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1.
Food Chem ; 463(Pt 1): 141042, 2025 Jan 15.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39241412

RÉSUMÉ

Textured vegetable proteins (TVP) are an alternative to meet the increasing demand for non-animal food. This study aimed to develop a TVP from mixtures with 45 % pea protein isolate (PPI) enriched with amaranth (AF) and oat (OF) flours using high-moisture extrusion technology (HME) varying the moisture (50-70 %) and the temperature in the second heating zone of the extruder (110-140 °C). After extrusion, all samples demonstrated higher values of water absorption capacity (WAC) than non-extruded mixtures. Mixture of AF:OF:PPI (40:15:45 %) extruded at 60 % moisture and 135 °C showed promising functional properties with WAC and WSI values of 3.2 ± 0.2 g H2O/g and 24.89 ± 2.31 %, respectively, and oil absorption capacity (OAC) of 1.3 g oil/g. The extrusion process altered the thermal and structural properties of proteins promoting a desirable fibrous structure. This confirms the feasibility of using HME to develop TVP based on PPI, AF, and OF.


Sujet(s)
Amaranthus , Avena , Farine , Pisum sativum , Eau , Amaranthus/composition chimique , Farine/analyse , Avena/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Eau/composition chimique , Protéines de pois/composition chimique , Manipulation des aliments , Protéines végétales/composition chimique , Température élevée
2.
Food Res Int ; 190: 114624, 2024 Aug.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38945578

RÉSUMÉ

The present work evaluated how a native pea protein isolate (PPI) affects the key roles carried out by bile salts (BS) in lipid digestion by means of the in vitro static INFOGEST protocol. Two gastric residence times were evaluated (10 and 60 min), and then the peptides obtained (GPPP) were mixed with BS at physiological concentration in simulated intestinal fluid to understand how they interact with BS both at the bulk and at the interface. Both GPPP give rise to a film with a predominant viscous character that does not constitute a barrier to the penetration of BS, but interact with BS in the bulk duodenal fluid. When the peptides flushing from the stomach after the different gastric residence times undergo duodenal digestion, it was found that for the longer gastric residence time the percentage of soluble fraction in the duodenal phase, that perform synergistically with BS micelles, was twice that of the lower residence time, leading to an increase in the solubilization of oleic acid. These results finally lead to a greater extent of lipolysis of olive oil emulsions. This work demonstrates the usefulness of in vitro models as a starting point to study the influence of gastric residence time of pea protein on its interaction with BS, affecting lipolysis. Pea proteins were shown to be effective emulsifiers that synergistically perform with BS improving the release and bioaccessibility of bioactive lipids as olive oil.


Sujet(s)
Acides et sels biliaires , Digestion , Lipolyse , Protéines de pois , Acides et sels biliaires/métabolisme , Acides et sels biliaires/composition chimique , Protéines de pois/composition chimique , Protéines de pois/métabolisme , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/métabolisme , Peptides/métabolisme , Peptides/composition chimique , Duodénum/métabolisme , Humains
3.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr ; 79(2): 401-409, 2024 Jun.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38602652

RÉSUMÉ

This study focused on studying the bioaccesible phenolic compounds (PCs) from yellow pea flour (F) and protein isolate (I). Total phenolic contents (TPC), PCs composition and antioxidant activities were analysed in ethanol 60% extracts obtained by applying ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE, 15 min/40% amplitude). The preparation of I under alkaline conditions and the elimination of some soluble components at lower pH produced a change of PCs profile and antioxidant activity. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) of both ingredients to obtain the digests FD and ID, notable changes in the PCs concentration and profiles could be demonstrated. FD presented a higher ORAC activity than ID (IC50 = 0.022 and 0.039 mg GAE/g dm, respectively), but lower ABTS•+ activity (IC50 = 0.8 and 0.3 mg GAE/g dm, respectively). After treatment with cholestyramine of extracts from FD and ID in order to eliminate bile salts and obtain the bioaccesible fractions FDb and IDb, ROS scavenging in H2O2-induced Caco2-TC7 cells was evaluated, registering a greater activity for ID respect to FD (IC50 = 0.042 and 0.017 mg GAE/mL, respectively). These activities could be attributed to the major bioaccesible PCs: OH-tyrosol, polydatin, trans-resveratrol, rutin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-gallocatechin gallate for FD; syringic (the most concentrated) and ellagic acids, trans-resveratrol, and (-)-gallocatechin gallate for ID, but probably other compounds such as peptides or amino acids can also contribute.


