Cytocompatibility and mechanical properties of surgical sealants for cardiovascular applications.

OBJECTIVES: The present study compared physical, mechanical, and biologic characteristics of 4 clinically available surgical sealants for cardiovascular repair. METHODS: BioGlue (Cryolife Inc, Kennesaw, Ga), PreveLeak (Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, St Louis, Mo), Tridyne VS (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ), and Coseal (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Westlake Village, Calif) were compared for the following properties: hydrated swelling, cytocompatibility, burst strength, biaxial stretching (elasticity), and in vitro degradation. RESULTS: Sealants showed a wide range of swelling upon hydration. By gravimetric and volumetric measurement, swelling was greatest for Coseal followed by Tridyne VS, BioGlue, and PreveLeak. Tridyne VS was the most cytocompatible based on Alamar Blue assay results, supporting 85% cell survival compared with 36% to 39% survival with the other sealants. All sealants withstood pressure above mean arterial pressure (70-110 mm Hg) and physiologic systolic blood pressure (90-140 mm Hg) in an ex vivo arterial flow burst model; lowest peak pressure at failure was PreveLeak at 235 ± 48 mm Hg, and highest peak pressure at failure was BioGlue at 596 ± 72 mm Hg. Biaxial tensile testing showed no differences in elasticity between ex vivo porcine aorta and carotid arteries and Tridyne VS or Coseal, and BioGlue and PreveLeak were significantly stiffer. In vitro degradation time for Coseal was 6 days and 21 days for Tridyne VS. No degradation was observed in BioGlue or PreveLeak for 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Although all sealants withstood supraphysiologic arterial pressure, there were differences in characteristics that may be important in clinical outcome. Coseal degradation time was short compared with other sealants, whereas BioGlue and PreveLeak showed a significant compliance mismatch with native porcine carotid artery. Tridyne VS was significantly more cytocompatible than the other 3 sealants.

Immunogenicity in Protein and Peptide Based-Therapeutics: An Overview.

Currently it is well known that all biological drugs, including those with a fully human structure, are capable of inducing a host immune response known as immunogenicity [1]. The presence of ADAs can condition the drug´s level and action, thus modifying the therapeutic effect and even the safety profile by its mechanism of action - neutralizing or non-neutralizing - and / or an increase in its clearance. Immunogenicity is a dynamic factor to be taken into account in biological therapy, especially in long-term treatments, and as a relevant aspect in the assessment of secondary response loss [2]. With the above, not only the knowledge but also the management of the immunogenicity of the different biological treatments, represent a useful instrument for optimization of the strategies of use for each drug, and in the design of predictive models of response, which finally permits a significant improvement in the efficacy and safety profile, aiming to a personalization of the therapies, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and cancer [3]. This review summarizes the events of immunogenicity that produce the biological drug, the factor that influence to immunogenicity and the assessment of immunogenicity.

Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: a therapeutic option in respiratory diseases?

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are plasma membrane-bound fragments released from several cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), constitutively or under stimulation. EVs derived from MSCs and other cell types transfer molecules (such as DNA, proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA, and lipids) and/or organelles with reparative and anti-inflammatory properties to recipient cells. The paracrine anti-inflammatory effects promoted by MSC-derived EVs have attracted significant interest in the regenerative medicine field, including for potential use in lung injuries. In the present review, we describe the characteristics, biological activities, and mechanisms of action of MSC-derived EVs. We also review the therapeutic potential of EVs as reported in relevant preclinical models of acute and chronic respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Finally, we discuss possible approaches for potentiating the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived EVs so as to enable use of this therapy in clinical practice.

Peptides and proteins used to enhance gold nanoparticle delivery to the brain: preclinical approaches.

An exciting and emerging field in nanomedicine involves the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the preclinical development of new strategies for the treatment and diagnosis of brain-related diseases such as neurodegeneration and cerebral tumors. The treatment of many brain-related disorders with AuNPs, which possess useful physical properties, is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB highly regulates the substances that can permeate into the brain. Peptides and proteins may represent promising tools to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we summarize the potential applications of AuNPs to CNS disorders, discuss different strategies based on the use of peptides or proteins to improve the delivery of AuNPs to the brain, and examine the intranasal administration route, which bypasses the BBB. We also analyze the potential neurotoxicity of AuNPs and the perspectives and new challenges concerning the use of peptides and proteins to enhance the delivery of AuNPs to the brain. The majority of the work described in this review is in a preclinical stage of experimentation, or in select cases, in clinical trials in humans. We note that the use of AuNPs still requires substantial study before being translated into human applications. However, for further clinical research, the issues related to the potential use of AuNPs must be analyzed.

