evolution and complications: case report

La insensibilidad congénita al dolor con anhidrosis es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva infrecuente, que se produce por mutaciones en el gen NTRK1 (neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 1), localizado en el cromosoma 1q21-22, que codifica el dominio tirosinasa del receptor de alta afinidad del factor de crecimiento nervioso. Se caracteriza por anhidrosis, insensibilidad a los estímulos dolorosos y retraso mental. Dada su baja prevalencia y los pocos casos reportados, es importante conocer sus principales características para considerarlo entre los diagnósticos diferenciales en la práctica pediátrica. Realizamos la descripción del diagnóstico clínico, complicaciones, secuelas y tratamiento sintomático administrado en una niña de 3 años y 6 meses en el Hospital Asdrúbal de la Torre, Cotacachi, Ecuador.

The congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in NTRK1 gene (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1) located in chromosome 1q21-22, encoding the tyrosinase domain receptor high affinity nerve growth factor. It is characterized by anhidrosis, insensitivity to painful stimuli and mental retardation. Given their low prevalence and the few reported cases, it is important to know its main features to be considered in the differential diagnosis in pediatric practice. We describe the clinical diagnosis, complications, sequelae and symptomatic treatment administered to a 3 years and 6 months old girl in the Hospital Asdrubal de la Torre, Cotacachi, Ecuador.

[Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Clinical diagnosis, evolution and complications: case report]. / Insensibilidad congénita al dolor con anhidrosis. Diagnóstico clínico, evolución y complicaciones: reporte de un caso.

The congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in NTRK1 gene (neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1) located in chromosome 1q21-22, encoding the tyrosinase domain receptor high affinity nerve growth factor. It is characterized by anhidrosis, insensitivity to painful stimuli and mental retardation. Given their low prevalence and the few reported cases, it is important to know its main features to be considered in the differential diagnosis in pediatric practice. We describe the clinical diagnosis, complications, sequelae and symptomatic treatment administered to a 3 years and 6 months old girl in the Hospital Asdrubal de la Torre, Cotacachi, Ecuador.

Neuropatía autonómica sensorial hereditaria / Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy

La insensibilidad congénita al dolor es una patología infantil poco frecuente. Existen cinco diferentes tipos de neuropatía sensorial y autonómica descritas hasta la fecha, cada una de ellas con hallazgos clínicos diversos. A continuación se reporta el caso de un niño de 10 años, con el diagnóstico de neuropatía autonómica sensorial hereditaria tipo IV, condición que presenta una herencia autosómica recesiva. Esta patología se caracteriza por la pérdida de la sensibilidad al dolor y temperatura, anhidrosis, automutilación y retardo mental. La anhidrosis lleva a trastornos de la termorregulación, que pueden causar episodios de fiebre y la pérdida de sensibilidad, se asocia con fracturas y traumas articulares recurrentes...

Clinical and neurophysiologic characterization of an European family with hereditary sensory neuropathy, paroxysmal cough and gastroesophageal reflux.

UNLABELLED: In 2002, Spring et al reported a family with an autosomal dominant form of hereditary sensory neuropathy; patients also presented adult onset of gastroesophageal reflux and cough. Since then, no further families have been described. OBJECTIVE: To study a new Portuguese family with these characteristics. METHOD: To describe the clinical and neurophysiologic characteristics of one family with features of sensory neuropathy associated with cough and gastroesophageal erflux. RESULTS: Three of five siblings presented a similar history of paroxysmal cough (5th decade). About a decade later they experienced numbness and paraesthesia in the feet and in all cases there was evidence of an axonal sensory neuropathy. A history of gastroesophageal reflux of variable severity and age of onset was also present. DISCUSSION: Molecular genetic studies have demonstrated genetic heterogeneity between the hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 subtypes. The identification of these families is of major importance because further work is required to identify the underlying genetic defect.

Clinical and neurophysiologic characterization of an European family with hereditary sensory neuropathy, paroxysmal cough and gastroesophageal reflux / Caracterização clínica e neurofisiológica de uma família europeia com neuropatia sensitiva hereditária, tosse paroxística e refluxo gastroesofágico

In 2002, Spring et al reported a family with an autosomal dominant form of hereditary sensory neuropathy; patients also presented adult onset of gastroesophageal reflux and cough. Since then, no further families have been described. Objective: To study a new Portuguese family with these characteristics. Method: To describe the clinical and neurophysiologic characteristics of one family with features of sensory neuropathy associated with cough and gastroesophageal erflux. Results: Three of five siblings presented a similar history of paroxysmal cough (5th decade). About a decade later they experienced numbness and paraesthesia in the feets and in all cases there was evidence of an axonal sensory neuropathy. A history of gastroesophageal reflux of variable severity and age of onset was also present. Discussion: Molecular genetic studies have demonstrated genetic heterogeneity between the hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 subtypes. The identification of these families is of major importance because further work is required to identify the underlying genetic defect. .