Sujet(s)
Antioxydants , Farine , Phénols , Pisum sativum , Antioxydants/pharmacologie , Antioxydants/analyse , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Phénols/analyse , Phénols/pharmacologie , Farine/analyse , Humains , Cellules Caco-2 , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Extraits de plantes/composition chimique , Protéines végétales/isolement et purification , Protéines végétales/pharmacologie , Protéines végétales/analyse , Protéines de pois/composition chimique , Digestion
4.
J Sci Food Agric ; 104(12): 7291-7300, 2024 Sep.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38647043

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: In past years, thousands of protein-polysaccharide complexes have been investigated to modify protein characteristics and functionality in food systems. However, the interaction between pea protein isolate (PPI) and soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) has not been thoroughly characterized yet. RESULTS: In the present study, the phase behavior of PPI and SSPS mixtures was analyzed as a function of PPI:SSPS mixing ratio (1:1 to 1:0.10) and pH (7.0 to 2.0), showing that these biopolymers could be electrostatically assembled at 1:1 to 1:0.25 mixing ratios and 4.0 to 3.0 pH values. Then, the characteristics of the PPI-SSPS complexes were studied before and after heating (90 °C and 30 min) by ζ-potential, surface hydrophobicity, protein solubility, particle size distribution and physical stability for 56 days. By lowering the pH and PPI:SSPS mixing ratio, the complexes showed increased solubility, changed 𝜁-potential and higher physical stability. By heating, the complexes presented increased hydrophobicity and physical stability. CONCLUSION: Overall, PPI-SSPS complexes increased the protein solubility, reduced the particle size, and changed both the ζ-potential and the surface hydrophobicity with respect to PPI control, allowing stabilization of the colloidal system and broadening the possible applications of these high-quality proteins in acidic food systems. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.


Sujet(s)
Glycine max , Température élevée , Interactions hydrophobes et hydrophiles , Protéines de pois , Pisum sativum , Polyosides , Solubilité , Électricité statique , Concentration en ions d'hydrogène , Glycine max/composition chimique , Polyosides/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Protéines de pois/composition chimique , Biopolymères/composition chimique , Taille de particule
5.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr ; 79(2): 489-496, 2024 Jun.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38642194

RÉSUMÉ

This study explores the impact of co-ingesting cereals and legumes on starch and protein during simulated infant in vitro digestion. Various legumes (chickpeas, lentils, peas) were added to cereals (durum wheat, brown rice, white maize), and their effects on starch and protein hydrolysis were analyzed. Substituting 50% of cereal with legumes increased proteins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Infant food with legumes exhibited smoother pasting properties. Legumes in cereal purées led to varying starch hydrolysis trends, with the lowest values in durum wheat with chickpea and all cereal blends with peas. Resistant starch levels exceeding 50% were found in infant food samples. Digested protein hydrolysis increased with legumes in durum wheat, except for peas. Brown rice mixtures decreased significantly compared to the control with chickpeas (61%) and peas (42%), while lentil blends increased by 46%. Legumes generally did not significantly affect starch bioavailability, even with α-amylase inhibitors. Lentil-cereal purées could enhance infant food nutritional value.


Sujet(s)
Protéines alimentaires , Digestion , Grains comestibles , Fabaceae , Aliment du nourrisson au cours de la première année , Amidon , Amidon/métabolisme , Grains comestibles/composition chimique , Aliment du nourrisson au cours de la première année/analyse , Humains , Fabaceae/composition chimique , Nourrisson , Protéines alimentaires/analyse , Valeur nutritive , Phénomènes physiologiques nutritionnels chez le nourrisson , Fibre alimentaire/analyse , Hydrolyse , Lens/composition chimique , Triticum/composition chimique , Cicer/composition chimique , Oryza/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique
6.
J Food Biochem ; 46(10): e14308, 2022 10.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35770807

RÉSUMÉ

Extensively consumed worldwide, legumes such as beans, soybeans, chickpeas, and peas represent a great source of protein. Legume-derived proteins provide bioactive peptides, small sequences of amino acids produced by enzymatic hydrolysis, gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation, or germination. Recent studies showed diverse biological effects of these peptides as antioxidants, antihypertensives, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, and even immunomodulators. These beneficial effects aid in preventing and treating chronic illnesses, particularly inflammatory disorders, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this work discusses these biological functions in gastrointestinal digestion health of bioactive peptides obtained from common beans, soybeans, chickpeas, peas, and other legumes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Knowledge of the nutraceutical properties of legumes can encourage the use of these seeds as ingredients in the development and design of functional foods.


