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1.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(1): e202102373, feb. 2023. ilus
Article de Anglais, Espagnol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1413250

RÉSUMÉ

El síndrome del cascanueces es un síndrome que presenta síntomas clínicos como hematuria, proteinuria ortostática, congestión pélvica, varicocele del lado izquierdo, hipertensión y dolor en fosa renal. Estos síntomas se producen por la compresión de la vena renal izquierda entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior. En el síndrome de Wilkie, la tercera porción del duodeno está comprimida entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta abdominal, lo que provoca diversos síntomas gastrointestinales. La coexistencia de estos dos síndromes constituye una afección rara y se incluye como casos clínicos en la bibliografía. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de un paciente de 17 años que presentaba dolor abdominal recurrente debido al síndrome de Wilkie, acompañado del síndrome del cascanueces que le provocaba proteinuria, por lo que el paciente fue derivado a los consultorios externos de reumatología pediátrica con un diagnóstico preliminar de fiebre mediterránea familiar.


Nutcracker syndrome is a syndrome that has clinical symptoms such as hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria, pelvic congestion, left-sided varicocele, hypertension, and flank pain. These symptoms occur because of the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. In Wilkie's syndrome, the third part of the duodenum is compressed between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, causing various gastrointestinal symptoms. The coexistence of these two syndromes is a rare condition and is included as case reports in the literature. This article presents the clinical and radiological results of a 17-year-old male patient who had recurrent abdominal pain due to Wilkie's syndrome, which was accompanied by nutcracker syndrome that caused proteinuria, and for this reason, the patient was referred to the Pediatric Rheumatology outpatient clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Adolescent , Syndrome du casse-noisette/complications , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Protéinurie/complications , Syndrome de l'artère mésentérique supérieure , Douleur abdominale/étiologie , Artère mésentérique supérieure , Duodénum
2.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 121(1): e202102373, 2023 02 01.
Article de Anglais, Espagnol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36287212

RÉSUMÉ

Nutcracker syndrome is a syndrome that has clinical symptoms such as hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria, pelvic congestion, left-sided varicocele, hypertension, and flank pain. These symptoms occur because of the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. In Wilkie's syndrome, the third part of the duodenum is compressed between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, causing various gastrointestinal symptoms. The coexistence of these two syndromes is a rare condition and is included as case reports in the literature. This article presents the clinical and radiological results of a 17-year-old male patient who had recurrent abdominal pain due to Wilkie's syndrome, which was accompanied by nutcracker syndrome that caused proteinuria, and for this reason, the patient was referred to the Pediatric Rheumatology outpatient clinic with a preliminary diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever.


El síndrome del cascanueces es un síndrome que presenta síntomas clínicos como hematuria, proteinuria ortostática, congestión pélvica, varicocele del lado izquierdo, hipertensión y dolor en fosa renal. Estos síntomas se producen por la compresión de la vena renal izquierda entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior. En el síndrome de Wilkie, la tercera porción del duodeno está comprimida entre la arteria mesentérica superior y la aorta abdominal, lo que provoca diversos síntomas gastrointestinales. La coexistencia de estos dos síndromes constituye una afección rara y se incluye como casos clínicos en la bibliografía. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de un paciente de 17 años que presentaba dolor abdominal recurrente debido al síndrome de Wilkie, acompañado del síndrome del cascanueces que le provocaba proteinuria, por lo que el paciente fue derivado a los consultorios externos de reumatología pediátrica con un diagnóstico preliminar de fiebre mediterránea familiar.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome du casse-noisette , Syndrome de l'artère mésentérique supérieure , Mâle , Enfant , Humains , Adolescent , Douleur abdominale/étiologie , Artère mésentérique supérieure , Duodénum , Syndrome du casse-noisette/complications , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Protéinurie/complications
4.
Medicina (Ribeirao Preto) ; 53(2)jul. 2020. ilus, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358311

