Does sEMG normalization change results on sex differences in the activation of the shoulder girdle muscles during a simulated work task?

The aim was to investigate if the method of normalizing surface electromyography (sEMG) can change results on sex differences in the muscular activation of the shoulder girdle muscles during a simulated work task. sEMG was recorded in 36 asymptomatic participants (17 females, 19 males) from four parts of trapezius and from serratus anterior muscles during a simulated work task. Four normalization methods, one involving maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and three involving submaximal voluntary contractions were applied. Sex differences in absolute and normalized amplitude of sEMG were analyzed. The normalization method had a significant influence on the observed sex differences. Females only showed higher sEMG amplitude than males when the sEMGs were normalized to MVC and to a submaximal contraction based on 20% of MVC for the upper trapezius (acromial fibers). Researchers and practitioners should be aware of the impact of the sEMG normalization method in sex differences investigation.

Social inequalities in the prevalence of indicators of active aging in the Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2013. / Desigualdades sociais na prevalência de indicadores de envelhecimento ativo na população brasileira: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze social inequalities in the prevalence of indicators of active aging in the Brazilian older adult population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 11,177 older adults who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013. We estimated the prevalence of five domains of active aging (social activities, civic engagement, leisure-time physical activity, paid work, and volunteer work) according to gender, ethnicity, schooling, income, and private health insurance. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The percentage of involvement in organized social activities, civic engagement, and physical activity was 25.1, 12.4, and 13.1%, respectively. Regarding work, 20.7% of the sample had a paid job, and 9.7% participated in volunteer work. Women had a higher prevalence of participation in organized social activities and volunteer work; while civic engagement and paid work were more frequent among men. White people were more likely to participate in social activities, volunteer work, and leisure-time physical activity, explained by their schooling. The strata with a higher level of schooling, income, and who had private health insurance showed a greater incidence of participation in all activities studied. CONCLUSION: The five activities analyzed are challenging for the proposed policy of active aging, as they are marked by considerable social inequality.

OBJETIVO: Analisar desigualdades sociais na prevalência de indicadores de envelhecimento ativo na população idosa brasileira. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra de 11.177 idosos que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Brasil em 2013. Estimaram-se as prevalências de cinco domínios do envelhecimento ativo (atividades sociais, participação cívica, atividade física de lazer, trabalho remunerado e trabalho voluntário) segundo sexo, raça/cor, escolaridade, renda e posse de plano privado de saúde. As razões de prevalência e os intervalos de confiança foram calculados pela regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: O percentual de envolvimento em atividades sociais organizadas, participação cívica e atividade física foi de 25,1; 12,4 e 13,1%, respectivamente. Em relação ao trabalho, 20,7% exerciam trabalho remunerado e 9,7% participavam de trabalho voluntário. As mulheres apresentaram maiores prevalências de participação em atividades sociais organizadas e em trabalho voluntário; e entre os homens prevaleceu a participação cívica e o trabalho remunerado. Entre os brancos, foram observadas maiores frequências de participação em atividades sociais, trabalho voluntário e atividade física de lazer, explicadas pela escolaridade. E os estratos com maior nível de escolaridade, renda e com posse de plano privado de saúde apresentaram maiores prevalências de participação em todas as atividades consideradas. CONCLUSÃO: As cinco atividades analisadas se apresentam como desafiadoras à proposta política de envelhecimento ativo por serem marcadas por considerável desigualdade social.

[Work ability and functional aging: a Systemic Analysis of the Literature using ProkNow-C (Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist)]. / Capacidade para o trabalho e envelhecimento funcional: análise Sistêmica da Literatura utilizando o PROKNOW-C (Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist).

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) data indicate that the elderly population of Brazil numbering 11% in 2003, will attain 33.7% by 2060. This aging process can be diagnosed from the capability workers possess for their labor activities. ProKnow-C was used to conduct the review, carrying out bibliometric and systemic analysis of the literature on the subject. The results led to the compilation of a portfolio with 29 papers, highlighting the most relevant journals, authors and keywords. Systemic analysis provided important results: survey methodology was applied on 26 papers, 21 of which were cross-sectional studies; in all the papers the WAI was associated with sociodemographic data; in 10 studies it was found that the work ability decreased while age increased and the practice of physical exercises was positively associated with the WAI in 11 studies. The results led to the perception that the WAI is an instrument that makes it possible to diagnose the situation of the working life of employees, and, in the case of low rates, the presence of early functional aging is detected. The study highlighted the importance of assessing aspects of the worker's social life, since these factors influence the work ability positively or negatively.

Dados do IBGE apontam que a população idosa do Brasil que era de 11%, em 2013, passará a ser de 33,7%, em 2060. Este processo de envelhecimento pode ser diagnosticado a partir da capacidade que o trabalhador dispõe para suas atividades laborais. Para realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, utilizou-se o PROKNOW-C, realizando a análise bibliométrica e sistêmica da literatura. Os resultados levaram a constituição de um portfólio com 29 artigos, destacando-se os periódicos de maior relevância, autores e palavras-chaves. A análise sistêmica proporcionou importantes resultados: a metodologia survey foi aplicada em 26 artigos; 21 estudos são cortes transversais; constatou-se que em 10 estudos a capacidade para o trabalho diminui com o avanço da idade e a prática de exercícios físicos foi associada positivamente com o ICT em 11 estudos. Os resultados confirmam que o ICT é um instrumento que permite diagnosticar a situação da vida laboral dos trabalhadores, e, em caso de baixos índices, a presença de um envelhecimento funcional precoce. O estudo possibilitou ressaltar a importância de avaliar aspectos da vida social do trabalhador, uma vez que estes fatores influenciam positiva ou negativamente na capacidade para o trabalho.

Rapid office strain assessment (ROSA): Cross cultural validity, reliability and structural validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version.

Forty-three occupational health professionals (observers) and 90 workers were enrolled in this study to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Rapid Office Strain Assessment into Brazilian Portuguese (ROSA-Br) and evaluate its psychometric properties. After cross-cultural adaptation, the measurement properties were checked in three stages: study 1: pre-testing (27 observers rated 15 office worker videos), study 2: intra- and inter-observer reliability (26 observers rated 15 office worker videos), and study 3: validity and accuracy of ROSA-Br final scores (90 office workers). For the ROSA scores, acceptable intraclass correlation coefficients were found for 75% and 86% of the intra-observer reliability comparisons for non-trained and trained observers, respectively, and for 100% of the inter-observer reliability comparisons (0.43-0.86). For construct validity, moderate correlations were observed for 70% of the comparisons between ROSA final scores and other ergonomic instruments. Moderate accuracy was observed for a ROSA-Br final score of 6 (AUC [area under the curve] = 0.72, 0.89). Taken together, these results support the use of the ROSA-Br for ergonomic field assessments and research.

Capacidade para o trabalho e envelhecimento funcional: análise Sistêmica da Literatura utilizando o PROKNOW-C (Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist) / Work ability and functional aging: a Systemic Analysis of the Literature using ProkNow-C (Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist)

Resumo Dados do IBGE apontam que a população idosa do Brasil que era de 11%, em 2013, passará a ser de 33,7%, em 2060. Este processo de envelhecimento pode ser diagnosticado a partir da capacidade que o trabalhador dispõe para suas atividades laborais. Para realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, utilizou-se o PROKNOW-C, realizando a análise bibliométrica e sistêmica da literatura. Os resultados levaram a constituição de um portfólio com 29 artigos, destacando-se os periódicos de maior relevância, autores e palavras-chaves. A análise sistêmica proporcionou importantes resultados: a metodologia survey foi aplicada em 26 artigos; 21 estudos são cortes transversais; constatou-se que em 10 estudos a capacidade para o trabalho diminui com o avanço da idade e a prática de exercícios físicos foi associada positivamente com o ICT em 11 estudos. Os resultados confirmam que o ICT é um instrumento que permite diagnosticar a situação da vida laboral dos trabalhadores, e, em caso de baixos índices, a presença de um envelhecimento funcional precoce. O estudo possibilitou ressaltar a importância de avaliar aspectos da vida social do trabalhador, uma vez que estes fatores influenciam positiva ou negativamente na capacidade para o trabalho.

Abstract Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) data indicate that the elderly population of Brazil numbering 11% in 2003, will attain 33.7% by 2060. This aging process can be diagnosed from the capability workers possess for their labor activities. ProKnow-C was used to conduct the review, carrying out bibliometric and systemic analysis of the literature on the subject. The results led to the compilation of a portfolio with 29 papers, highlighting the most relevant journals, authors and keywords. Systemic analysis provided important results: survey methodology was applied on 26 papers, 21 of which were cross-sectional studies; in all the papers the WAI was associated with sociodemographic data; in 10 studies it was found that the work ability decreased while age increased and the practice of physical exercises was positively associated with the WAI in 11 studies. The results led to the perception that the WAI is an instrument that makes it possible to diagnose the situation of the working life of employees, and, in the case of low rates, the presence of early functional aging is detected. The study highlighted the importance of assessing aspects of the worker's social life, since these factors influence the work ability positively or negatively.

Desigualdades sociais na prevalência de indicadores de envelhecimento ativo na população brasileira: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013 / Social inequalities in the prevalence of indicators of active aging in the Brazilian population: National Health Survey, 2013

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar desigualdades sociais na prevalência de indicadores de envelhecimento ativo na população idosa brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra de 11.177 idosos que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Brasil em 2013. Estimaram-se as prevalências de cinco domínios do envelhecimento ativo (atividades sociais, participação cívica, atividade física de lazer, trabalho remunerado e trabalho voluntário) segundo sexo, raça/cor, escolaridade, renda e posse de plano privado de saúde. As razões de prevalência e os intervalos de confiança foram calculados pela regressão de Poisson. Resultados: O percentual de envolvimento em atividades sociais organizadas, participação cívica e atividade física foi de 25,1; 12,4 e 13,1%, respectivamente. Em relação ao trabalho, 20,7% exerciam trabalho remunerado e 9,7% participavam de trabalho voluntário. As mulheres apresentaram maiores prevalências de participação em atividades sociais organizadas e em trabalho voluntário; e entre os homens prevaleceu a participação cívica e o trabalho remunerado. Entre os brancos, foram observadas maiores frequências de participação em atividades sociais, trabalho voluntário e atividade física de lazer, explicadas pela escolaridade. E os estratos com maior nível de escolaridade, renda e com posse de plano privado de saúde apresentaram maiores prevalências de participação em todas as atividades consideradas. Conclusão: As cinco atividades analisadas se apresentam como desafiadoras à proposta política de envelhecimento ativo por serem marcadas por considerável desigualdade social.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze social inequalities in the prevalence of indicators of active aging in the Brazilian older adult population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 11,177 older adults who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey in 2013. We estimated the prevalence of five domains of active aging (social activities, civic engagement, leisure-time physical activity, paid work, and volunteer work) according to gender, ethnicity, schooling, income, and private health insurance. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. Results: The percentage of involvement in organized social activities, civic engagement, and physical activity was 25.1, 12.4, and 13.1%, respectively. Regarding work, 20.7% of the sample had a paid job, and 9.7% participated in volunteer work. Women had a higher prevalence of participation in organized social activities and volunteer work; while civic engagement and paid work were more frequent among men. White people were more likely to participate in social activities, volunteer work, and leisure-time physical activity, explained by their schooling. The strata with a higher level of schooling, income, and who had private health insurance showed a greater incidence of participation in all activities studied. Conclusion: The five activities analyzed are challenging for the proposed policy of active aging, as they are marked by considerable social inequality.

Active aging: prevalence and gender and age differences in a population-based study. / Envelhecimento ativo: prevalência e diferenças de gênero e idade em estudo de base populacional.

The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence rates and gender and age differences in indicators of active aging in elders participating in the Campinas Municipal Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil (2014-2015). We estimated prevalence rates for participation by the elderly in twelve activities pertaining to four dimensions and calculated the prevalence ratios with Poisson regression. The study population consisted of 986 elderly. The results showed that 40.2% of the elderly participated in sociocultural activities, 25.3% were physically active in their leisure time, 21.7% used the Internet, 22.1% performed paid work, and only 2.6% were taking courses. In the social dimension, the only gender difference was in religious practice, which was less prevalent in men (PR = 0.67). In the dimension of physical activity, men were more active at work (PR = 2.10), in commuting (PR = 1.61), and in their leisure time (PR = 1.44). There was no gender difference in the intellectual dimension, and men were more active in paid work, (PR = 1.78). The analyses by age brackets showed that in men, only physical activity at work and paid work presented lower prevalence in the group eighty years and older. Among the oldest elderly women, lower prevalence rates were seen in six activities, which suggests a possible differential effect of advanced age between the sexes. The results show important rates of participation by elderly in some indicators of active aging, besides challenges in activities that are performed rarely and gender differences in participation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as prevalências e as diferenças de gênero e idade em indicadores de envelhecimento ativo entre idosos participantes do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, 2014-2015. Estimaram-se as prevalências de participação dos idosos em doze atividades relativas a quatro dimensões, e as razões de prevalência foram calculadas pela regressão de Poisson. A população de estudo foi composta por 986 idosos. Os resultados revelaram que 40,2% dos idosos participavam de atividades socioculturais, 25,3% eram fisicamente ativos no lazer, 21,7% usavam a Internet, 22,1% exerciam trabalho remunerado e apenas 2,6% realizavam cursos. Quanto à dimensão social, só houve diferença entre os sexos na frequência aos cultos religiosos, sendo menos prevalente entre os homens (RP = 0,67). Na dimensão da atividade física, os homens eram mais ativos no trabalho (RP = 2,10), no deslocamento (RP = 1,61) e no lazer (RP = 1,44). Na dimensão intelectual, não houve diferença entre os sexos e, em relação ao trabalho remunerado, os homens eram mais ativos (RP = 1,78). As análises segundo faixas etárias evidenciaram que, entre os homens, apenas a prática de atividade física no trabalho e o exercício de trabalho remunerado apresentaram menor prevalência no grupo de 80 anos e mais. Entre as mulheres mais longevas, foram identificadas menores prevalências em seis atividades, o que sinaliza possível efeito diverso do avanço da idade entre os sexos. Os resultados revelam expressiva participação dos idosos em alguns dos indicadores do envelhecimento ativo e os desafios no que concerne às atividades pouco realizadas e às diferenças de participação entre os sexos.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las tasas de prevalencia y las diferencias de género y edad en los indicadores de envejecimiento activo en adultos mayores que participan en la Encuesta de Salud del Municipio de Campinas, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (2014-2015). Estimamos las tasas de prevalencia para la participación de los ancianos en doce actividades relacionadas con cuatro dimensiones y calculamos las tasas de prevalencia con la regresión de Poisson. La población de estudio consistió en 986 ancianos. Los resultados mostraron que el 40,2% de los adultos mayores participaban en actividades socioculturales, el 25,3% era físicamente activo en su tiempo libre, el 21,7% utilizaba Internet, el 22,1% realizaba trabajo remunerado y solo el 2,6% asistía a cursos. En la dimensión social, la única diferencia de género estaba en la práctica religiosa, que era menos frecuente en los hombres (RP = 0,67). En la dimensión de la actividad física, los hombres eran más activos en el trabajo (PR = 2,10), en los desplazamientos diarios (PR = 1,61) y en su tiempo libre (PR = 1,44). No hubo diferencia de género en la dimensión intelectual, y los hombres eran más activos en el trabajo remunerado, (PR = 1,78). Los análisis por grupos de edad mostraron que en los hombres, solo la actividad física en el trabajo y el trabajo remunerado presentaron una prevalencia más baja en el grupo de 80 años y más. Entre las mujeres ancianas de mayor edad, se observaron tasas de prevalencia más bajas en seis actividades, lo que sugiere un posible efecto diferencial de la edad avanzada entre los sexos. Los resultados muestran tasas importantes de participación de personas mayores en algunos indicadores de envejecimiento activo, además de desafíos en actividades que se realizan con poca frecuencia y diferencias de género en la participación.

The association between multisite musculoskeletal pain and cardiac autonomic modulation during work, leisure and sleep - a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The prevention and rehabilitation of multisite musculoskeletal pain would benefit from studies aiming to understand its underlying mechanism. Autonomic imbalance is a suggested mechanism for multisite pain, but hardly been studied during normal daily living. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the association between multisite musculoskeletal pain and cardiac autonomic modulation during work, leisure and sleep. METHODS: This study is based on data from the "Danish Physical activity cohort with objective measurements" among 568 blue-collar workers. Pain intensity scales were dichotomized according to the median of each scale, and the number of pain sites was calculated. No site was regarded as the pain-free, one site was considered as single-site musculoskeletal pain and pain in two or more sites was regarded as multisite musculoskeletal pain. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured by an electrocardiogram system (ActiHeart) and physical activity using accelerometers (Actigraph). Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were applied to investigate the association between groups and cardiac autonomic regulation during work, leisure and sleep. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups and no significant interaction between groups and domains in the crude or adjusted models for any HRV index. Significant differences between domains were found in the crude and adjusted model for all indices, except SDNN; sleep time showed higher values than leisure and work time, except for LF and LF/HF, which were higher during work. CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study showed that multisite musculoskeletal pain is not associated with imbalanced cardiac autonomic regulation during work, leisure and sleep time.

Envelhecimento ativo: prevalência e diferenças de gênero e idade em estudo de base populacional / Envejecimiento activo: prevalencia y diferencias de género y edad en estudio de base poblacional / Active aging: prevalence and gender and age differences in a population-based study

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as prevalências e as diferenças de gênero e idade em indicadores de envelhecimento ativo entre idosos participantes do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, 2014-2015. Estimaram-se as prevalências de participação dos idosos em doze atividades relativas a quatro dimensões, e as razões de prevalência foram calculadas pela regressão de Poisson. A população de estudo foi composta por 986 idosos. Os resultados revelaram que 40,2% dos idosos participavam de atividades socioculturais, 25,3% eram fisicamente ativos no lazer, 21,7% usavam a Internet, 22,1% exerciam trabalho remunerado e apenas 2,6% realizavam cursos. Quanto à dimensão social, só houve diferença entre os sexos na frequência aos cultos religiosos, sendo menos prevalente entre os homens (RP = 0,67). Na dimensão da atividade física, os homens eram mais ativos no trabalho (RP = 2,10), no deslocamento (RP = 1,61) e no lazer (RP = 1,44). Na dimensão intelectual, não houve diferença entre os sexos e, em relação ao trabalho remunerado, os homens eram mais ativos (RP = 1,78). As análises segundo faixas etárias evidenciaram que, entre os homens, apenas a prática de atividade física no trabalho e o exercício de trabalho remunerado apresentaram menor prevalência no grupo de 80 anos e mais. Entre as mulheres mais longevas, foram identificadas menores prevalências em seis atividades, o que sinaliza possível efeito diverso do avanço da idade entre os sexos. Os resultados revelam expressiva participação dos idosos em alguns dos indicadores do envelhecimento ativo e os desafios no que concerne às atividades pouco realizadas e às diferenças de participação entre os sexos.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las tasas de prevalencia y las diferencias de género y edad en los indicadores de envejecimiento activo en adultos mayores que participan en la Encuesta de Salud del Municipio de Campinas, estado de São Paulo, Brasil (2014-2015). Estimamos las tasas de prevalencia para la participación de los ancianos en doce actividades relacionadas con cuatro dimensiones y calculamos las tasas de prevalencia con la regresión de Poisson. La población de estudio consistió en 986 ancianos. Los resultados mostraron que el 40,2% de los adultos mayores participaban en actividades socioculturales, el 25,3% era físicamente activo en su tiempo libre, el 21,7% utilizaba Internet, el 22,1% realizaba trabajo remunerado y solo el 2,6% asistía a cursos. En la dimensión social, la única diferencia de género estaba en la práctica religiosa, que era menos frecuente en los hombres (RP = 0,67). En la dimensión de la actividad física, los hombres eran más activos en el trabajo (PR = 2,10), en los desplazamientos diarios (PR = 1,61) y en su tiempo libre (PR = 1,44). No hubo diferencia de género en la dimensión intelectual, y los hombres eran más activos en el trabajo remunerado, (PR = 1,78). Los análisis por grupos de edad mostraron que en los hombres, solo la actividad física en el trabajo y el trabajo remunerado presentaron una prevalencia más baja en el grupo de 80 años y más. Entre las mujeres ancianas de mayor edad, se observaron tasas de prevalencia más bajas en seis actividades, lo que sugiere un posible efecto diferencial de la edad avanzada entre los sexos. Los resultados muestran tasas importantes de participación de personas mayores en algunos indicadores de envejecimiento activo, además de desafíos en actividades que se realizan con poca frecuencia y diferencias de género en la participación.

The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence rates and gender and age differences in indicators of active aging in elders participating in the Campinas Municipal Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil (2014-2015). We estimated prevalence rates for participation by the elderly in twelve activities pertaining to four dimensions and calculated the prevalence ratios with Poisson regression. The study population consisted of 986 elderly. The results showed that 40.2% of the elderly participated in sociocultural activities, 25.3% were physically active in their leisure time, 21.7% used the Internet, 22.1% performed paid work, and only 2.6% were taking courses. In the social dimension, the only gender difference was in religious practice, which was less prevalent in men (PR = 0.67). In the dimension of physical activity, men were more active at work (PR = 2.10), in commuting (PR = 1.61), and in their leisure time (PR = 1.44). There was no gender difference in the intellectual dimension, and men were more active in paid work, (PR = 1.78). The analyses by age brackets showed that in men, only physical activity at work and paid work presented lower prevalence in the group eighty years and older. Among the oldest elderly women, lower prevalence rates were seen in six activities, which suggests a possible differential effect of advanced age between the sexes. The results show important rates of participation by elderly in some indicators of active aging, besides challenges in activities that are performed rarely and gender differences in participation.

[The aging process and work: a case study in the maintenance engineering division of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil]. / Processo de envelhecimento e trabalho: estudo de caso no setor de engenharia de manutenção de um hospital público do Município de São Paulo, Brasil.

This study aimed to identify and analyze the relations between aging and work. This was a case study in the maintenance engineering division of a high-complexity hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In September and October 2015, 16 semi-structured interviews were held with the division heads and other workers with a minimum age of 50 years. The data were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Although the workers experienced difficulties resulting from the aging process, these did not prevent them from performing their work activities, since they developed strategies through their knowhow to compensate for their functional losses and/or declines. Still, they felt limited and demotivated due to the poor working conditions, outsourcing of the division, and the prevailing workload organization. Thus, in this division, the working conditions and organization had more impact than the aging process on the individuals' daily work routine.

Objetivou-se conhecer e analisar as relações entre processo de envelhecimento e trabalho. Trata-se de estudo de caso desenvolvido em um setor de engenharia de manutenção de um hospital de alta complexidade do Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Entre os meses de setembro e outubro de 2015, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas com chefias e demais trabalhadores com idade mínima de 50 anos. Os dados foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdo. Constatou-se que, embora os trabalhadores encontrem dificuldades decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento, elas não inviabilizaram a realização das atividades de trabalho, pois desenvolveram estratégias para compensar as perdas e/ou declínios funcionais por meio de seu saber-fazer. Contudo, sentem-se limitados e desmotivados devido às más condições de trabalho oferecidas, terceirização do setor e à atual organização do trabalho. Assim, considerou-se que as condições e organização do trabalho têm, no setor estudado, mais repercussões no cotidiano de trabalho dos entrevistados do que os impactos decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento.

El objetivo fue conocer y analizar las relaciones entre proceso de envejecimiento y trabajo. Se trata de un estudio de caso, desarrollado en un sector de ingeniería de mantenimiento de un hospital de alta complejidad del municipio de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Entre los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2015, se realizaron 16 entrevistas semiestructuradas a puestos ejecutivos y demás trabajadores con una edad mínima de 50 años. Los datos se analizaron en base al análisis temática de contenido. Se constató que, aunque los trabajadores encuentren dificultades derivadas del proceso de envejecimiento, estas últimas no inviabilizaron la realización de actividades laborales, pues desarrollaron estrategias para compensar las pérdidas y/o declives funcionales mediante su saber-hacer. No obstante, se sienten limitados y desmotivados, debido a las malas condiciones de trabajo ofrecidas, tercerización del sector y la actual organización del trabajo. Por ello, se consideró que las condiciones y organización del trabajo tienen, en el sector estudiado, más repercusiones en el día a día del trabajo de los entrevistados que los impactos derivados del proceso de envejecimiento.

Processo de envelhecimento e trabalho: estudo de caso no setor de engenharia de manutenção de um hospital público do Município de São Paulo, Brasil / The aging process and work: a case study in the maintenance engineering division of a public hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil / Proceso de envejecimiento y trabajo: estudio de caso en el sector de ingeniería para el mantenimiento de un hospital público del municipio de Sao Paulo, Brasil

Resumo: Objetivou-se conhecer e analisar as relações entre processo de envelhecimento e trabalho. Trata-se de estudo de caso desenvolvido em um setor de engenharia de manutenção de um hospital de alta complexidade do Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Entre os meses de setembro e outubro de 2015, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas semiestruturadas com chefias e demais trabalhadores com idade mínima de 50 anos. Os dados foram analisados com base na análise temática de conteúdo. Constatou-se que, embora os trabalhadores encontrem dificuldades decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento, elas não inviabilizaram a realização das atividades de trabalho, pois desenvolveram estratégias para compensar as perdas e/ou declínios funcionais por meio de seu saber-fazer. Contudo, sentem-se limitados e desmotivados devido às más condições de trabalho oferecidas, terceirização do setor e à atual organização do trabalho. Assim, considerou-se que as condições e organização do trabalho têm, no setor estudado, mais repercussões no cotidiano de trabalho dos entrevistados do que os impactos decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento.

Abstract: This study aimed to identify and analyze the relations between aging and work. This was a case study in the maintenance engineering division of a high-complexity hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In September and October 2015, 16 semi-structured interviews were held with the division heads and other workers with a minimum age of 50 years. The data were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Although the workers experienced difficulties resulting from the aging process, these did not prevent them from performing their work activities, since they developed strategies through their knowhow to compensate for their functional losses and/or declines. Still, they felt limited and demotivated due to the poor working conditions, outsourcing of the division, and the prevailing workload organization. Thus, in this division, the working conditions and organization had more impact than the aging process on the individuals' daily work routine.

Resumen: El objetivo fue conocer y analizar las relaciones entre proceso de envejecimiento y trabajo. Se trata de un estudio de caso, desarrollado en un sector de ingeniería de mantenimiento de un hospital de alta complejidad del municipio de Sao Paulo, Brasil. Entre los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2015, se realizaron 16 entrevistas semiestructuradas a puestos ejecutivos y demás trabajadores con una edad mínima de 50 años. Los datos se analizaron en base al análisis temática de contenido. Se constató que, aunque los trabajadores encuentren dificultades derivadas del proceso de envejecimiento, estas últimas no inviabilizaron la realización de actividades laborales, pues desarrollaron estrategias para compensar las pérdidas y/o declives funcionales mediante su saber-hacer. No obstante, se sienten limitados y desmotivados, debido a las malas condiciones de trabajo ofrecidas, tercerización del sector y la actual organización del trabajo. Por ello, se consideró que las condiciones y organización del trabajo tienen, en el sector estudiado, más repercusiones en el día a día del trabajo de los entrevistados que los impactos derivados del proceso de envejecimiento.

Expertise, accidents and hernias in the context of the right to health, Colombia 1915-1946.

For most physicians, the assessment of disability in cases of work accident or occupational disease is very relative matter, and clinical judgments are subjective and unsatisfactory in legal settings. Work accident legislation gives them the task of deciding on any causal links between accident and disease and indicating any economic compensation that should be awarded. They must therefore reach beyond their scientific knowledge to understand the multitude of social factors that underlie these problems in the world of work. In this article, we analyze Colombian sources from the first half of the 20th century on the physiology of labor, fatigue, professional risk, work accidents, occupational diseases, among other issues. The aim is to advance understanding of how the field of medical knowledge established an ethical approach for experts in cases of occupational accidents, focusing on hernias, typical misfortunes of the world of work.

The ability of non-computer tasks to increase biomechanical exposure variability in computer-intensive office work.

Postures and muscle activity in the upper body were recorded from 50 academics office workers during 2 hours of normal work, categorised by observation into computer work (CW) and three non-computer (NC) tasks (NC seated work, NC standing/walking work and breaks). NC tasks differed significantly in exposures from CW, with standing/walking NC tasks representing the largest contrasts for most of the exposure variables. For the majority of workers, exposure variability was larger in their present job than in CW alone, as measured by the job variance ratio (JVR), i.e. the ratio between min-min variabilities in the job and in CW. Calculations of JVRs for simulated jobs containing different proportions of CW showed that variability could, indeed, be increased by redistributing available tasks, but that substantial increases could only be achieved by introducing more vigorous tasks in the job, in casu illustrated by cleaning.

Pathways to El Norte: origins, destinations, and characteristics of Mexican migrants to the United States.

The geography Mexican migration to the U.S. has experienced deep transformations in both its origin composition and the destinations chosen by migrants. To date, however, we know little about how shifting migrant origins and destinations may be linked to each another geographically and, ultimately, structurally as relatively similar brands of economic restructuring have been posited to drive the shifts in origins and destinations. In this paper, we describe how old and new migrant networks have combined to fuel the well-documented geographic expansion of Mexican migration. We use data from the 2006 Mexican National Survey of Population Dynamics, a nationally representative survey that for the first time collected information on U.S. state of destination for all household members who had been to the U.S. during the 5 years prior to the survey. We find that the growth in immigration to southern and eastern states is disproportionately fueled by undocumented migration from non-traditional origin regions located in Central and Southeastern Mexico and from rural areas in particular. We argue that economic restructuring in the U.S. and Mexico had profound consequences not only for the magnitude but also for the geography of Mexican migration, opening up new region-to-region flows.

Care of older people in migration contexts: local and transnational arrangements between Peru and Spain.

Care arrangements for the elderly are becoming a main social process in contemporary societies due to socio-political and lifestyle changes over the last few decades. The family and the State play a basic role in the construction of care systems and in the establishment of strategies to access care resources. In the present context of migration, these resources interact at a transnational level, challenging family and State migratory regimes. These new realities need the recognition of basic international social rights, as the experiences of Peruvians living in a migration context in Spain show.

Gender and age do not influence the ability to work.

Work capacity is related to physical, environmental and psychosocial factors and is influenced by individual characteristics and occupations. The aim of this study was to evaluated the relationship between work capacity, gender and age. 360 people employed at an institution of higher education of both genders and similar age were asked to participate in this study. The ability to work was analyzed using Work Ability Index (WAI). Descriptive statistical, Pearson correlations and ANOVA test was applied. Of these, 197 workers who participated in the study completed and returned the questionnaire. The results show there weren't any significant differences between work ability in relation to gender and age, but we observed an increase variability of responses for WAI score in older workers. No significant differences in the perception of the ability of work between men and women..

Study about upper limb on highly repetitive work in maquila operations.

Industrial work is a very active sector in the economy of countries; an important part of people's work is done using the upper extremities. The purpose of this project is to characterize the effect of upper extremity work, analyze its relationship with the hand strength and the presence of fatigue and develop a model with the ability to estimate recovery times for the shoulder using variables different from the biomechanical variables.

Correlation of shift work and waist circumference, body mass index, chronotype and depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: Correlate shift work with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, chronotype and depressive symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study comprising 14 shift workers and 13 day workers. Subjects were workers from the health area aged 25 to 60 years. Minor psychiatric disorders were accessed by Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and depressive symptoms by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Chronotype was accessed using Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Anthropometric measures were taken. RESULTS: Shift workers presented higher BMI (P = 0.03) and waist circumference (P = 0.004) than day workers. Years on shift work were significantly correlated to waist circumference (r = 0.43; P = 0.03) and age (r = 0.47; P = 0.02). Shift work was not correlated with depressive symptoms and chronotype. CONCLUSION: These results may suggest a role played by shift work on the development and/or the early clinic manifestations of metabolic disturbances, becoming a risk factor to metabolic syndrome.

Correlation of shift work and waist circumference, body mass index, chronotype and depressive symptoms / Correlação entre trabalho de turno e circunferência abdominal, índice de massa corporal, cronotipo e sintomas depressivos

OBJECTIVE: Correlate shift work with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, chronotype and depressive symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study comprising 14 shift workers and 13 day workers. Subjects were workers from the health area aged 25 to 60 years. Minor psychiatric disorders were accessed by Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and depressive symptoms by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Chronotype was accessed using Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Anthropometric measures were taken. RESULTS: Shift workers presented higher BMI (P = 0.03) and waist circumference (P = 0.004) than day workers. Years on shift work were significantly correlated to waist circumference (r = 0.43; P = 0.03) and age (r = 0.47; P = 0.02). Shift work was not correlated with depressive symptoms and chronotype. CONCLUSION: These results may suggest a role played by shift work on the development and/or the early clinic manifestations of metabolic disturbances, becoming a risk factor to metabolic syndrome.

OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o trabalho de turno com índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência abdominal, cronotipo e sintomas depressivos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Amostra de 14 trabalhadores de turno e 13 diurnos, com idade entre 25 e 60 anos. Transtornos psiquiátricos menores foram aferidos pelo Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), sintomas depressivos pelo inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e o cronotipo pelo Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). As medidas antropométricas foram mensuradas. RESULTADOS: Trabalhadores de turno apresentaram maior IMC (P = 0,03) e circunferência abdominal (P = 0,004) quando comparados aos diurnos. O tempo de trabalho de turno foi correlacionado à circunferência abdominal (r = 0,43; P = 0,03). Não houve correlação entre trabalho e sintomas depressivos e cronotipo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados podem sugerir que o trabalho de turno desempenhe um papel no desenvolvimento e/ou nas precoces manifestações clínicas de distúrbios metabólicos, tornando-se um fator de risco para a síndrome metabólica.