Human recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in microorganisms.

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are caused by accumulation of partially degraded substrates within the lysosome, as a result of a function loss of a lysosomal protein. Recombinant lysosomal proteins are usually produced in mammalian cells, based on their capacity to carry out post-translational modifications similar to those observed in human native proteins. However, during the last years, a growing number of studies have shown the possibility to produce active forms of lysosomal proteins in other expression systems, such as plants and microorganisms. In this paper, we review the production and characterization of human lysosomal proteins, deficient in several LSDs, which have been produced in microorganisms. For this purpose, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Ogataea minuta have been used as expression systems. The recombinant lysosomal proteins expressed in these hosts have shown similar substrate specificities, and temperature and pH stability profiles to those produced in mammalian cells. In addition, pre-clinical results have shown that recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in microorganisms can be taken-up by cells and reduce the substrate accumulated within the lysosome. Recently, metabolic engineering in yeasts has allowed the production of lysosomal enzymes with tailored N-glycosylations, while progresses in E. coli N-glycosylations offer a potential platform to improve the production of these recombinant lysosomal enzymes. In summary, microorganisms represent convenient platform for the production of recombinant lysosomal proteins for biochemical and physicochemical characterization, as well as for the development of ERT for LSD.

Use of biological Glue (Bioglue®) in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a study in pigs.

INTRODUCTION: Partial nephrectomy is the standard of care for localized renal tumors. However, bleeding and warm ischemia time are still controversial when laparoscopic surgeries are carried out. Herein, we aim to compare the outcomes from laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with and without the use of biological glue with purified bovine albumin and glutaraldehyde (BioGlue ®). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four kidneys of 12 pigs were used in this study. A pre-determined lower pole segment was resected (3 cm x 1 cm) and one of two different hemostatic techniques was performed. In one kidney, hemostatic ″ U suture ″ (poliglecaprone 3.0) was performed and in the contra-lateral kidney, only the biological glue was applied. Data recorded was comprised of warm ischemia time (seconds) and estimated blood loss (mL) for each procedure. In cases of bleeding after glue administration, a complementary suture was done. RESULTS: Mean warm ischemia time was 492.9 ± 113.1 (351-665) seconds and 746 ± 185.3 (409-1125) seconds for biological glue and suture groups, respectively. There was a positive significant difference in terms of warm ischemia favoring the biological glue group over the suture group (p<0.001). Mean blood loss was 39.4 (0-115) mL for the biological glue group and 39.1 (5-120) mL for the suture group (p=0.62). CONCLUSION: Biological glue is an important tool for laparoscopic partial nephrectomies. It is effective for hemostatic control in selected cases, and it can be used in combination with the traditional suture techniques.

Análise imuno-histoquímica da Bcl-2, Bcl-6, c-Myc e ciclina D1 em linfomas de células B da região oral / Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2, Bcl-6, c-Myc and Cyclin D in B cell lymphomas of the oral region

Neste trabalho foram analisados 30 casos de linfomas de células B da região oral, fixados em solução de formaldeído e incluídos em parafina, através da técnica de imuno-histoquímica para as proteínas c-Myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-6 e ciclina D1. Dos casos analisados 40% foram positivos para a marcação para c-Myc, 33,3% para a marcação para ciclina D1, 83,3% para a marcação para Bcl-2 e 53,3% para a marcação para Bcl-6. Todos os casos foram diagnosticados como linfomas difusos de grandes células B, o subtipo de linfoma com a maior casuística. A análise destas proteínas é de fundamental importância para o diagnóstico e direcionamento do tratamento de doenças hematopoiéticas, pois estão envolvidas em vários processos de controle da transcrição gênica, do ciclo celular e dos processos apoptóticos e o aumento do conhecimento sobre sua ação em diferentes subtipos de linfomas pode corroborar outros estudos