RÉSUMÉ

RESUMO: A hematúria é definida como o achado de mais que duas hemácias por campo de aumento na análise microscópica de urina coletada por jato médio. Na sua forma macroscópica, caracteriza-se por sua coloração típica (avermelhada ou marrom), acompanhada pela presença de mais de 106 hemácias/ml na sedimentoscopia. É uma condição que necessita de investigação da causa e apresenta-se com prevalência incerta e definição às vezes imprecisa, mas com vasto diagnóstico diferencial. Dentre as possíveis causas, encontramos a presença do traço falciforme, aparentemente subdiagnosticado, e a síndrome de quebra-nozes, possibilidade mais rara. No caso relatado a seguir, foram diagnosticadas simultaneamente as duas causas acima citadas, descobertas após a investigação do primeiro episódio de hematúria macroscópica em uma mulher jovem previamente hígida. Com o objetivo de chamar a atenção para a concomitância de duas possíveis e incomuns causas de hematúria numa mesma paciente, relatamos o caso a seguir. (AU)


ABSTRACT: Hematuria is defined as the finding more than two red blood cells per field of analysis in the microscopic analysis of the urine collected by the medium jet. In its macroscopic form, it is characterized by its typical coloration (reddish or brown), accompanied by the presence of more than 106 red cells/ml in urinary sediment. It is a condition that needs investigation and it presents itself sometimes with imprecise definition, but with vast differential diagnosis. Among the possible etiologies, there is the presence of the sickle cell trait, apparently underdiagnosed, and the renal nutcracker syndrome, a rarer possibility. In the case reported below, these two findings were diagnosed simultaneously, following an investigation of the first episode of macroscopic hematuria in a young and previously healthy woman. In order to draw attention to the simultaneous presence of two unusual causes of hematuria in the same patient, we report the following case. (AU)


Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Adulte , Trait drépanocytaire , Diagnostic différentiel , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Hématurie/diagnostic
5.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;19: e20180126, 2020. graf
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135093

RÉSUMÉ

Resumo A síndrome do quebra-nozes (ou síndrome de nutcracker) é causada pela compressão da veia renal esquerda pela artéria mesentérica superior e aorta, e está associada a uma sintomatologia característica, como dor no baixo ventre, varicocele e hematúria. O diagnóstico é frequentemente difícil e, portanto, demorado. O tratamento invasivo é controverso, especialmente nos pacientes pediátricos; no entanto, em casos de hematúria severa associada a anemia, insuficiência renal funcional, severa dor pélvica ou ineficácia de tratamento conservador, ele é indicado. É relatado o caso de uma criança do sexo masculino, 12 anos, com quadro de hematúria maciça por 12 horas, sem evidências de alterações à investigação inicial, que evoluiu com anemia intensa e retenção urinária. Investigações futuras evidenciaram imagens sugestivas da síndrome de nutcracker e foi optado pelo tratamento endovascular por implante de stent smart control seguido de balonamento. Paciente cessou a hematúria após o procedimento e permanece assintomático há 5 anos.


Abstract The nutcracker syndrome is caused by compression of the left renal vein by the superior mesenteric artery and aorta and is associated with characteristic symptoms, such as lower abdominal pain, varicocele, and hematuria. Diagnosis is often difficult and, therefore, is often delayed. Invasive treatment is controversial, particularly in pediatric patients. However, it is indicated in cases of gross hematuria associated with anemia, renal function impairment, severe pelvic pain, or ineffective conservative treatment. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy presenting with severe hematuria for 12 hours, with no abnormal findings at a first evaluation, who progressed with severe anemia and urinary retention. Further investigation provided images suggestive of nutcracker syndrome, and endovascular stenting (smart control stent) followed by balloon dilatation was the treatment of choice. Hematuria ceased after the procedure, and the patient is still asymptomatic at 5-year follow-up.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Enfant , Procédures endovasculaires , Syndrome du casse-noisette/chirurgie , Veines rénales , Syndrome du casse-noisette/complications , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Hématurie/complications , Anémie/complications
6.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 79(2): 150-153, 2019.
Article de Espagnol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31048282

