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1.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 58(8): 1204-1212, 2024 Aug 06.
Article de Chinois | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39142890

RÉSUMÉ

Objective: To investigate the genetic subtypes and drug resistance monitoring of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/AIDS virus in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023. Methods: An observational design study was used to collect blood samples from patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in the AIDS Prevention and Control Department of Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2020 to December 2023.The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified by reverse transcription-nested PCR, and the genetic subtypes were identified by phylogenetic tree analysis using MEGA 7.0 software. The mutation sites of drug resistance were analyzed by the online software tool of Stanford University's HIV Drug resistance database. The influencing factors of drug resistance before treatment were analyzed by multivariate logistic analysis. Results: A total of 335 plasma samples were collected, and 332 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained successfully. The main gene subtypes were CRF01-AE, accounting for 35.55% (118/332), followed by CRF07-BC, B and B+C types [29.22% (97/332), 11.74% (39/332), 9.93% (33/332)]. The total drug resistance rate before treatment was 30.12%(32/100), and the drug resistance rate of protease inhibitor (PIs) in HIV-1 was 6.33% (21/332). The drug resistance rate of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) before treatment was 6.33% (21/332). The drug resistance rate of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) before treatment was 17.47% (58/332).The comparison of drug resistance rate of different drug types showed statistical significance (χ2=30.435, P<0.05).Among the 100 cases of drug resistance, the main mutation point of HIV-1 protease inhibitor was Q58E (21.00%), and the main mutation point of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor was M184V/I (6.00%). Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation points mainly K103N (22.00%).There were statistically significant differences in the starting time of antiviral therapy, the number of CD4+T cells at baseline and the drug resistance rate of gene subtypes (the chi-square values are respectively 24.152, 32.516, 11.652, P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the baseline CD4+T cell count was <200/µl, subtype B, subtype B+C, CRF01-AE subtype, CRF55-01B subtype and 01-BC subtype was the influential factor of drug resistance before treatment (the chi-square values are respectively 4.577, 8.202, 4.416, 5.206, 7.603 and 4.804, P<0.05). Conclusion: The newly reported HIV/AIDS population in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023 has a variety of viral gene subtypes, and NNRTIs are the main types of drug resistance gene mutations before treatment. Attention should be paid to the number of baseline CD4+T cells, the duration of antiviral treatment, and the distribution of gene subtypes to reduce the drug resistance of HIV/AIDS patients before treatment.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise , Résistance virale aux médicaments , Génotype , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) , Humains , Résistance virale aux médicaments/génétique , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/génétique , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Infections à VIH/traitement médicamenteux , Infections à VIH/virologie , Agents antiVIH/usage thérapeutique , Agents antiVIH/pharmacologie , Mutation , Chine/épidémiologie
2.
J Infect Dis ; 230(2): e437-e446, 2024 Aug 16.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38230877

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: Torque teno virus (TTV) is part of the human virome. TTV load was related to the immune status in patients after organ transplantation. We hypothesize that TTV load could be an additional marker for immune function in people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS: In this analysis, serum samples of PLWH from the RESINA multicenter cohort were reanalyzed for TTV. Investigated clinical and epidemiological parameters included human pegivirus load, patient age and sex, HIV load, CD4+ T-cell count (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] stage 1, 2, or 3), and CDC clinical stage (1993 CDC classification system; stage A, B, or C) before initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Regression analysis was used to detect possible associations among parameters. RESULTS: Our analysis confirmed TTV as a strong predictor of CD4+ T-cell count and CDC class 3. This relationship was used to propose a first classification of TTV load with regard to clinical stage. We found no association with clinical CDC stages A-C. The human pegivirus load was inversely correlated with HIV load but not TTV load. CONCLUSIONS: TTV load was associated with immunodeficiency in PLWH. Neither TTV nor HIV load were predictive for the clinical categories of HIV infection.