Sujet(s)
Cicer , Fabaceae , Acides aminés , Anti-inflammatoires , Antihypertenseurs , Cicer/composition chimique , Fabaceae/composition chimique , Fibrinolytiques , Hypoglycémiants , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Peptides/composition chimique , Peptides/pharmacologie , Glycine max/composition chimique , Légumes
7.
J Sci Food Agric ; 101(9): 3551-3563, 2021 Jul.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33417241

RÉSUMÉ

Biofortification refers to an approach to increase micronutrient concentrations in the edible parts of plants with increased bioavailability to the human population. Conventional, agronomic and transgenic breeding methods can be used to develop these biofortified crops, offering sustainable and cost-effective strategies. Pea has long been recognized as a valuable, nutritious food for the human diet, but there is a limited amount of information about it, which prevents the full micronutrient enrichment potential of this pulse crop to be reached. Considerations must include not only micronutrient concentrations but also the amount of the nutrient that can be absorbed by the consumer, after processing and cooking. Development of biofortified pea that retains nutrients during cooking and processing is not only essential for fighting micronutrient malnutrition, but also necessary to improve agricultural productivity. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.


Sujet(s)
Aliment enrichi/analyse , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Animaux , Bioenrichissement , Humains , Micronutriments/analyse , Micronutriments/métabolisme , Pisum sativum/métabolisme , Graines/composition chimique , Graines/métabolisme
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(8)2020 Apr 11.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32290394

RÉSUMÉ

Psd1 is a pea plant defensin which can be actively expressed in Pichia pastoris and shows broad antifungal activity. This activity is dependent on fungal membrane glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is also important for its internalization, nuclear localization, and endoreduplication. Certain cancer cells present a lipid metabolism imbalance resulting in the overexpression of GlcCer in their membrane. In this work, in vitroassays using B16F10 cells showed that labeled fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC-Psd1 internalized into live cultured cells and targeted the nucleus, which underwent fragmentation, exhibiting approximately 60% of cells in the sub-G0/G1 stage. This phenomenon was dependent on GlcCer, and the participation of cyclin-F was suggested. In a murine lung metastatic melanoma model, intravenous injection of Psd1 together with B16F10 cells drastically reduced the number of nodules at concentrations above 0.5 mg/kg. Additionally, the administration of 1 mg/kg Psd1 decreased the number of lung inflammatory cells to near zero without weight loss, unlike animals that received melanoma cells only. It is worth noting that 1 mg/kg Psd1 alone did not provoke inflammation in lung tissue or weight or vital signal losses over 21 days, inferring no whole animal cytotoxicity. These results suggest that Psd1 could be a promising prototype for human lung anti-metastatic melanoma therapy.


Sujet(s)
Antinéoplasiques d'origine végétale/pharmacologie , Défensines/pharmacologie , Tumeurs du poumon/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs du poumon/secondaire , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Protéines végétales/pharmacologie , Animaux , Antinéoplasiques d'origine végétale/composition chimique , Apoptose/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Biopsie , Lignée cellulaire , Perméabilité des membranes cellulaires , Prolifération cellulaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Défensines/composition chimique , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Femelle , Technique d'immunofluorescence , Glucosylcéramides/métabolisme , Immunohistochimie , Tumeurs du poumon/traitement médicamenteux , Mélanome expérimental , Souris , Modèles moléculaires , Protéines végétales/composition chimique , Conformation des protéines , Relation structure-activité
9.
BMC Vet Res ; 16(1): 2, 2020 Jan 03.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31900155