RÉSUMÉ

Nutcracker syndrome is a vascular anomaly consisting in the compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Clinical features in nutcracker syndrome include pelvic pain, flank pain, haematuria, gonadal varices or simply asymptomatic. We are presenting two cases, one of them with macroscopic haematuria and flank pain and the other was studied for hypertension but with previous antecedents of left renal vein embolization in the setting of varicocele. We discuss the clinical presentation as well as diagnostic and therapeutic aspects related to this syndrome.


El síndrome del cascanueces es una anomalía vascular en la que se comprime la vena renal izquierda a su paso entre la unión de la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior, debido a un ángulo muy cerrado entre ambas arterias. Clínicamente puede presentarse como hematuria macro o microscópica, dolor episódico en flanco izquierdo, dolor pélvico, várices gonadales o simplemente cursar de forma asintomática. Presentamos dos casos clínicos, uno de ellos con dolor abdominal tipo cólico nefrítico y hematuria macroscópica y otro estudiado por hipertensión pero con antecedentes de embolización de la vena renal izquierda por varicocele izquierdo. Discutimos los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de este síndrome.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Syndrome du casse-noisette/anatomopathologie , Adolescent , Adulte , Angiographie par tomodensitométrie/méthodes , Femelle , Hématurie/diagnostic , Humains , Syndrome du casse-noisette/thérapie , Veines rénales/imagerie diagnostique , Veines rénales/anatomopathologie
7.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);79(2): 150-153, abr. 2019. ilus
Article de Espagnol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002622

RÉSUMÉ

El síndrome del cascanueces es una anomalía vascular en la que se comprime la vena renal izquierda a su paso entre la unión de la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior, debido a un ángulo muy cerrado entre ambas arterias. Clínicamente puede presentarse como hematuria macro o microscópica, dolor episódico en flanco izquierdo, dolor pélvico, várices gonadales o simplemente cursar de forma asintomática. Presentamos dos casos clínicos, uno de ellos con dolor abdominal tipo cólico nefrítico y hematuria macroscópica y otro estudiado por hipertensión pero con antecedentes de embolización de la vena renal izquierda por varicocele izquierdo. Discutimos los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de este síndrome.


Nutcracker syndrome is a vascular anomaly consisting in the compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Clinical features in nutcracker syndrome include pelvic pain, flank pain, haematuria, gonadal varices or simply asymptomatic. We are presenting two cases, one of them with macroscopic haematuria and flank pain and the other was studied for hypertension but with previous antecedents of left renal vein embolization in the setting of varicocele. We discuss the clinical presentation as well as diagnostic and therapeutic aspects related to this syndrome.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Adolescent , Adulte , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Syndrome du casse-noisette/anatomopathologie , Veines rénales/anatomopathologie , Veines rénales/imagerie diagnostique , Syndrome du casse-noisette/thérapie , Angiographie par tomodensitométrie/méthodes , Hématurie/diagnostic
8.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;18: e20180135, 2019. ilus
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012623

RÉSUMÉ

A dor pélvica crônica é uma doença debilitante, com impacto na qualidade de vida e custos para os serviços de saúde. A síndrome de quebra-nozes é uma importante causa dessa dor, e se refere a um conjunto de sinais secundários à compressão da veia renal esquerda, mais comumente entre a artéria mesentérica superior e a aorta. Seu tratamento ainda permanece controverso e varia de acordo com a gravidade clínica do paciente. Contudo, a técnica endovascular com implante de stent em veia renal tem obtido excelentes resultados. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente de 59 anos submetida a correção endovascular com stent autoexpansível de nitinol. São apresentados dados clínicos, detalhes do procedimento e resultados do acompanhamento dessa paciente. O sucesso técnico foi obtido e não houve relato de complicações pós-operatórias. Pôde-se observar alívio dos sintomas e melhora nos exames de imagem realizados no acompanhamento de curto prazo