In this study, 30 cases of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded B-cell lymphomas of the oral region were submitted to immunohistochemistry for the detection of proteins c-Myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-6 and cyclin D1. Fourty percent (40%) of the studied cases were positive for c-Myc, 10% for cyclin D1, 83.3% for Bcl-2 and 53.3% for Bcl-6. The analysis of these proteins has fundamental importance for the diagnosis and treatment course of hematopoietic diseases, because they are involved in various processes controlling gene transcription and cell cycle. All cases were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, the subtype with the highest incidence. The analysis of these proteins is very important for the diagnosis and treatment course of hematopoietic diseases, because they are involved in various processes controlling gene transcription, cell cycle and apoptotic processes and an increase in the knowledge of their action in different subtypes of lymphomas can corroborate to other studies

Fraccionamiento y caracterización de las proteínas solubles de la harina de nuez de Barinas (caryodendron orinocense K. ) / Fractionation and characterization of soluble proteins from nuez de Barinas (caryodendron orinocense K .) flour

La harina de nuez de Barinas (Caryodendron orinocense K.) de acuerdo a estudios realizados presenta un contenido de pro teínas en el rango de 15-18%, que permite se pueda considerar como fuente de proteína. Sin embargo no se conoce la composición de estas proteínas. En este estudio se realizó un proceso de fraccionamiento de acuerdo a la solubilidad en diferentes solventes (agua, cloruro de sodio al 5%, hidróxido de sodio 0,02N, etanol al 70%), y el establecimiento de la composición proteica según el peso molecular de la harina de nuez de Barinas obtenida a partir de las nueces secas, molidas y des grasadas, determinando el rango de pesos moleculares por SDS-PAGE y su comparación con el rango de pesos moleculares de las proteínas de la harina de soya (Glycine max). Asi mismo, se determinó la digestibilidad in vitro por hidrólisis enzimática. Los resultados indican un rango de PM de 20.000- 97.000 daltons para la soya y de 6.500-45.000 daltons para la nuez de Barinas. El peso molecular más bajo sugiere una más fácil digestión de las proteínas, que corrobora el valor de la di - ges tibilidad obtenido de 75%. Las proteínas presentes están cons tituidas por albúminas 50,72%, globulinas 15,56%, prolaminas 23,10% y glutelinas 2,52% que representan el 92,15% del total de proteínas presentes. Estas fracciones presentaron una pureza de 81,57%, 94,01%, 70,86% y 92,53%, respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de uso de la harina de Caryodendron orinocense K en el desarrollo de productos alimenticios para niños y ancianos.

Nuez de Barinas (Caryodendron orinocense K.) flour has been reported to have a content of proteins in the range of 15-18% that allows considering it as a source of proteins. However, there is no evidence on the composition of these proteins. The objective of this study was the extraction and separation of the different fractions of proteins based on their solubility in different solvents (water, 5% sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide 0.02N, and 70% ethanol), and the protein composition assessment of the nuez de Barinas flour from dried, milled, and defatted nuts; by analysis of the range of mo lecular weight by SDS-PAGE. Molecular weights of proteins from soybean (Glycine max) flour, were used for comparison. In vitro protein digestibility was determined by enzymatic hydrolysis. Results presented soy proteins in the range of 20.000-97.000 daltons while the nuez de Barinas flour proteins were in the range of 6.500-45.000 daltons. Low molecular weight proteins should suggest a much easier digestibility of these proteins, which is related to the digestibility index of 75% found. Protein composition was found to be 50,72% albumins, 15,56% globulins, 23,10% prolamins, and 2,52% glutelins which represent 92,15% of total proteins present. These fractions showed a percent purity of 81.57, 94.01, 70.86 and 92.53, respectively. These results suggest the possibility to use this flour Caryodendron orinocense K. in developing food products for children and elderly persons.

COX-2 and TGF-ß expression in proliferative disorders of canine prostate

COX-2 and TGF-_ expression was determined in order to correlate non-neoplastic lesions, preneoplastic lesions and carcinoma in the prostate of dogs. The results show that neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions express more COX-2 and TGF-_ when compared to carcinomas, which suggests these proteins may cooperate in the process of prostate tumorigenesis.(AU)

COX-2 and TGF-ß expression in proliferative disorders of canine prostate

COX-2 and TGF-_ expression was determined in order to correlate non-neoplastic lesions, preneoplastic lesions and carcinoma in the prostate of dogs. The results show that neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions express more COX-2 and TGF-_ when compared to carcinomas, which suggests these proteins may cooperate in the process of prostate tumorigenesis.