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidaemia is considered a cause of other diseases that are clinically important and potentially life threatening. Combination of pea and barley as exclusive starch sources is known to interfere with glycemic control in diabetic dogs, but their effect on lipid profile of hiperlipidaemic dogs is yet to be evaluated. Twelve adult diabetic dogs were fed three dry extruded diets with different starch sources and different fat levels: peas and barley (PB), maize (Mi), and peas, barley and rice (Ba) with 15.7, 15.6 and 9.0% of their dry matter as fat, respectively. Plasmatic cholesterol and triglycerides concentration curves over 10 h were obtained after 60 days on each diet and with the same NPH insulin dose. ANOVA test or Friedman test were used to compare the dietary effects on triglycerides and cholesterol variables among the diets. RESULTS: Dogs presented lower mean (p = 0.05), fasting (p = 0.03), and time 8-h postprandial (p = 0.05) triglyceridemia after PB diet period than Ba diet period and time 4-h postprandial (p = 0.02) lower after PB than Mi diet. Cholesterolemia mean, minimum, maximum, area under the cholesterol curve and times points: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10-h postprandial, had lower values after PB ingestion in comparison to Mi, without difference to Ba diet. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of pea and barley, as exclusive starch sources, in therapeutic diets for diabetic dogs can minimize plasmatic triglycerides and cholesterol concentration at fasting and at different postprandial time, compared to the maize diet or diet with lesser fat content.


Sujet(s)
Aliment pour animaux/analyse , Diabète/médecine vétérinaire , Régime alimentaire/médecine vétérinaire , Hyperlipidémies/médecine vétérinaire , Animaux , Cholestérol/sang , Hydrates de carbone alimentaires , Matières grasses alimentaires , Chiens , Hordeum/composition chimique , Hyperlipidémies/prévention et contrôle , Mâle , Oryza/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Triglycéride/sang , Zea mays/composition chimique
10.
Proteins ; 88(1): 242-246, 2020 01.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31294889

RÉSUMÉ

Pisum sativum defensin 2 (Psd2) is a small (4.7 kDa) antifungal peptide whose structure is held together by four conserved disulfide bridges. Psd2 shares the cysteine-stabilized alpha-beta (CSαß) fold, which lacks a regular hydrophobic core. All hydrophobic residues are exposed to the surface, except for leucine 6. They are clustered in the surface formed by two loops, between ß1 and α-helix and ß2 and ß3 sheets. The observation of surface hydrophobic clusters reveals a remarkable evolution of the CSαß fold to expose and reorganize hydrophobic residues, which facilitates creating versatile binding sites.


Sujet(s)
Défensines/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Protéines végétales/composition chimique , Interactions hydrophobes et hydrophiles , Modèles moléculaires , Résonance magnétique nucléaire biomoléculaire , Conformation des protéines , Structure en hélice alpha , Structure en brin bêta , Pliage des protéines
11.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; Braz. arch. biol. technol;63: e20190150, 2020. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132207

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important protein source in arid regions as both human and animal food. Despite its significance, the use of grass pea is limited by the presence of β-N-oxalyl-L-a,b-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) which can cause neurological disorders. Breeding studies in grass pea have therefore focused on developing high-yielding varieties with low β-ODAP content. However, the narrow range of genetic diversity and the restricted genomic tools in grass pea have slowed progress in such breeding. The present investigation was conducted to explore the genetic diversity of low β-ODAP germplasm consisting of 22 accessions with 31 EST-SSR markers. The molecular analyses revealed a total of 133 alleles ranging from 142 to 330 bp with a mean number of alleles per locus of 4.29. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value was calculated as 0.49, and the EST-SSRs in loci S5, S6 and S116 were of the most informative PICs. A dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance matrix revealed that breeding lines were grouped in two main clusters. Genetic distances were higher between GP6/GP11, GP4/GP11 and GP5/GP8 accessions which could be further used in crop improvement studies for developing wider genetic diversity.


