Rapidly progressive diffuse systemic sclerosis after local vitamins A, D and E complex injections: literature review and report of two cases.

The term autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) or Shoenfeld's syndrome refers to a wide group of immune-mediated diseases triggered by external agents. Several substances, such as vaccine adjuvants, squalene and silicone implants, are implied in the pathogenesis of ASIA syndrome. Treatment and prognosis of this complex condition are not completely known due to lack of good quality evidence. After a brief introductory literature review on ASIA, we report here two cases of patients that developed rapidly progressive systemic sclerosis clinical features after multiple intramuscular local injections of a substance recommended by a non-medical professional called ADE. ADE is an oily vitamin complex for veterinary use, and it was used in these cases for cosmetic muscular definition and enhancement purpose. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to describe the relation between injections of ADE and the development of ASIA with severe systemic sclerosis phenotype. Further investigation is needed to better understand the pathophysiology and to provide the basis for the treatment of this condition.

Caracterização da resposta imune em modelo experimental de esclerodermia induzida por colágeno tipo V / Humoral immune response characterization of the type V collagen induced scleroderma experimental model

Os modelos experimentais reproduzem doenças que acometem seres humanos, sendo de extrema importância porque possibilitam o estudo da patogênese e abordagem terapêutica dessas enfermidades. Nesse grupo inclui-se o modelo experimental de esclerodermia induzida pela imunização de coelhos com colágeno V humano provocando alterações histológicas (pele, pulmão e rim) similares àquelas observadas em humanos. As doenças auto-imunes têm sua etiologia desconhecida e são particularmente caracterizadas pela presença de auto-anticorpos no soro. Nesse aspecto, 90 a 95% dos pacientes com esclerodermia apresentam algum auto-anticorpo contra antígenos intracelulares (proteínas nucleolares RNA polimerase I, II e III, Scl-70, centriolares ou golginas) ou da matriz extracelular (colágeno). O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta imunológica nos animais do modelo experimental de esclerodermia. Para tanto, o soro dos animais foram testados quanto à presença de auto-anticorpos e de outros fatores imunológicos séricos que indicassem um processo imunológico ativo paralelo às lesões teciduais em desenvolvimento e incluiu: pesquisa de anticorpos anticolágenos V, III e I, imunocomplexos circulantes, fator reumatóide, níveis de complemento, fatores antinucleares (FAN) por imunofluorescência indireta em células HEp-2 e caracterização dos antígenos alvos por immunoblot. A análise da resposta imune revelou que as alterações histológicas do pulmão, rim e pele se desenvolviam com o aumento dos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-colágeno V. Além disso, todos os animais imunizados com Col V apresentavam anticorpos para outros tipos de colágeno. Esses animais desenvolveram uma marcante resposta imunológica a antígenos intracelulares com 100% de positividade para o FAN e presença de imunocomplexos nos soros obtidos 30, 75 e 120 dias pós-imunização quando comparados a dois grupos controles (albumina e adjuvante completo de Freud). Todos os animais do grupo Col V apresentaram...

Experimental models for human diseases are of utmost importance, since they allow the study of their pathogenesis and therapeutic approach. In this group we can include the experimental model of collagen V-induced scleroderma, in rabbits, with histological alterations (skin, lung and kidney) similar to those observed in humans. Auto-immune diseases have an unknown etiology, and are characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies in serum. In this aspect, 90%-95% of the patients with scleroderma present some kind of auto-antibody against intracellular antigens (RNA polymerase I, II and III nucleoproteins, Scl-70, centriolar or golgins) or to components of the extracellular matrix (collagen). This study aims to assess the immune response of the animal subjects in a scleroderma experimental model. The animals sera were tested for auto-antibodies and other serum immunological factors that would point to an active immunological process, parallel to the developing tissue lesions, including anti-collagen V, III and I antibodies, circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid factor, complement levels, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence in HEp-2 (IFI) cells, and characterization of target antigens with an immunoblot. The analysis of the immune response in the studied animals revealed that histological alterations in lungs, kidneys and skin developed with an increase of the serum levels of anti-collagen V antibodies. Furthermore, all the Col Vimmunized animals presented antibodies against other types of collagen as well. These animals also developed a strong immune response against intracellular antigens, being 100% positive for ANA, showing also immune complexes in sera obtained 30, 75 and 120 days after immunization with Col V, when compared to the control groups (albumin and Freunds complete adjuvant). All the animals from the Col V group showed a cytoplasmic pattern at the IFI, Golgi simile and, in 10% of the cases, additional reactivity...