Sujet(s)
Infections à virus à ADN , Infections à VIH , Virus torque teno , Charge virale , Humains , Virus torque teno/isolement et purification , Mâle , Femelle , Numération des lymphocytes CD4 , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Infections à VIH/immunologie , Infections à VIH/virologie , Infections à VIH/traitement médicamenteux , Infections à VIH/complications , Infections à virus à ADN/virologie , Infections à virus à ADN/immunologie , Infections à virus à ADN/épidémiologie , États-Unis/épidémiologie , , Flaviviridae/immunologie , Études de cohortes , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/immunologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie
3.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 44: e56401, Jan. 14, 2022.
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367453

RÉSUMÉ

Blood-borne viruses, includingthe human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, have certain common epidemiological characteristics and these viruses infect millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to determine the job satisfaction and the level of knowledge and practices regarding infectious diseases of employees working as hairdressers and barbers.This descriptive and cross-sectional study comprised 1200 hairdressers and barbers. The study sample comprised 628 people who consented to participate in the study. The mean age of the participants who participated in the study was 28, 13 ± 6. 9 years. The mean job satisfaction score of the participants was 3.85 ± 0.58. The job satisfaction score was found to be higher among those with sufficient knowledge of hepatitis B (p < 0.005). Employees should be provided performance trainings to achieve job satisfaction. It is recommended that employees be encouraged to wear gloves and gowns to protect their health and prevent contamination.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Coiffure/instrumentation , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine) , Savoir , Centres de Beauté et Esthétiques , Hépatite B/épidémiologie , Hépatite B/virologie , Virus de l'hépatite B , Maladies transmissibles/transmission , Maladies transmissibles/épidémiologie , Santé au travail/ethnologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/épidémiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Équipement de protection individuelle/ressources et distribution , Équipement de protection individuelle/virologie , Satisfaction professionnelle , Groupes professionnels
4.
Biomolecules ; 11(12)2021 12 01.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34944448

RÉSUMÉ

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a public health problem. In 2020, 680,000 people died from HIV-related causes, and 1.5 million people were infected. Antiretrovirals are a way to control HIV infection but not to cure AIDS. As such, effective treatment must be developed to control AIDS. Developing a drug is not an easy task, and there is an enormous amount of work and economic resources invested. For this reason, it is highly convenient to employ computer-aided drug design methods, which can help generate and identify novel molecules. Using the de novo design, novel molecules can be developed using fragments as building blocks. In this work, we develop a virtual focused compound library of HIV-1 viral protease inhibitors from natural product fragments. Natural products are characterized by a large diversity of functional groups, many sp3 atoms, and chiral centers. Pseudo-natural products are a combination of natural products fragments that keep the desired structural characteristics from different natural products. An interactive version of chemical space visualization of virtual compounds focused on HIV-1 viral protease inhibitors from natural product fragments is freely available in the supplementary material.


Sujet(s)
Produits biologiques/synthèse chimique , Inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH/synthèse chimique , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/enzymologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Produits biologiques/composition chimique , Produits biologiques/pharmacologie , Ordinateurs , Bases de données pharmaceutiques , Conception de médicament , Inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH/composition chimique , Inhibiteurs de protéase du VIH/pharmacologie , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Humains , Structure moléculaire , Relation structure-activité
5.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 24353, 2021 12 21.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34934097

RÉSUMÉ

HIV-associated malignancies are responsible for morbidity and mortality increasingly in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of HIV-associated malignancies among inpatients, the immunodeficiency and the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on spectrum of HIV-associated malignancies. A total of 438 cases were enrolled from 2007 to 2020 in Beijing Ditan Hospital. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, managements, and outcomes were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Of 438 cases, 433 were assigned to non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) (n = 200, 45.7%) and AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) (n = 233, 53.2%), 5 (1.1%) with lymphoma were not specified further. No significant change was observed in the proportion of NADCs and ADCs as time goes on. Of NADCs, lung cancer (n = 38, 19%) was the most common type, followed by thyroid cancer (n = 17, 8.5%). Patients with ADCs had lower CD4 counts(104.5/µL vs. 314/µL), less suppression of HIVRNA(OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.16-0.35) compared to those with NADCs. ART did not affect spectrum of NADCs, but affect that of ADCs (between patients with detectable and undetectable HIVRNA). ADCs remain frequent in China, and NADCs play an important role in morbidity and mortality of HIV positive population.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/complications , Thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active/méthodes , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/isolement et purification , Patients hospitalisés/statistiques et données numériques , Tumeurs/épidémiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Chine/épidémiologie , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Humains , Tumeurs/virologie , Études rétrospectives , Facteurs de risque
7.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(15)2021 Jul 29.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34360891

RÉSUMÉ

Globally, HIV/AIDS and cancer are increasingly public health problems and continue to exist as comorbidities. The sub-Saharan African region has the largest number of HIV infections. Malignancies previously associated with HIV/AIDS, also known as the AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) have been documented to decrease, while the non-AIDS defining cancer (NADCs) are on the rise. On the other hand, cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and precision oncology as the most effective cancer therapy is gaining attraction. Among HIV-infected individuals, the increased risk for developing cancer is due to the immune system of the patient being suppressed, frequent coinfection with oncogenic viruses and an increase in risky behavior such as poor lifestyle. The core of personalised medicine for cancer depends on the discovery and the development of biomarkers. Biomarkers are specific and highly sensitive markers that reveal information that aid in leading to the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the disease. This review focuses mainly on the risk assessment, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic role of various cancer biomarkers in HIV-positive patients. A careful selection of sensitive and specific HIV-associated cancer biomarkers is required to identify patients at most risk of tumour development, thus improving the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/diagnostic , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/épidémiologie , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) , Tumeurs/diagnostic , Tumeurs/épidémiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active/méthodes , Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux/classification , Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux/génétique , Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux/métabolisme , Comorbidité , Dépistage précoce du cancer , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Tumeurs/génétique , Tumeurs/métabolisme , Virus oncogènes , Médecine de précision/méthodes , Prévalence , Pronostic , Appréciation des risques , Facteurs de risque , Résultat thérapeutique
8.
Signal Transduct Target Ther ; 6(1): 217, 2021 06 09.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34103473

RÉSUMÉ

We examined the safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) infusion for immune non-responder (INR) patients with chronic HIV-1 infection, who represent an unmet medical need even in the era of efficient antiretroviral therapy (ART). Seventy-two INR patients with HIV were enrolled in this phase II randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-determination trial (NCT01213186) from May 2013 to March 2016. They were assigned to receive high-dose (1.5 × 106/kg body weight) or low-dose (0.5 × 106/kg body weight) hUC-MSC, or placebo. Their clinical and immunological parameters were monitored during the 96-week follow-up study. We found that hUC-MSC treatment was safe and well-tolerated. Compared with baseline, there was a statistical increase in CD4+ T counts in the high-dose (P < 0.001) and low-dose (P < 0.001) groups after 48-week treatment, but no change was observed in the control group. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a higher cumulative probability of achieving an immunological response in the low-dose group compared with the control group (95.8% vs. 70.8%, P = 0.004). However, no significant changes in CD4/CD8+ T counts and CD4/CD8 ratios were observed among the three groups. In summary, hUC-MSC treatment is safe. However, the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSC treatment to improve the immune reconstitution in INR patients still needs to be further investigated in a large cohort study.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/thérapie , Maladie du greffon contre l'hôte/thérapie , Infections à VIH/thérapie , Cordon ombilical/transplantation , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/anatomopathologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Adulte , Numération des lymphocytes CD4 , Études de cohortes , Femelle , Études de suivi , Maladie du greffon contre l'hôte/anatomopathologie , Maladie du greffon contre l'hôte/virologie , Infections à VIH/anatomopathologie , Infections à VIH/virologie , Humains , Facteurs immunologiques/génétique , Facteurs immunologiques/immunologie , Mâle , Transplantation de cellules souches mésenchymateuses/effets indésirables , Cellules souches mésenchymateuses/cytologie , Adulte d'âge moyen , Cordon ombilical/virologie
9.
BMC Infect Dis ; 21(1): 448, 2021 May 18.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34006230