Sujet(s)
Variation génétique , Lathyrus/génétique , Acides aminés diaminés/analyse , Marqueurs génétiques , Pisum sativum/génétique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Génotype
12.
Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr ; 1861(4): 713-728, 2019 04 01.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30639288

RÉSUMÉ

Psd2 is a pea defensin with 47 amino acid residues that inhibits the growth of fungal species by an uncharacterized mechanism. In this work, Psd2 interactions with model membranes mimicking the lipid compositions of different organisms were evaluated. Protein-lipid overlay assays indicated that Psd2 recognizes Fusarium solani glucosylceramide (GlcCerF.solani) and ergosterol (Erg) in addition to phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and some phosphatidylinositol species, such as PtdIns (3)P, (5)P and (3,5)P2, suggesting that these lipids may play important roles as Psd2 targets. Assays using lipid vesicles were also performed to study the behaviour and dynamics that occur after peptide-membrane interactions. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that Psd2 has a higher affinity for pure POPC and POPC-based vesicles containing GlcCer and Erg at a 70:30 proportion than for vesicles containing cholesterol (Chol). Partition experiments by fluorescence spectroscopy showed a decrease in Trp42 quantum yield of Psd2 in the presence of GlcCerF.solani and Erg, individually or in simultaneously enriched membranes. The partition coefficient (Kp) obtained indicated a Psd2 partition preference for this vesicles, confirmed by quenching assays using acrylamide and 5/16-doxyl-stearic acid. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of C8C9 double bonds and a methyl group at position C9 of the sphingoid base backbone of GlcCer was relevant to Psd2 activity against Aspergillus nidulans. These results are consistent with the selectivity of Psd2 against fungi and its lack of toxicity in human erythrocytes. Psd2 represents a promising natural compound for the treatment of fungal infections.


Sujet(s)
Défensines/composition chimique , Ergostérol/composition chimique , Glucosylcéramides/composition chimique , Microdomaines membranaires/composition chimique , Membrane artificielle , Protéines végétales/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique
13.
Rev. Bras. Zootec. (Online) ; 48: e20180140, 2019. tab
Article de Anglais | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1511165

RÉSUMÉ

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of pea and sunflower cake as partial replacement for soybean meal in diet, as well as to assess their effect on milk quality during lactation and on blood parameters of ewes kept in organic farming. The research was carried out with 30 ewes of Merinolandschaf breed during 75 days. Ewes were given mixtures based on soybean meal as a protein source in control group (SBM), while in experimental groups, soybean meal was partially replaced with pea grain (P) and sunflower cake (SFC). Biochemical parameters (urea, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulins, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, ß-hydroxybutyrate, and non-esterified fatty acids), as well as enzyme activity (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and CK) were determined in blood of ewes. Milk composition and concentration of fatty acids in milk fat were also determined. In comparison with control, sunflower cake as a protein source affected the increase of fat content in milk. When compared with pea grain and SBM, it decreased the urea concentration in milk. Oleic acid, total monounsaturated fatty acids, and n-6 increased, while saturated fatty acids, atherogenic, and thrombogenic indices decreased in SFC. Feeding ewes with peas increased the content of n-3 fatty acids in their milk. If compared to SFC, it also improved the n-6:n-3 ratio. Partial replacement of soybean meal with SFC reduced the blood concentration of total protein, globulin, and AST, and GGT enzyme activities and increased the ß-hydroxybutyrate. Inclusion of pea grain and SFC can be adequately used as partial replacement of soybean meal in feeding of ewes kept in organic farming.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Ovis/physiologie , Grains comestibles/physiologie , Farine/analyse , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Lait/composition chimique , Helianthus/composition chimique
14.
Biochemistry ; 57(40): 5797-5806, 2018 10 09.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30207151

RÉSUMÉ

Sugar cane defensin 5 (Sd5) is a small antifungal protein, whose structure is held together by four conserved disulfide bridges. Sd5 and other proteins sharing a cysteine-stabilized α-ß (CSαß) fold lack a regular hydrophobic core. Instead, they are stabilized by tertiary contacts formed by surface-exposed hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues. Despite excessive cross-links, Sd5 exhibits complex millisecond conformational dynamics involving all secondary structure elements. We used Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) NMR relaxation dispersion (RD) measurements performed at different temperatures and denaturant concentrations to probe brief excursions of Sd5 to a sparsely populated "excited" state. Temperature-dependent CPMG RD experiments reveal that the excited state is enthalpically unfavorable, suggesting a rearrangement of stabilizing contacts formed by surface-exposed side chains and/or secondary structure, while the experiments performed at different denaturant concentrations suggest a decrease in accessible surface area of Sd5 in the excited state. The measured backbone 15N chemical shift changes point to a global conformational rearrangement such as a potential α- to ß-transition of the Sd5 α-helix or other major secondary structure reorganization and concomitant conformational changes in other parts of the protein. Overall, the emerging picture of Sd5 dynamics suggests this protein can populate two alternative well-ordered conformational states, with the excited conformer being more compact than the native state and having a distinct secondary structure and side-chain arrangements. The observation of an energetically unfavorable yet more compact excited state reveals a remarkable evolution of the CSαß fold to expose and reorganize hydrophobic residues, which enables the creation of versatile binding sites.