Antimicrobial peptides (Temporin A and Iseganan IB-367): effect on the cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps.

Taenia solium infections continue being a health problem in undeveloped countries, and few effective control measures against this parasite are being applied. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) belong to the innate immune response and capable of destroying pathogens. We tested the ability of two AMPs, Temporin A (TA) and Iseganan IB-367 (IB-367) to damage T. crassiceps cysticerci in vitro. Doses of 200 and 400 microg/ml of TA and IB-367 caused cysticerci to shrink, lose motility, the formation of macrovesicles in the tegument, as well as decreased evagination properties. These changes were observed as early as 3-6h and became more pronounced over 24h, when the morphological changes of the bladders became evident by both light and electron microscopy. Electron micrographs of cysticerci exposed to peptides showed initial changes as collapsed microvesicles in the tegument, with formation of large vesicles and extrusion of tegumentary tissues into the surrounding media, which led to complete loss of the tegument as well as shrinkage and complete loss of structure of parenchymal tissue after 24h. Peptides administered to cysticercotic mice one month post-infection in a single intraperitoneal dose of 200 or 400 microg, reduced the parasite load by 25% for IB-367, and 50% for TA. The humoral response of infected mice does not appear capable of killing surviving cysticerci. Our studies show that in vitro, AMPs severely damage the tegument and the scolex, and open a new pathway for biological drug design or the development of transgenic animals that over express these peptides capable of killing the cysticerci in vivo.

Exigências em proteína bruta para codornas de corte EV1 em crescimento / Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quail during the growing period

Estudou-se a exigência de proteína bruta para a linha EV1 de codornas de corte na fase de crescimento utilizando-se 288 aves, de ambos os sexos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, cujos tratamentos foram dietas com seis níveis proteína bruta, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 e 33 por cento, e quatro repetições de 12 codornas por unidade experimental. Nos períodos de estudo - inicial (do nascimento ao 21º dia) e total (do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade) - foram registrados o peso corporal (g), o ganho de peso (g), o consumo de ração (g) e a conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de peso). No período inicial houve efeito quadrático do nível de proteína da dieta sobre peso corporal, ganho de peso e consumo alimentar, com máximo desempenho nos níveis de 30,2; 30,1; e 30,8 por cento, respectivamente. Efeito quadrático significativo foi observado no peso no 42º dia de idade, com pico máximo em 30,2 por cento de proteína bruta. Do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade, observou-se efeito quadrático do nível de proteína bruta sobre o ganho de peso e o consumo alimentar, com ponto de máximo para ganho de peso em 29,5 e maior consumo em 32,6 por cento de PB. Houve efeito linear significativo do nível protéico sobre a conversão alimentar. A exigência de proteína bruta para o máximo ganho de peso de codornas de corte em crescimento do nascimento ao 21º dia de idade foi estimada em 30,1 por cento e do nascimento ao 42º dia, em 29,4 por cento da dieta

Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quails were estimated using 288 quails of both sexes in a completely randomized experimental design with six crude protein levels (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 32 percent) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The following traits were recorded in each experimental period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age): body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed:weight gain ratio. From hatch to 21 days of age quadratic effects of crude protein levels on live body weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed and maximum performances were estimated for quails fed 30.2; 30.1; and 30.8 percent crude protein diets, respectively. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was significant and quails fed 30.2 percent crude protein diets showed maximum performance. Quails fed 29.5 and 32.6 percent crude protein diets from hatch to 42 days showed maximum weight gain and feed intake while feed:weight gain ratio was negative and linearly related to crude protein level of diet. Crude protein requirement for weight gain (male and female), from hatch to 21 days of age is estimated in 30.1 percent and from hatch to 42 days of age in 29.5 percent

Exigências em proteína bruta para codornas de corte EV1 em crescimento / Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quail during the growing period