Chronic pelvic pain is a debilitating disease that directly impacts on quality of life and generates costs for health services. Nutcracker Syndrome is an important cause of pelvic pain and consists of a set of signs secondary to compression of the left renal vein, most commonly between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Treatment remains controversial and varies depending on the patient's clinical severity. However, endovascular treatment with renal vein stenting has achieved excellent results. We report the case of a 59 year-old female treated by endovascular repair with a self-expanding nitinol stent. Clinical data, details of the procedure, and follow-up results are presented. Technical success was achieved and there patient reported no postoperative complications. Short-term, there was relief from symptoms and follow-up imaging tests showed improvement


Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Procédures endovasculaires/méthodes , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Syndrome du casse-noisette/thérapie , Pelvis , Veines rénales , Phlébographie/méthodes , Tomographie/méthodes , Endoprothèses , Prévalence , Artère mésentérique supérieure , Sténose pathologique , Membre inférieur , Traitement médicamenteux/méthodes , Embolisation thérapeutique/méthodes
9.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;18: e20190037, 2019. ilus
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040372

RÉSUMÉ

A síndrome de nutcracker é manifesta na presença de um aprisionamento sintomático da veia renal esquerda entre a aorta abdominal e a artéria mesentérica superior. Uma variação mais efêmera desta desordem é dita síndrome de nutcracker posterior, quando a compressão da veia renal não mais ocorre frontalmente à aorta, mas posteriormente a ela, entre esta e a coluna vertebral. A despeito de variáveis opções terapêuticas, as técnicas presentes visam aliviar os sintomas e diminuir a pressão venosa da veia renal esquerda. Este relato descreve um caso de Síndrome de nutcracker posterior, em que a abordagem de escolha foi a cirurgia aberta, transpondo distalmente a veia gonadal esquerda na veia cava inferior


The Nutcracker Syndrome is manifest in the presence of a symptomatic entrapment of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. In a more ephemeral variation of this disorder, called the Posterior Nutcracker Syndrome, the renal vein is not compressed anterior to the aorta, but posteriorly, between the artery and the spine. Although there are multiple treatment options, current techniques aim to relieve the symptoms and reduce venous pressure on the left renal vein. This report describes a case of Posterior Nutcracker Syndrome in which the management approach chosen was open surgery, transposing the gonadal vein distally, to the inferior cava vein


Sujet(s)
Douleur abdominale , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Syndrome du casse-noisette/thérapie , Aorte abdominale , Veines rénales , Veine cave inférieure , Tomodensitométrie/méthodes , Artère mésentérique supérieure , Procédures endovasculaires/méthodes
10.
J. vasc. bras ; J. vasc. bras;17(3)jul.-set. 2018. graf
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-916209

RÉSUMÉ

A síndrome de quebra-nozes é caracterizada por um grupo de manifestações clínicas que ocorrem por conta da compressão da veia renal esquerda. Seus principais sintomas são macro e micro-hematúria, proteinúria e dor no flanco. O diagnóstico é geralmente realizado após a exclusão de outras causas mais comuns, por conta da ausência de critérios clínicos para diagnóstico. Sua confirmação é feita por exames de imagem, com uso da ultrassonografia Doppler e tomografia computadorizada. O tratamento pode variar com as características do paciente e com a gravidade dos sintomas, e inclui o tratamento conservador, a cirurgia aberta e a cirurgia endovascular. Atualmente, a cirurgia aberta continua sendo a linha de frente, mas abordagens menos invasivas vêm ganhando cada vez mais espaço