Sujet(s)
Défensines/composition chimique , Évolution moléculaire , Simulation de dynamique moléculaire , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Protéines végétales/composition chimique , Pliage des protéines , Cystéine/composition chimique , Domaines protéiques , Structure secondaire des protéines
15.
Br J Nutr ; 120(7): 777-786, 2018 10.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30132436

RÉSUMÉ

The source of starch may interfere with glycaemic control in dogs, but few studies have evaluated these aspects in diabetic dogs. This study compared the effects of two isonutrient diets with different starch sources, peas and barley (PB) v. maize (Mi), on diabetic dogs. The Mi diet was processed in order to generate a lower starch gelatinisation index. In all, fifteen adult diabetic dogs without other conditions were included. The animals were fed two dry extruded rations with moderate levels of fat and starch and high levels of protein and fibre using a random, double-blind cross-over design. Glycaemic curves over 48 h were developed via continuous glucose monitoring after 60 d on each diet and with the same neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin dosage. The following were compared: fasting, mean, maximum and minimum blood glucose, maximum and minimum glycaemia difference, glycaemic increment, area under the glycaemic curve, area under the glycaemic increment curve and serum fructosamine concentration. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare the amount of food and nutrients ingested and the dietary effects on glycaemic variables between the diets. Dogs fed the PB diet presented a lower average mean interstitial glucose (P=0·01), longer mean hypoglycaemic time (P<0·01), shorter mean hyperglycaemic time (P<0·01) and smaller difference between maximum and minimum blood glucose levels (P=0·03). Thus, the processing applied to the Mi diet was not sufficient to achieve the same effects of PB on glycaemic control in diabetic dogs.


Sujet(s)
Glycémie/métabolisme , Diabète/sang , Régime alimentaire , Hordeum/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Amidon/pharmacologie , Zea mays/composition chimique , Animaux , Aire sous la courbe , Hydrates de carbone alimentaires/sang , Hydrates de carbone alimentaires/pharmacologie , Fibre alimentaire/administration et posologie , Protéines alimentaires/administration et posologie , Chiens , Méthode en double aveugle , Jeûne , Femelle , Fructosamine/sang , Hyperglycémie/sang , Hyperglycémie/étiologie , Hyperglycémie/prévention et contrôle , Hypoglycémie/sang , Hypoglycémie/étiologie , Hypoglycémie/prévention et contrôle , Hypoglycémiants/pharmacologie , Mâle , Répartition aléatoire , Amidon/sang
16.
Ci. Anim. bras. ; 19: e-31142, 2018. tab
Article de Portugais | VETINDEX | ID: vti-728598

RÉSUMÉ

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar as características físico-químicas e sensoriais de apresuntado adicionado de fibra de ervilha como substituto parcial de carne visando redução de custos. Foram processadas duas formulações: Controle semelhante à formulação comercial e Fibra/Menos Carne (FMC) redução de 5% de carne e adição de 1% de fibra de ervilha mais 4% de água. Após o processamento, os produtos foram caracterizados quanto a pH, perfil de textura, cor objetiva, perdas por gotejamento, composição centesimal e avaliação sensorial (teste de aceitação com escala hedônica de nove pontos). Na análise do perfil de textura, os parâmetros dureza e mastigabilidade foram maiores (p<0,05) na formulação Controle. A formulação FMC apresentou valor de L* superior (p<0,05) e valores de a* e b* inferiores (p<0,05) ao tratamento Controle. Quanto à avaliação sensorial, os atributos aroma, aparência, textura e sabor não apresentaram diferenças (p>0,05). Já em relação à aceitação geral as formulações diferiram (p<0,05), sendo que FMC apresentou maior aceitabilidade em comparação ao Controle. Conclui-se que é possível utilizar a fibra de ervilha em apresuntado substituindo parcialmente a carne, gerando um produto com boa aceitação sensorial e menores custos.(AU)