Estudou-se a exigência de proteína bruta para a linha EV1 de codornas de corte na fase de crescimento utilizando-se 288 aves, de ambos os sexos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, cujos tratamentos foram dietas com seis níveis proteína bruta, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 e 33 por cento, e quatro repetições de 12 codornas por unidade experimental. Nos períodos de estudo - inicial (do nascimento ao 21º dia) e total (do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade) - foram registrados o peso corporal (g), o ganho de peso (g), o consumo de ração (g) e a conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de peso). No período inicial houve efeito quadrático do nível de proteína da dieta sobre peso corporal, ganho de peso e consumo alimentar, com máximo desempenho nos níveis de 30,2; 30,1; e 30,8 por cento, respectivamente. Efeito quadrático significativo foi observado no peso no 42º dia de idade, com pico máximo em 30,2 por cento de proteína bruta. Do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade, observou-se efeito quadrático do nível de proteína bruta sobre o ganho de peso e o consumo alimentar, com ponto de máximo para ganho de peso em 29,5 e maior consumo em 32,6 por cento de PB. Houve efeito linear significativo do nível protéico sobre a conversão alimentar. A exigência de proteína bruta para o máximo ganho de peso de codornas de corte em crescimento do nascimento ao 21º dia de idade foi estimada em 30,1 por cento e do nascimento ao 42º dia, em 29,4 por cento da dieta(AU)

Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quails were estimated using 288 quails of both sexes in a completely randomized experimental design with six crude protein levels (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 32 percent) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The following traits were recorded in each experimental period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age): body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed:weight gain ratio. From hatch to 21 days of age quadratic effects of crude protein levels on live body weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed and maximum performances were estimated for quails fed 30.2; 30.1; and 30.8 percent crude protein diets, respectively. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was significant and quails fed 30.2 percent crude protein diets showed maximum performance. Quails fed 29.5 and 32.6 percent crude protein diets from hatch to 42 days showed maximum weight gain and feed intake while feed:weight gain ratio was negative and linearly related to crude protein level of diet. Crude protein requirement for weight gain (male and female), from hatch to 21 days of age is estimated in 30.1 percent and from hatch to 42 days of age in 29.5 percent(AU)

Modulation of protein biophysical properties by chemical glycosylation: biochemical insights and biomedical implications.

Glycosylation constitutes one of the most important posttranslational modifications employed by biological systems to modulate protein biophysical properties. Due to the direct biochemical and biomedical implications of achieving control over protein stability and function by chemical means, there has been great interest in recent years towards the development of chemical strategies for protein glycosylation. Since current knowledge about glycoprotein biophysics has been mainly derived from the study of naturally glycosylated proteins, chemical glycosylation provides novel insights into its mechanistic understanding by affording control over glycosylation parameters. This review presents a survey of the effects that natural and chemical glycosylation have on the fundamental biophysical properties of proteins (structure, dynamics, stability, and function). This is complemented by a mechanistic discussion of how glycans achieve such effects and discussion of the implications of employing chemical glycosylation as a tool to exert control over protein biophysical properties within biochemical and biomedical applications.

Use of a protein-based tissue adhesive as an aid for the surgical reconstruction of advanced and recurrent skin cancer tumors to the head and neck region: a technical report.

BACKGROUND: Patients with advanced skin cancer present a unique challenge to neurosurgeons. Treatment involves aggressive surgical intervention and lengthy reconstructive procedures with considerable morbidity to obtain adequate and safe oncological margins. We reviewed our experience with BioGlue Surgical Adhesive, a protein-based adhesive, as an adjunct in free tissue transfer procedures to prevent CSF leakage and seroma formation. METHODS: Between January 2000 and June 2004, 11 patients ranging in age from 32 to 87 years presented with advanced skin cancer tumors in the head and neck. Pathology included squamous (7) and basal (3) cell carcinoma and malignant schwannoma (1). Of the 11 patients, 8 had undergone previous surgery and/or radiation therapy. All were treated with a combination of craniotomy, skull base, and craniofacial approaches with reconstruction of the large defects using muscular or myocutaneous free flaps in a single operation. Fat, muscle, and a 1-mm epidural layer of BioGlue were used to seal the dural sutures and to obliterate any potential seroma-forming dead space. RESULTS: A total of 6 patients underwent craniofacial resection with orbital exenteration and partial rhinectomy, whereas the remaining 5 underwent frontal, parietal, and/or occipital craniotomies. All patients required dural repair. Three patients required additional brain resection because of tumor infiltration. No patient developed a CSF leak or seroma. There were no adverse events related to the use of BioGlue. Three patients died of medical complications (pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, late-onset myelodysplasia). The remaining patients are alive, and our follow-up (range, 9-58 months) has revealed no recurrence or distal metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced skin cancer tumors in the head and neck region are associated with complex and disfiguring surgical procedures with increased morbidity. We demonstrate that an adjunctive use of a sufficiently strong tissue adhesive can yield acceptable outcomes and minimize comorbidity in this challenging patient population.

Exigência de proteína bruta para codornas européias no período de crescimento / Crude protein requirement for European quails during the growing period

Estimou-se a exigência de proteína bruta para codornas européias de corte (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) nos períodos de 18-28, 28-42 e 42-56 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, constituído de cinco tratamentos, seis repetições e 15 codornas por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais foram formuladas com 18, 20, 22, 24 e 26 por cento de proteína bruta e 2900kCal/kg de energia metabolizável. As exigências de proteína bruta estimadas no período de 18-28 dias de idade para ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e peso corporal foram, respectivamente, 25,7; 25,2 e 25,5 por cento. De 28 a 42 dias de idade, a exigência de proteína bruta para peso corporal foi 24,6 por cento. Não houve efeito significativo do nível de proteína bruta sobre o ganho de peso e conversão alimentar nesse período. De 42 a 56 dias de idade, o efeito do nível de proteína bruta sobre o ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e peso corporal não foi significativo. Codornas européias de corte Coturnix coturnix coturnix apresentaram diminuição da exigência de proteína bruta para peso corporal no período 28-42 dias de idade em comparação à exigência no período 18-28 dias de idade. Não foi possível estabelecer o requisito de proteína para peso corporal, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar após o 28º dia de idade.

Efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína e energia sobre o rendimento de carcaça de codornas européias / Effect of protein and energy levels on carcass yield of European quails

Avaliou-se o rendimento de carcaça de codornas européias de corte (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) no 42º dia de idade, alimentadas com dietas contendo quatro níveis de proteína e dois níveis de energia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições e oito codornas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos constituíram de um fatorial 2I4, ou seja, dois níveis de energia (2900 e 3100kcal EM/kg) e quatro níveis de proteína (22, 24, 26 e 28 por cento proteína bruta na dieta). As variáveis estudadas foram: peso vivo, peso de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça, peso de coxa, rendimento de coxa, peso de peito, rendimento de peito, peso de gordura abdominal, rendimento de gordura abdominal, peso de vísceras comestíveis e rendimento de vísceras comestíveis. Não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de energia e nem dos níveis de proteína sobre nenhuma das características de carcaça analisada.

Efeito de diferentes níveis de proteína e energia sobre o rendimento de carcaça de codornas européias / Effect of protein and energy levels on carcass yield of European quails

Avaliou-se o rendimento de carcaça de codornas européias de corte (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) no 42º dia de idade, alimentadas com dietas contendo quatro níveis de proteína e dois níveis de energia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições e oito codornas por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos constituíram de um fatorial 2×4, ou seja, dois níveis de energia (2900 e 3100kcal EM/kg) e quatro níveis de proteína (22, 24, 26 e 28% proteína bruta na dieta). As variáveis estudadas foram: peso vivo, peso de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça, peso de coxa, rendimento de coxa, peso de peito, rendimento de peito, peso de gordura abdominal, rendimento de gordura abdominal, peso de vísceras comestíveis e rendimento de vísceras comestíveis. Não houve efeito significativo dos níveis de energia e nem dos níveis de proteína sobre nenhuma das características de carcaça analisada.(AU)

The effect of protein and energy levels on 42nd day carcass yield of European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) was evaluated. A completely randomized design with five replicates and eight quails per experimental unit was used. The treatment consist on diets with two energy metabolic levels (2900 and 3100kcal EM/kg) and four protein levels (22, 24, 26 and 28% of crude protein). The traits analyzed were body weight and weight and yield of carcass, tight, breast, fat and edible viscera. No significant effects of crude protein and metabolic energy levels on carcass traits were found.(AU)