Tratamiento conservador de perforación duodenal intraperitoneal secundaria a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en un paciente pediátrico / Conservative treatment of intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a pediatric patient

Introducción: las perforaciones duodenales son consideradas lesiones de extrema gravedad a cualquier edad. Su etiología puede ser por traumatismos, o después de la realización de un procedimiento endoscópico digestivo. Debido a la elevada morbilidad y mortalidad de estas lesiones, su tratamiento quirúrgico ha sido el método de elección durante años en la mayoría de los casos. Más recientemente se ha reportado con éxito el tratamiento no quirúrgico en pacientes seleccionados. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de tratamiento exitoso no quirúrgico en un adolescente de 13 años con una perforación duodenal intraperitoneal después de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. Las medidas terapéuticas en este caso fueron: la suspensión de la vía oral, el uso de nutrición parenteral total, la administración de análogo de la somatostatina y los antibióticos sistémicos. Conclusiones: la perforación duodenal intraperitoneal después de una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica en niños puede ser diagnosticada precozmente. El tratamiento médico basado en la observación estricta del enfermo, la nutrición parenteral total, la suspensión de la alimentación oral, la aspiración nasogástrica octeotride y la administración de antibióticos sistémicos, es eficaz en enfermos selectos(AU)

Introduction: duodenal perforations are considered extremely serious lesions at any age. Its etiology may be due to trauma, or after performing a digestive endoscopic procedure. Due to the high morbidity and mortality of these injuries, surgical treatment has been the method of choice for years in most cases. More recently, non-surgical treatment has been reported successfully in selected patients. Case presentation: it is presented a case of successful non-surgical treatment in a 13-year-old adolescent with intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Therapeutic measures in this case were: the suspension of the oral route, the use of total parenteral nutrition, the administration of the somatostatin analog and systemic antibiotics. Conclusions: intra-peritoneal duodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children can be diagnosed early. Medical treatment based on strict observation of the patient, total parenteral nutrition, suspension of oral feeding, nasogastric octeotride aspiration; and administration of systemic antibiotics is effective in selected patients(AU)

Endoscopic repair of a large colonoscopic perforation with clips.

We report a patient with a large colonic perforation that occurred in a screening colonoscopy, successfully repaired with endoclips, although the safety and efficacy of this approach is not entirely established. Endoscopic clip placement can be used to treat iatrogenic colonic perforation, when the defect is readily recognized and is easily accessible for closure, and the bowel preparation is excellent.

Perforación del colon secundaria a tuberculosis ileocecal: caso clínico / Colonic perforation secondary to ileocecal tuberculosis: report of case

We report a 44 years old male, presenting with an eight months history of right lower quadrant pain, diarrhea and weight loss. Colonoscopy showed a proliferative and ulcerated lesion in the cecum, with necrotic areas. Barium enema showed an extensive irregular stenosis with rigidity of cecum and ascending colon. The endoscopic biopsy showed numerous granulomas with giant multinucleated cells of Langhans type. A right colectomy was performed with a good postoperative evolution. Anti tuberculosis treatment was started two weeks later and was well tolerated. The patient is currently asymptomatic after two years of followup

Clindamycin plus amikacin versus clindamycin plus aztreonam in established intraabdominal infections.

BACKGROUND: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study evaluated the efficacy and safety of clindamycin plus amikacin versus clindamycin plus aztreonam (Cl-Az) in treating intraabdominal infections in adults. METHODS: Patients were treated intravenously for 7 to 10 days, clindamycin 900 mg plus amikacin 5.0 mg/kg three times a day or clindamycin 900 mg plus aztreonam 2.0 gm three times a day. All 67 patients enrolled were evaluated for safety and 31 in each group for clinical and microbiologic response. Both groups were similar in initial diagnosis, perforated appendicitis or intraabdominal abscess. In each group 24 patients (77%) were admitted in serious condition and three (10%) in critical condition. Twenty-five patients (80.6%) in each group had aerobic and anaerobic pathogens; the remainder had either aerobic or anaerobic pathogens. RESULTS: On therapy completion, clinical and bacteriologic responses were as follows: clindamycin plus amikacin group, 26 (84%) cured, 3 (9.7%) improved, and 2 (6.3%) failed; Cl-Az group, 25 (80.7%) cured, 6 (19.3%) improved, and 0 failed. Rapid temperature decrease occurred in Cl-Az group (p = 0.007). Forty-one mild adverse medical events reported were evenly distributed, but no patients were removed as a result. CONCLUSIONS: Both combinations were highly effective in managing intraabdominal sepsis. Clindamycin aztreonam showed a slight advantage because of absence of renal toxicity and shorter time to apyrexia.

Criterio quirúrgico en el manejo de la perforación intestinal por fiebre tifoidea en los niños / Surgical treatment of typhoid fever of perforation of the ileum in children

Se presentaron 30 casos de perforación intestinal por fiebre tifoidea atendidos durante 1984 en el Hospital Universitario de Puebla UAP; se analizan sus principales aspectos clínicos, de laboratorio asi como radiográficos. De acuerdo a los hallazgos transoperatorios y los distintos tipos de cirugías realizadas, se agrupan los pacientes con el objeto de establecer en forma comparativa un adecuado criterio quirúrgico. En 21 se encontró una perforación única y en 9 de tipo múltiple, el 80 por ciento con una reaccción peritoneal importante. Se practicaron 15 enterografías, 7 resecciones intestinales con anastomosis y en 7 se constryó una ileostomía derivativa; un caso fue diagnosticado hasta la autopsia. El 40 por ciento presentó algun tipo de complicación, destacando la infeccción de la herida quirúrgica y la fístula estercorácea; interrelacionando estas con el tiempo de evolución, el tipo de cirugía y el número de perforaciones, se obtuvo: ausencia de alteraciones con la práctica de una ileostomía; ciertas complicaciones con la anastomosis, especialmente cuando las perforaciones fueron múltiples y la evolución mayor de 14 días; la enterografía no mostró contingencias importantes en los casos de perforaciones únicas y la evolución menor de dos semanas. La mortalidad fue del 19.9 por ciento (6 casos), condicionada fundamentalmente por sepsis y toxinfección. Finalmente se discute la indicación de cada una de las técnicas a emplear en esta patología.

Some aspects of appendicitis

(1) Make a confident diagnosis on the acute abdomen before giving any antibiotic. (2) When in doubt at the first examination re-examine the patient six to twelve hours later and do not give the patient any drug in the interval. (3) Abdominal pain which disappears in six hours is not of inflammatory origin. (4) The treatment of acute appendicitis is appendicectomy, not antibiotics. (5) Antibiotics reduce morbidity and mortality only if given as part of planned treatment for diagnosed pathology. (6) A solid inflammatory appendix mass can be removed. (7) An appendix abscess should be drained. If the appendix presents itself it may be removed at the time or safely left until later. If the appendix is seen of if the patient is ill, simple drainage is best, followed in six to twelve weeks by an interval appendicectomy. This avoids complications due to surgery on an oedematous caecum such as fistula or peritonitis. (8) The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is not always easy, as it may mimic other diseases, so it should never be forgotten (AU)