This study was developed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of chopped ham prepared with the addition of pea fiber as a partial substitute of meat. Two treatment samples were processed: Control (C)–commercial production; and Fiber Less Meat (FLM)–reduction of 5% of meat and addition of 1% of fiber and 4% of water. After processing, the products were characterized regarding pH levels, texture, objective color, loss by dripping, centesimal composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and sensorial evaluation (9-point hedonic scale acceptability test). Analyzing the texture, the parameters for firmness and chewy were higher (p<0.05) for the C sample. The sample FLM presented higher L* value (p<0.05) and lower a* and b* values (p<0.05) than sample C. Regarding the sensorial evaluation, the items aroma, appearance, texture, and flavor did not present differences (p>0.05). Regarding general acceptability, the samples differed (p<0.05) and the FLM sample presented higher acceptability compared to the control sample. In conclusion, it is possible to use pea fibers in chopped ham as a partial substitute for meat having a final product with high sensorial acceptability and cost reduction.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Produits carnés/analyse , Économies , Phénomènes chimiques , Fibre alimentaire , Suidae
17.
Article de Portugais | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1473594

RÉSUMÉ

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e avaliar as características físico-químicas e sensoriais de apresuntado adicionado de fibra de ervilha como substituto parcial de carne visando redução de custos. Foram processadas duas formulações: Controle – semelhante à formulação comercial e Fibra/Menos Carne (FMC) – redução de 5% de carne e adição de 1% de fibra de ervilha mais 4% de água. Após o processamento, os produtos foram caracterizados quanto a pH, perfil de textura, cor objetiva, perdas por gotejamento, composição centesimal e avaliação sensorial (teste de aceitação com escala hedônica de nove pontos). Na análise do perfil de textura, os parâmetros dureza e mastigabilidade foram maiores (p0,05). Já em relação à aceitação geral as formulações diferiram (p<0,05), sendo que FMC apresentou maior aceitabilidade em comparação ao Controle. Conclui-se que é possível utilizar a fibra de ervilha em apresuntado substituindo parcialmente a carne, gerando um produto com boa aceitação sensorial e menores custos.


This study was developed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of chopped ham prepared with the addition of pea fiber as a partial substitute of meat. Two treatment samples were processed: Control (C)–commercial production; and Fiber Less Meat (FLM)–reduction of 5% of meat and addition of 1% of fiber and 4% of water. After processing, the products were characterized regarding pH levels, texture, objective color, loss by dripping, centesimal composition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and sensorial evaluation (9-point hedonic scale acceptability test). Analyzing the texture, the parameters for firmness and chewy were higher (p0.05). Regarding general acceptability, the samples differed (p<0.05) and the FLM sample presented higher acceptability compared to the control sample. In conclusion, it is possible to use pea fibers in chopped ham as a partial substitute for meat having a final product with high sensorial acceptability and cost reduction.


Sujet(s)
Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Produits carnés/analyse , Économies , Phénomènes chimiques , Fibre alimentaire , Suidae
18.
Sci Rep ; 6: 28282, 2016 06 20.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27320846

RÉSUMÉ

Prior research has shown that in experimental diabetes mellitus, green tea reduces albuminuria by decreasing podocyte apoptosis through activation of the WNT pathway. We investigated the effect of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on residual albuminuria of diabetic subjects with nephropathy. We conducted a randomised, double-blind study in 42 diabetic subjects with a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) >30 mg/g, despite administration of the maximum recommended dose of renin-angiotensin (RAS) inhibition. Patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups to receive either GTP (containing 800 mg of epigallocatechin gallate, 17 with type 2 diabetes and 4 with type 1 diabetes) or placebo (21 with type 2 diabetes) for 12 weeks. Treatment with GTP reduced UACR by 41%, while the placebo group saw a 2% increase in UACR (p = 0.019). Podocyte apoptosis (p = 0.001) and in vitro albumin permeability (p < 0.001) were higher in immortalized human podocytes exposed to plasma from diabetic subjects compared to podocytes treated with plasma from normal individuals. In conclusion, GTP administration reduces albuminuria in diabetic patients receiving the maximum recommended dose of RAS. Reduction in podocyte apoptosis by activation of the WNT pathway may have contributed to this effect.