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: In the era of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), the plasma HIV viral load (VL) is an important primary indicator for monitoring the HIV treatment response. To optimize the clinical management of HIV/AIDS patients, we investigated VL high-risk events related to virological failure (VF) and further explored the preventive factors of VL high-risk events. METHODS: The data were derived from China's HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System. HIV infected patients who initiated or received ART in Guangxi between 2003 and 2019 were included. The contributions of VL after 6 months of ART to VF and AIDS-related death were analysed by Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses. Both descriptive analyses and bivariate logistic regression were employed to further explore the preventive factors related to VL high-risk events of VF. RESULTS: The cumulative rates of VF in the high low-level viremia group (high LLV) (χ2 = 18.45; P <  0.001) and non-suppressed group (χ2 = 82.99; P <  0.001) were significantly higher than those in the viral suppression (VS) group. Therefore, the VL high-risk events of VF was defined as highest VL > 200 copies/ml after 6 months of ART. Compared with the VS group, the adjusted hazard risk was 7.221 (95% CI: 2.668; 19.547) in the high LLV group and 8.351 (95% CI: 4.253; 16.398) in the non-suppressed group. Compared with single patients, married or cohabiting (AOR = 0.591; 95% CI: 0.408, 0.856) and divorced or separated (AOR = 0.425, 95% CI: 0.207, 0.873) patients were negatively associated with VL high-risk events. So were patients acquired HIV homosexually (AOR = 0.572; 95% CI: 0.335, 0.978). However, patients who had ART modification were 1.728 times (95% CI: 1.093, 2.732) more likely to have VL high-risk events, and patients who used cotrimoxazole during ART were 1.843 times (95% CI: 1.271, 2.672) more likely to have VL high-risk events. CONCLUSIONS: A VL greater than 200 copies/ml is a VL high-risk event for VF. Intervention measurements should be adopted to optimize the surveillance of ART in patients who are single or widowed, who have ART modification, and who use cotrimoxazole during ART.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Antirétroviraux/usage thérapeutique , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/physiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/épidémiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/mortalité , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Adulte , Chine/épidémiologie , Femelle , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/isolement et purification , Humains , Incidence , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Modèles des risques proportionnels , Études rétrospectives , Taux de survie , Échec thérapeutique , Charge virale
10.
J Virol ; 95(15): e0034221, 2021 07 12.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33980600

RÉSUMÉ

After human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was identified in the early 1980s, intensive work began to understand the molecular basis of HIV-1 gene expression. Subgenomic HIV-1 RNA regions, spread throughout the viral genome, were described to have a negative impact on the nuclear export of some viral transcripts. Those studies revealed an intrinsic RNA code as a new form of nuclear export regulation. Since such regulatory regions were later also identified in other viruses, as well as in cellular genes, it can be assumed that, during evolution, viruses took advantage of them to achieve more sophisticated replication mechanisms. Here, we review HIV-1 cis-acting repressive sequences that have been identified, and we discuss their possible underlying mechanisms and importance. Additionally, we show how current bioinformatic tools might allow more predictive approaches to identify and investigate them.


Sujet(s)
Transport nucléaire actif/génétique , Régulation de l'expression des gènes viraux/génétique , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/croissance et développement , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/génétique , Réplication virale/génétique , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/anatomopathologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Algorithmes , Biologie informatique/méthodes , Génome viral/génétique , Humains , ARN viral/génétique , Produits du gène env du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine/génétique , Produits du gène gag du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine/génétique , Produits du gène pol du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine/génétique
11.
Curr Opin Virol ; 48: 57-64, 2021 06.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33901736

RÉSUMÉ

HIV-1 is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a global pandemic that has claimed 32.7 million lives since 1981. Despite decades of research, there is no cure for the disease, with 38 million people currently infected with HIV. Attractive therapeutic targets for drug development are mature HIV-1 capsids, immature Gag polyprotein assemblies, and Gag maturation intermediates, although their complex architectures, pleomorphism, and dynamics render these assemblies challenging for structural biology. The recent development of integrative approaches, combining experimental and computational methods has enabled atomic-level characterization of structures and dynamics of capsid and Gag assemblies, and revealed their interactions with small-molecule inhibitors and host factors. These structures provide important insights that will guide the development of capsid and maturation inhibitors.