The nutcracker syndrome is characterized by a group of clinical manifestations caused by compression of the Left Renal Vein. The main symptoms are: macro and micro hematuria, proteinuria, and flank pain. Diagnosis is usually made after excluding other causes, because there are no clinical criteria for diagnosis. Confirmation is by Doppler ultrasonography or computed tomography. Treatment can vary, depending on patient characteristics and the severity of the symptoms, while conservative treatment, open surgery, and endovascular surgery may be employed. Currently, open surgery is still the first-line treatment, but some less invasive approaches are gaining acceptance


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Diagnostic , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Syndrome du casse-noisette/thérapie , Thérapeutique , Aorte abdominale/imagerie diagnostique , Traitement conservateur/méthodes , Procédures endovasculaires/méthodes , Hématurie/diagnostic , Veines mésentériques , Néphrectomie/méthodes , Douleur pelvienne/étiologie , Veines rénales , Revue de la littérature , Endoprothèses , Procédures de chirurgie opératoire/méthodes , Tomographie/méthodes , Échographie-doppler/méthodes
11.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 115(2): 165-168, 2017 04 01.
Article de Anglais, Espagnol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28318183

RÉSUMÉ

The term nutcracker syndrome (NS) refers to the compression of left renal vein between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) causing renal venous hypertension. The symptoms vary from asymptomatic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with NS and the correlation between clinical and laboratory findings with Doppler sonographic measurements. Sixty-three patients were evaluated (19 boys and 44 girls) since January 2004 to January 2014. The mean age of the patients was 12.21 ± 3.21 years (range 7-17). Hematuria and proteinuria disappeared during the follow up of 9/63 patients. These nine patients showed statistically significant difference in upright SMA angles (p= 0.035). Doppler sonographic evaluation is a non-invasive method for diagnosis NS. Upright SMA angle measurement is more efficient than supine SMA angle measurement on clinicoradiological correlation.


Se llama ô€€€síndrome del cascanuecesô€€€ a la compresión de la vena renal izquierda entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior (AMS) que causa hipertensión venosa renal. Los síntomas varían desde hematuria asintomática hasta congestión pélvica grave. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las características clínicas de pacientes con síndrome del cascanueces y la correlación entre los datos clínicos y analíticos, y los resultados de las ecografías Doppler. De enero de 2004 a enero de 2014, se evaluaron 63 pacientes (19 niños y 44 niñas). La media de la edad de los pacientes fue de 12,21 ± 3,21 años (intervalo: 7-17). Durante el seguimiento, la hematuria y la proteinuria desaparecieron en 9 de 63 pacientes. Estos 9 pacientes mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa del ángulo entre la aorta y la AMS (p= 0,035) en la medición en posición erguida. La evaluación mediante ecografía Doppler es un método no invasivo para el diagnóstico del síndrome del cascanueces. En la correlación clínico-radiológica, la medición del ángulo aorto-mesentérico en posición erguida es más eficaz que en decúbito supino.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Adolescent , Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Syndrome du casse-noisette/imagerie diagnostique , Études rétrospectives , Échographie-doppler
12.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 114(2): e114-6, 2016 Apr.
Article de Anglais, Espagnol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27079405

RÉSUMÉ

The left renal vein (LRV) has many developmental variations; the two most common are the circumaortic and the retrocaval. Anterior nutcracker syndrome is the compression of the LRV between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, whereas posterior nutcracker syndrome occurs between the vertebral column and the aorta. An adolescent male (aged 16 years) was referred to the emergency department for flank pain. CT findings showed the combination of anterior and posterior nutcracker syndrome in the left circumaortic renal vein, which has not previously been described in an adolescent.


La vena renal izquierda (VRI) presenta diversas variantes en su desarrollo; las dos más frecuentes son la circumaórtica y la retroaórtica. El síndrome del cascanueces anterior es la compresión de la VRI entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior, mientras que el síndrome del cascanueces posterior se produce entre la columna vertebral y la aorta. Derivaron a un varón adolescente (16 años de edad) a la sala de emergencias debido a dolor en una de las fosas renales. En la tomografía computada se halló la combinación de síndrome del cascanueces anterior y posterior en la vena renal izquierda circumaórtica, circunstancia nunca antes descrita en un adolescente.


Sujet(s)
Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Veines rénales/anatomopathologie , Adolescent , Sténose pathologique , Humains , Mâle
13.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 114(2): e114-e116, abr. 2016. ilus
Article de Anglais, Espagnol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-838196

RÉSUMÉ

La vena renal izquierda (VRI) presenta diversas variantes en su desarrollo; las dos más frecuentes son la circumaórtica y la retroaórtica. El síndrome del cascanueces anterior es la compresión de la VRI entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior, mientras que el síndrome del cascanueces posterior se produce entre la columna vertebral y la aorta. Derivaron a un varón adolescente (16 años de edad) a la sala de emergencias debido a dolor en una de las fosas renales. En la tomografía computada se halló la combinación de síndrome del cascanueces anterior y posterior en la vena renal izquierda circumaórtica, circunstancia nunca antes descrita en un adolescente.


The left renal vein (LRV) has many developmental variations; the two most common are the circumaortic and the retrocaval. Anterior nutcracker syndrome is the compression of the LRV between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery, whereas posterior nutcracker syndrome occurs between the vertebral column and the aorta. An adolescent male (aged 16 years) was referred to the emergency department for flank pain. CT findings showed the combination of anterior and posterior nutcracker syndrome in the left circumaortic renal vein, which has not previously been described in an adolescent.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Adolescent , Veines rénales/anatomopathologie , Sténose pathologique , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic
15.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 85(2): 242-251, abr.-jun. 2013.
Article de Espagnol | LILACS | ID: lil-678136

RÉSUMÉ

El fenómeno cascanueces es una compresión de la vena renal izquierda, lo más frecuente es el ángulo formado por la arteria aorta y la mesentérica superior, por una emergencia anormal de la mesentérica. Cuando aparecen síntomas derivados de esta anomalía se le denomina síndrome de cascanueces. Este síndrome puede producir síntomas y signos muy variados, pero entre ellos, la hematuria, la proteinuria ortostática, el varicocele, la congestión pélvica crónica, el dolor abdominal y en flanco, y la intolerancia ortostática son los más frecuentes. La hematuria y la proteinuria ortostática son 2 manifestaciones que frecuentemente tienen que enfrentar el médico general integral y el pediatra, y es necesario tener en cuenta al síndrome de cascanueces en el diagnóstico diferencial de estas alteraciones. La hematuria es muy frecuente y la proteinuria ortostática tiene como causa principal el síndrome cascanueces. Por tal motivo consideramos importante esta breve revisión del tema, para poder enfrentar estas situaciones teniendo en cuenta todas sus posibilidades diagnósticas


Nutcracker phenomenon is left renal vein compression, more frequently in the angle formed by the aorta artery and the superior mesenteric artery due to abnormal emergency of the mesentery. When symptoms derived from this anomaly occur, this situation is called nutcracker syndrome. It may cause very varied symptoms and signs such as hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria, varicocele, chronic pelvic congestion, abdominal pain and flank pain, and orthostatic intolerance as the most common ones. Hematuria and orthostatic proteinuria are two frequent manifestations that the family physician and the pediatrician must face, so it is necessary to take the nutcracker syndrome into account for the differential diagnosis of these alterations. Hematuria is more frequent and orthostatic proteinuria is mainly caused by the nutcracker syndrome. Therefore, we consider that this brief review on this topic is important to cope with these situations and to bear in mind all their diagnostic possibilities


Sujet(s)
Humains , Hématurie/complications , Protéinurie/complications , Protéinurie/étiologie , Syndrome du casse-noisette/complications , Syndrome du casse-noisette/diagnostic , Diagnostic différentiel
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