Sujet(s)
Albuminurie/traitement médicamenteux , Catéchine/analogues et dérivés , Néphropathies diabétiques/traitement médicamenteux , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Polyphénols/administration et posologie , Sujet âgé , Albuminurie/métabolisme , Albuminurie/anatomopathologie , Apoptose/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Catéchine/administration et posologie , Catéchine/composition chimique , Cellules cultivées , Néphropathies diabétiques/métabolisme , Néphropathies diabétiques/anatomopathologie , Méthode en double aveugle , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Podocytes/métabolisme , Podocytes/anatomopathologie , Polyphénols/composition chimique
19.
Food Sci Technol Int ; 22(8): 699-707, 2016 Dec.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27091150

RÉSUMÉ

The physicochemical, compositional and functional properties of flour from green plantains (Musa acuminata) of the large green plantain variety, oyster mushrooms (Pleorotus ostreatus), pineapple peel (Ananas comosus) of the 'apple pineapple' variety, yellow peas (Pisum sativum), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), whole grain rice (Oryza sativa), whole grain corn (Zea mays) and whole grain white quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) were evaluated by using one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlations and principal component analysis chemical composition of the eight flours, statistically differed (p < 0.05). Oyster mushroom and yellow pea flours had the greatest protein content (28.92 and 21.02%, respectively), whereas the pineapple peel, peas and corn stood out for their high contents of Fe and Zn. All flours exhibited emulsifying and foaming activities, while hydration and interfacial properties showed statistically significant negative correlations. There was a clear relationship between levels of protein and carbohydrates and gelation and syneresis phenomena in thermally treated flour suspensions. According to principal component analysis of functional, physicochemical and compositional properties, flours were classified into five groups of raw materials: (1) yellow peas, (2) chickpeas, rice, corn and quinoa, (3) green plantain, (4) pineapple peel and (5) oyster mushrooms. Results are promising to formulate mixes and composite flours for fortification and/or enrichment of food products by using different technological processes.


Sujet(s)
Farine/analyse , Analyse d'aliment , Chenopodium quinoa/composition chimique , Cicer/composition chimique , Colombie , Manipulation des aliments , Micronutriments/analyse , Oryza/composition chimique , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Protéines végétales/analyse , Grains complets/composition chimique , Zea mays/composition chimique
20.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 15(2): 29-37, jul.-dic. 2013. graf
Article de Espagnol | LILACS | ID: lil-703334

RÉSUMÉ

Se probaron diferentes alternativas de transformación genética en arveja cultivar "Santa Isabel" con el fin de estudiar los factores que afectan el proceso. Se emplearon los métodos de infiltración mediante vacío, infección directa de explantes, transformación de polen, y microinyección de ovarios. La prueba histoquímica de expresión gus fue escogida como método de análisis en la determinación de transformantes positivos. Con las metodologías empleadas se detectaron puntos azules en el tejido vegetal, lo cual indica la expresión transitoria del transgen en los explantes utilizados. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la transformación genética en arveja cultivada en Colombia puede ser utilizada para la introducción de genes de interés como apoyo a los procesos de mejoramiento genético.


Different genetic transformation alternatives were tested in pea, "Santa Isabel" cultivar, with the purpose of studying the factors that affect the process. The methods of infiltration with vacuum, direct infection of the explants, pollen transformation and ovary microinjection were used. The hystochemical test of the gus expression was chosen as analysis method in the determination of positive transformants. With the used methodologies, blue spots in the plant tissue were detected, which indicates transient expression of the transgene in utilized explants. The obtained results suggest that the genetic transformation in pea genotypes planted in Colombia can be utilized for the introduction of genes of interest as support to genetic improvement.


Sujet(s)
Pisum sativum/croissance et développement , Pisum sativum/embryologie , Pisum sativum/physiologie , Pisum sativum/génétique , Pisum sativum/immunologie , Pisum sativum/métabolisme , Pisum sativum/microbiologie , Pisum sativum/composition chimique , Colombie , Génotype , Génétique/statistiques et données numériques , Génétique/instrumentation , Génétique/tendances , Infections , Infiltration-Percolation/analyse , Infiltration-Percolation/statistiques et données numériques , Infiltration-Percolation/méthodes , Pollen
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