Sujet(s)
Protéines de capside/composition chimique , Protéines de capside/métabolisme , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/physiologie , Assemblage viral/physiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Capside/métabolisme , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/génétique , Humains , Intégration virale , Produits du gène gag du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine/composition chimique , Produits du gène gag du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine/métabolisme
12.
Curr Top Med Chem ; 21(12): 1052-1066, 2021.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33845745

RÉSUMÉ

With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the worldwide AIDS-related deaths have decreased, and life expectancy has increased, including the prevalence of AIDS-related neurological disorders or neuroAIDS. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders such as mild neurocognitive disorder and asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment have largely remained stable or increased among the HIV-infected individuals in the combination antiretroviral therapy era. The emerging evidence that antiretrovirals with high CNS penetration effectiveness score contribute to the neurotoxicity and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders has ushered the search for natural, nontoxic bioactive constituents having pre-established neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and restorative neurocognitive activity. In this review, we have highlighted the probable mechanism of neuroAIDS infection, the problem with the existing antiretroviral therapy, along with various bioactive constituents with in vivo, in vitro, or ex vivo evidence of their neuroprotective activity that can be used as an adjuvant with the current combination antiretroviral therapy regimen or can even serve as an alternate to the antiretrovirals for treatment of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Antirétroviraux/pharmacologie , Produits biologiques/pharmacologie , Troubles neurocognitifs/traitement médicamenteux , Neurones/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/anatomopathologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Antirétroviraux/composition chimique , Antirétroviraux/isolement et purification , Produits biologiques/composition chimique , Produits biologiques/isolement et purification , Humains , Troubles neurocognitifs/anatomopathologie , Troubles neurocognitifs/virologie , Neurones/anatomopathologie , Neurones/virologie
13.
Molecules ; 26(7)2021 Mar 31.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33807292

RÉSUMÉ

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has prevailed over the last 30 years. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased mortality and efficiently controlled the progression of disease, no vaccine or curative drugs have been approved until now. A viral inactivator is expected to inactivate cell-free virions in the absence of target cells. Previously, we identified a gp120-binding protein, mD1.22, which can inactivate laboratory-adapted HIV-1. In this study, we have found that the gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR)-binding antibody D5 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) alone cannot inactivate HIV-1 at the high concentration tested. However, D5 scFv in the combination could enhance inactivation activity of mD1.22 against divergent HIV-1 strains, including HIV-1 laboratory-adapted strains, primary HIV-1 isolates, T20- and AZT-resistant strains, and LRA-reactivated virions. Combining mD1.22 and D5 scFv exhibited synergistic effect on inhibition of infection by divergent HIV-1 strains. These results suggest good potential to develop the strategy of combining a gp120-binding protein and a gp41-binding antibody for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Protéines de transport/pharmacologie , Protéine d'enveloppe gp120 du VIH/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Protéine d'enveloppe gp41 du VIH/antagonistes et inhibiteurs , Inhibiteurs de fusion du VIH/pharmacologie , Protéines recombinantes/pharmacologie , Virion/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Anticorps antiviraux/immunologie , Sites de fixation , Lignée cellulaire , VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)/immunologie , Humains , Anticorps à chaîne unique/immunologie
14.
Lancet HIV ; 8(2): e106-e113, 2021 02.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33539757

RÉSUMÉ

Ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 will require addressing stigma more systematically and at a larger scale than current efforts. Existing global evidence shows that stigma is a barrier to achieving each of the 90-90-90 targets; it undermines HIV testing, linkage to care, treatment adherence, and viral load suppression. However, findings from both research studies and programmatic experience have helped to inform the growing body of knowledge regarding how to reduce stigma, leading to key principles for HIV stigma reduction. These principles include immediately addressing actionable drivers of stigma, centring groups affected by stigma at the core of the response, and engaging opinion leaders and building partnerships between affected groups and opinion leaders. Although there is still room to strengthen research on stigma measurement and reduction, in particular for intersectional stigma, the proliferation of evidence over the past several decades on how to measure and address stigma provides a solid foundation for immediate and comprehensive action.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/prévention et contrôle , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/psychologie , Épidémies/prévention et contrôle , Peur/psychologie , Stigmate social , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/diagnostic , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Agents antiVIH/usage thérapeutique , Femelle , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/croissance et développement , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/pathogénicité , Dépistage du VIH/éthique , Humains , Mâle , Observance par le patient/psychologie , Observance par le patient/statistiques et données numériques , Isolement social/psychologie , Adhésion et observance thérapeutiques/psychologie , Adhésion et observance thérapeutiques/statistiques et données numériques , Charge virale/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques
15.
PLoS One ; 16(2): e0247421, 2021.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33617557

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: HIV is a major global public health challenge, claiming the lives of over 32 million people so far. The satisfaction of HIV-affected clients with the quality of their HIV services at treatment centres is crucial for quality improvement. This article assesses clients' satisfaction with different aspects of the overall care experience and seeks to determine if the type of health facility ownership is a predictor of satisfaction. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 430 respondents was conducted between September and October 2019. Purposeful and convenient sampling techniques were used to select health facilities and potential respondents, respectively. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between type of health facility and clients' satisfaction based on the six assessed aspects of care, and p˂0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The general clients' satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres was 92.3%. Respondents from public health facilities were most satisfied with privacy and confidentiality (100%), physical environment (100%), counseling (99.5%) and drug availability (99.5%); respondents from private health facilities were most satisfied with the time spent in the facility (95.9%); while respondents from faith-based health facilities were most satisfied with staff-patient communication (99.2%). However, after adjusting for confounders, only one aspect of care, that of "time spent in the facility," showed significant association with the type of health facility. CONCLUSION: Generally, clients' satisfaction with HIV/AIDS services at care and treatment centres in the Ubungo District, Dar es Salaam was high. This finding should encourage health care providers to maintain high-quality services to sustain clients' satisfaction.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/psychologie , Infections à VIH/traitement médicamenteux , Infections à VIH/psychologie , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Acceptation des soins par les patients/psychologie , Satisfaction des patients/statistiques et données numériques , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Adulte , Attitude du personnel soignant , Confidentialité/psychologie , Assistance , Études transversales , Femelle , Personnel de santé/psychologie , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Satisfaction personnelle , Vie privée/psychologie , Qualité des soins de santé , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Tanzanie
16.
Dis Mon ; 67(9): 101168, 2021 Sep.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33640175

RÉSUMÉ

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients have depleted CD4 lymphocyte counts and are susceptible to a plethora of infections of bacterial, viral, and fungal etiology. In addition to a wide range of systemic manifestations, human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients also display several characteristic oral manifestations. Studies have shown a correlation between some of the oral manifestations and CD4 lymphocyte counts which in turn is an independent prognostic indicator. To tackle the human immunodeficiency virus numerous drugs have been discovered and implemented. To overcome any potential resistance, human immunodeficiency virus patients are prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy, wherein a combination of antiretroviral regimens are used. Studies have shown that in addition to controlling the viral activity, the treatment regimen, has a significant effect on the oral manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The present paper highlights the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on periodontal diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.


Sujet(s)
Thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active , Infections à VIH , Maladies parodontales , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/complications , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Agents antiVIH/pharmacologie , Agents antiVIH/usage thérapeutique , Numération des lymphocytes CD4 , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine) , Infections à VIH/complications , Infections à VIH/traitement médicamenteux , Humains , Maladies parodontales/complications , Parodonte/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques
17.
Dis Mon ; 67(9): 101169, 2021 Sep.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33640178

RÉSUMÉ

Human immunodeficiency virus has plagued mankind since the 1980's when the first case was documented. Human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunocompromised state can lead to several systemic and local manifestations, which often culminates in mortality. Oral candidiasis was one of the most prevalent opportunistic infections noted in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to a significant reduction in both the mortality and the morbidity of infected patients. The combined antiretroviral therapy has also led to a decrease in the incidence of opportunistic infections including oral candidiasis. Thus, the presence of well-established oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy could be considered as an indicator of potential treatment failure. The present manuscript aims to review the published literature assessing the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.


Sujet(s)
Agents antiVIH/usage thérapeutique , Thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active , Candidose buccale , Infections à VIH , Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA/microbiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/complications , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Candidose buccale/étiologie , Candidose buccale/prévention et contrôle , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine) , Infections à VIH/complications , Infections à VIH/traitement médicamenteux , Humains , Bouche/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Bouche/microbiologie
18.
Dis Mon ; 67(9): 101167, 2021 Sep.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33640179

RÉSUMÉ

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a disease with high mortality rates is caused by the well-known human immunodeficiency virus. The disease is characterized by several opportunistic infections owing to the decreased CD4 lymphocyte counts. Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus are vital as they are one of the early manifestations of the disease. Also, they serve as prognostic markers as they correlate with the CD4 lymphocyte counts of the affected individuals. Human immunodeficiency virus is not only common in the adult population but also can affect pediatric patients through vertical transmission. The initial therapeutic strategy for the management of the virus was only the prevention of opportunistic infections. Later in the mid-1990s, antiretroviral therapy was introduced but there was no significant improvement in prognosis. After the advent of combination therapy or the use of three antiretroviral drugs also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, there has been a marked reduction in human immunodeficiency virus-associated mortality rates. The highly active antiretroviral therapy has several effects on the oral manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus. The present paper aims to review the oral pigmented lesions associated with human immunodeficiency virus with an emphasis on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy.


Sujet(s)
Thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active , Infections à VIH , Maladies de la bouche , Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/complications , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/traitement médicamenteux , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Agents antiVIH/pharmacologie , Agents antiVIH/usage thérapeutique , Numération des lymphocytes CD4 , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine) , Infections à VIH/complications , Infections à VIH/traitement médicamenteux , Humains , Bouche/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Maladies de la bouche/complications
19.
Arch Virol ; 166(5): 1273-1282, 2021 May.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33507389

RÉSUMÉ

In 2006 we discovered a new type of mucosal vaccine against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in Chinese macaques. Here, we review 15 years of our published work on this vaccine, which consists of inactivated SIVmac239 particles adjuvanted with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Lactobacillus plantarum, or Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Without adjuvant, the vaccine administered by the intragastric route induced the usual SIV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses but provided no protection against intrarectal challenge with SIVmac239. In contrast, out of 24 macaques immunized with the adjuvanted vaccine and challenged intrarectally with SIVmac239 or SIVB670, 23 were sterilely protected for up to five years, while all control macaques were infected. This protection was confirmed by an independent group from the Pasteur Institute. During the past 15 years, we have identified the mechanism of action of the vaccine and discovered that the vaccinated macaques produced a previously unrecognized class of MHC-Ib/E-restricted CD8+ T cells (which we refer to as tolerogenic CD8+ T cells) that suppressed the activation of SIV-RNA-infected CD4+ T cells and thereby inhibited the (activation-dependent) reverse transcription of the virus, which in turn prevented the establishment of SIV infection. Importantly, we discovered also that the tolerogenic CD8+ T cell subset observed in vaccinated Chinese macaques could also be found in human elite controllers, a small group of HIV-infected patients in whom these tolerogenic CD8+ T cells were shown to naturally suppress viral replication. Given that SIV and HIV require activated immune cells in which to replicate, the specific prevention of activation of SIV-RNA-containing CD4+ T cells by a tolerogenic vaccine approach offers an exciting new avenue in HIV vaccine research.


Sujet(s)
Vaccins contre le SIDA/immunologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/immunologie , Infections à VIH/immunologie , Virus de l'immunodéficience simienne/immunologie , Vaccins contre le SIDA/administration et posologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/prévention et contrôle , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Animaux , Lymphocytes T CD4+/immunologie , Lymphocytes T CD4+/virologie , Lymphocytes T CD8+/immunologie , Infections à VIH/prévention et contrôle , Infections à VIH/virologie , Humains , Macaca mulatta , Virus de l'immunodéficience simienne/physiologie , Réplication virale
20.
BMC Infect Dis ; 21(1): 71, 2021 Jan 13.
Article de Anglais | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33441089

RÉSUMÉ

BACKGROUND: Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control. METHODS: Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest. RESULTS: Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student's t test, P < 0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11,004.00 (2017), 12,836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/épidémiologie , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/transmission , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/isolement et purification , Hétérosexualité , Prostitution , Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise/virologie , Adolescent , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Chine/épidémiologie , Études transversales , Niveau d'instruction , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Situation de famille , Adulte d'âge moyen , Prévalence , Études rétrospectives , Autorapport , Jeune adulte
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