Em 2002, Spring et al descreveram uma família com uma combinação de polineuropatia sensitiva hereditária, doença do refluxo gastroesofágico e tosse paroxística. Desde então não foram descritos outros casos. Objectivo: Estudar uma nova família portuguesa com essas características. Método: Caracterização clínica e neurofisiológica de uma família com a referida combinação de patologias. Resultados: Três, de cinco irmãos, apresentam uma história semelhante de tosse paroxística com início na 5a década. Cerca de uma década mais tarde iniciam quadro de parestesias em ambos os pés, com evidência de neuropatia sensitiva axonal. Todos os casos apresentam também uma história de doença do refluxo gastroesofágico de gravidade variável. Discussão: Nos últimos anos, os estudos de genética molecular permitiram evidenciar a heterogeneidade genética dos vários subtipos de polineuropatia sensitiva hereditária tipo 1. A identificação das famílias afectadas reveste-se de grande importância, nomeadamente na tentativa de caracterização da alteração genética deste subtipo. .

Spinal anesthesia in a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis.

Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare, hereditary, autonomic recessive disorder. The inability to perceive pain results from loss of nociceptive afferents, while anhidrosis is caused by loss of innervation to the sweat glands. Insensitivity to pain and mental retardation lead to self-inflicted injuries, corneal lacerations, painless bony fractures, joint deformities with consequent chronic osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. There are only a few reports on the anesthetic management for patients with CIPA. We describe the anesthetic management of a young woman with CIPA receiving bilateral arthrodesis of the ankle.

Síndrome de Charcot-Marie-Tooth: a propósito de un caso clínico / Syndrome Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a purpose of a case

Los estudios del Síndrome de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) presenta heterogeneidad genética. Los estudios de conducción nerviosa y la práctica de biopsia de nervio periférico han permitido establecer dos tipos: CMT1: es hipertrófica, desmielinizante con descenso de las velocidades de conducción nerviosa motora. CMT2: velocidades de conducción nerviosa periférica normales o mínimamente descendidas y atrofia axonal primaria con mínima afectación de la mielina. Prevalencia entre 15 a 20 casos por 100.000 habitantes. Afecta a ambos sexos con ligera preferencia por los varones. Las características clínicas de CMT1 incluyen debilidad distal, atrofia de inicio en musculatura peroneal con extensión a dedos de las manos, hipo o arreflexia, pies cavos, engrosamiento de los nervios y alteraciones sensitivas distales. CMT2 es semejante al CMT1 aunque su inicio suele ser algo más tardío. Paciente escolar masculino de doce años, quien inicia cuadro clínico a los tres años caracterizado por tropiezos caídas frecuentes, dificultad para subir y bajar escaleras, y debilidad muscular de miembros inferiores de forma progresiva hasta la actualidad. Examen físico: marcha de estepaje, pie caído, hipotrofia de músculos intrapatelares bilaterales a predominio izquierdo, hiporreflexia y arreflexia en algunos grupos musculares y disminución de la fuerza muscular. Se realizó electromiografía y velocidad de conducción nerviosa siendo alteradas compatible junto a la clínica con CMT1. En conclusión es una patología que amerita el suficiente conocimiento por parte de los médicos en general para su correcto diagnóstico y manejo.

[Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2: two cases report]. / Neuropatia sensitiva e autonômica herditária tipo II: a propósito de dois casos.

Two cases of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 are reported. This type of neuropathy is included in a group that consists of five different entities. The systematization of that neuropathies depends on multiple criteria such as age of beginning, genetic aspects, clinical manifestations, eletroneuromyographic and pathologic features. In this report we describe the cases in a family, two brothers, 27 and 35 years old that were observed in our department with pain insensibility and consequent sensitive-trophic disturbs and deformity of members. The diagnoses was defined as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 and an inherited pattern recessive autossomic transmission was considered. The age of beginning, the hereditary aspects, the clinical manifestations and the eletroneuromyographic features are analysed. The differential diagnoses with other sensory hereditary and acquired neuropathies is emphasized.

Neuropatías autoinmunes: parte I: neuropatías y anticuerpos antineuronales / Autoimmune neurophaties: part I: neuropathy and antineural antibodies

Se trata de la primera parte de 2 artículos tendientes a aclarar el valor de exámenes serológicos en el diagnóstico de las neuropatías autoinmunes. Específicamente de los anticuerpos antineurales y de las gamapatías monoclonales. En esta primera revisión se presentan las posibilidades y limitaciones de los anticuerpos antineurales en manejo clínico de estas neuropatías. En primer lugar se describen las características generales de los distintos tipos de anticuerpos. Los síndromes polineuropáticos han sido divididos en motores, sensitivos, sensitivo/motores y Guillain-Barré, discutiéndose para cada caso la utilidad diagnóstica de los distintos anticuerpos antineurales

Spastic paraparesis and sensory neuropathy.

A 12-year-old developed a slowly progressive spastic gait at the age of 3. A marked loss of pain and temperature sensations led to a mutilating acropathy starting at age 5. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed a symmetric, axonal, predominantly sensory neuropathy, and magnetic resonance imaging ruled out compression of spinal cord. Sural nerve biopsy disclosed a predominant involvement of unmyelinated and a global loss of myelinated fibers, particularly larger ones. Clinical, electrodiagnostic and pathological findings of this case most likely represent an example of the "Cavanagh's variant", an unusual but distinct entity within the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies.