RÉSUMÉ
As the treatment of pediatric malignancies improves and survival increases, the diagnosis of acute abdomen in these patients also becomes more common. Nevertheless, the management of this condition is still controversial. The authors report their experience in treating 12 neutropenic children with acute abdomen. The charts of 12 neutropenic patients with a diagnosis of acute abdomen treated at Boldrini Children's Cancer Center in Campinas, Brazil, between 1991 and 1996, were reviewed. Therapeutic strategy included an initial period of bowel rest, general supportive measures, and broad-spectrum antibiotics while waiting for the neutrophil count to rise. Three patients recovered completely without surgery, 8 underwent late surgery without complications, and 1 died due to uncontrolled sepsis before surgery. The treatment of acute abdomen in neutropenic children remains controversial. As shown in the present series, an initial nonoperative approach with selective surgical indication appears to be safe and to yield good results. Supportive treatment, until the neutrophil count rises, followed by surgery, if necessary, appears to be a sound therapeutic approach for neutropenic children with acute abdomen.